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The first practical guide to research methods in memory studies. This book provides expert appraisals of a range of techniques and approaches in memory studies, and focuses on methods and methodology as a way to help bring unity and coherence to this new field of study.

Background Previous research has presented varying perspectives on the potential effect of screen media use among preschoolers. In this study, we systematically reviewed experimental studies that investigated how pacing and fantasy features of TV programs affect children's attention and executive functions (EFs). Methods A systematic search was conducted across eight online databases to identify pertinent studies published until August 2023. We followed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines. Results Fifteen papers involving 1855 participants aged 2–7 years fulfilled all the inclusion criteria for this review and were entered into the narrative synthesis. Despite the challenge of reaching general conclusions and encountering conflicting outcomes, a nuanced analysis reveals distinct patterns within various subgroups. The impact of pacing on attention is discernible, particularly in bottom-up attention processes, although the nature of this effect remains contradictory. Conversely, consistent findings emerge regarding top-down attention, suggesting any impact. Moreover, a subgroup analysis of different EF components yields valuable insights, highlighting the negative effect of fantasy on inhibitory control within the EF framework. Conclusion The complexity of these outcomes highlights the need for further research, considering factors such as content, child-specific characteristics, environmental factors, and methodological approaches. These findings collectively emphasize the necessity of conducting more comprehensive and detailed research, especially in terms of the underlying mechanisms and their impact on brain function.

Consumers often need to make choices when some or all of the information relevant to the decision is not physically present. To deal with this, they need to retrieve the necessary information from their own memory (Lynch, 1982), e.g. a list of brands within a category, prior experiences with a brand, and knowledge about key attributes of certain products. The processes mediating consumer recall, and their downstream effects on consumer choice, have been subject to intense study by consumer researchers. An extensive literature in consumer research strongly indicates a positive role of memory in consideration and choices. Brands that have higher awareness or accessibility are more likely to be chosen (Hoyer & Brown, 1990; Posavac, Sanbonmatsu, & Fazio, 1997). Furthermore, increasing brand accessibility or strengthening category-brand association boosts the likelihood of consideration and choice for a brand of interest (Nedungadi, 1990; Posavac, Sanbonmatsu, Cronley, & Kardės, 2001).