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Rivaroxaban for Stroke Prevention after Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source
In a randomized trial involving patients who had a first stroke from an embolus of unknown source, rivaroxaban at a daily dose of 15 mg did not result in a lower incidence of recurrent stroke than aspirin at a dose of 100 mg. Bleeding rates were higher with rivaroxaban.
Journal Article
Years later...
For three years Rico Scagliola and Michael Meier have been taking candid photographs of people from all walks of life and of every age in public and semi-public urban spaces: on streets and city squares, in cafâes and bars, train stations and airports, stores and shopping centers. In the tradition of subjective street photography, they explore everyday rituals and self-presentation strategies, observing how the boundaries between public and private spheres are increasingly blurred by the new media. The photographs reveal how people of a Western stamp, by and large emancipated from overarching ideologies and procrustean social norms, strive to display their unique identities, but there's simply no getting away from all-engulfing mainstream culture. The excessive demands of the will to individuality are exacerbated by the ubiquitously homogenized and commercially optimized architecture of urban centers with their promise of transparency and stability.
Book
First-Line Crizotinib versus Chemotherapy in ALK-Positive Lung Cancer
The ALK inhibitor crizotinib as first-line therapy was associated with a significantly better response rate, longer progression-free survival, and greater improvement in quality of life measures than standard chemotherapy in patients with
ALK
-positive lung cancer.
Rearrangements of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (
ALK
) gene are present in 3 to 5% of non–small-cell lung cancers (NSCLCs).
1
,
2
They define a distinct subgroup of NSCLC that typically occurs in younger patients who have never smoked or have a history of light smoking and that has adenocarcinoma histologic characteristics.
3
–
5
Crizotinib is an oral small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor of ALK, MET, and ROS1 kinases.
6
In phase 1 and 2 studies, crizotinib treatment resulted in objective tumor responses in approximately 60% of patients with
ALK
-positive NSCLC and in progression-free survival of 7 to 10 months.
7
–
9
In . . .
Journal Article
Richard Meier, architect. Volume 8
This volume comprehensively documents Meier's work since 2017. This extensively illustrated presentation vividly conveys the purity and power of Meier's unique and celebrated vision. Thirty residential, commercial, and civic projects are featured in a dazzling variety of scales and locales, including Manhattan, Los Angeles, the Hamptons, Las Vegas, Mexico City, Tel Aviv, Rio de Janeiro, and Tokyo, among many other venues. The development and significance of Meier's work is discussed in authoritative essays by the distinguished architectural historian and curator Kurt W. Forster and world-renowned architect Alberto Campo Baeza.
Book
IPDfromKM: reconstruct individual patient data from published Kaplan-Meier survival curves
Background
When applying secondary analysis on published survival data, it is critical to obtain each patient’s raw data, because the individual patient data (IPD) approach has been considered as the gold standard of data analysis. However, researchers often lack access to IPD. We aim to propose a straightforward and robust approach to obtain IPD from published survival curves with a user-friendly software platform.
Results
Improving upon existing methods, we propose an easy-to-use, two-stage approach to reconstruct IPD from published Kaplan-Meier (K-M) curves. Stage 1 extracts raw data coordinates and Stage 2 reconstructs IPD using the proposed method. To facilitate the use of the proposed method, we developed the
R
package
IPDfromKM
and an accompanying web-based Shiny application. Both the
R
package and Shiny application have an “all-in-one” feature such that users can use them to extract raw data coordinates from published K-M curves, reconstruct IPD from the extracted data coordinates, visualize the reconstructed IPD, assess the accuracy of the reconstruction, and perform secondary analysis on the basis of the reconstructed IPD. We illustrate the use of the
R
package and the Shiny application with K-M curves from published studies. Extensive simulations and real-world data applications demonstrate that the proposed method has high accuracy and great reliability in estimating the number of events, number of patients at risk, survival probabilities, median survival times, and hazard ratios.
Conclusions
IPDfromKM
has great flexibility and accuracy to reconstruct IPD from published K-M curves with different shapes. We believe that the
R
package and the Shiny application will greatly facilitate the potential use of quality IPD and advance the use of secondary data to facilitate informed decision making in medical research.
Journal Article
Richard Meier, architect : 2013/2017
This comprehensive volume documents Meier's work since 2011, featuring thirty residential, commercial, and civic projects in a variety of locales, including Manhattan, Beverly Hills, the Hamptons, Las Vegas, Hawaii, Mexico City, Tel Aviv, Rio de Janeiro, and Tokyo, among others. Extensively illustrated and was designed by the late renowned graphic designer Massimo Vignelli, it vividly conveys the purity and power of Meier's unique and celebrated vision. The development and significance of Meier's work is discussed in an authoritative introduction by the architectural historian Kenneth Frampton. The architect himself contributes a preface that offers firsthand insight into his thought processes and working methods. A biographical chronology and selected bibliography complete this monograph on a modern American master.
Book
Competing risk bias was common in Kaplan–Meier risk estimates published in prominent medical journals
Risk estimates from Kaplan–Meier curves are well known to medical researchers, reviewers, and editors. In this study, we determined the proportion of Kaplan–Meier analyses published in prominent medical journals that are potentially biased because of competing events (“competing risk bias”).
We randomly selected 100 studies that had at least one Kaplan–Meier analysis and were recently published in prominent medical journals. Susceptibility to competing risk bias was determined by examining the outcome and potential competing events. In susceptible studies, bias was quantified using a previously validated prediction model when the number of outcomes and competing events were given.
Forty-six studies (46%) contained Kaplan–Meier analyses susceptible to competing risk bias. Sixteen studies (34.8%) susceptible to competing risk cited the number of outcomes and competing events; in six of these studies (6/16, 37.5%), the outcome risk from the Kaplan–Meier estimate (relative to the true risk) was biased upward by 10% or more.
Almost half of Kaplan–Meier analyses published in medical journals are susceptible to competing risk bias and may overestimate event risk. This bias was found to be quantitatively important in a third of such studies.
Journal Article
Atezolizumab plus Bevacizumab in Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma
In patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma, the combination of atezolizumab and bevacizumab was associated with better progression-free and overall survival outcomes, response rate, and preservation of quality of life than sorafenib. Serious toxic effects were noted in 38% of patients, similar to that seen in previous studies of these agents.
Journal Article