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"Memory Social aspects Lebanon."
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War and memory in Lebanon
\"From 1975 to 1990, Lebanon endured one of the most protracted and bloody civil wars of the twentieth century. Sune Haugbolle's timely and often poignant book chronicles the battle over ideas that emerged from the wreckage of that war. While the Lebanese state encouraged forgetfulness and political parties created sectarian interpretations of the war through cults of dead leaders, intellectuals and activists--inspired by the example of truth and reconciliation movements in different parts of the world--advanced the idea that confronting and remembering the war was necessary for political and cultural renewal. Through an analysis of different cultural productions--media, art, literature, film, posters, and architecture--the author shows how the recollection and reconstruction of political and sectarian violence that took place during the war have helped in Lebanon's healing process. He also shows how a willingness to confront the past influenced the popular uprising in Lebanon after the assassination of Prime Minister Rafiq Hariri\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
Memory and Conflict in Lebanon
This book examines the legacy of Lebanon's civil war and how the population, and the youth in particular, are dealing with their national past. Drawing on extensive qualitative research and social observation, the author explores the efforts of those who wish to remember, so as not to repeat past mistakes, and those who wish to forget.
In considering how the Lebanese youth are negotiating this collective memory, Larkin addresses issues of:
Lebanese post-war amnesia and the gradual emergence of new memory discourses and public debates
Lebanese nationalism and historical memory
visual memory and mnemonic landscapes
oral memory and post-war narratives
war memory as an agent of ethnic conflict and a tool for reconciliation and peace-building.
trans-generational trauma or postmemory.
Shedding new light on trauma and the persistence of ethnic and religious hostility, this book offers a unique insight into Lebanon's recurring communal tensions and a fresh perspective on the issue of war memory. As such, this is an essential addition to the existing literature on Lebanon and will be relevant for scholars of sociology, Middle East studies, anthropology, politics and history.
eBook
Language, memory, and identity in the Middle East
Since the West's very early flirtations with the modern Near East, and especially in the past 100 years of East-West relations, there has been considerable difficulty in understanding and defining the Middle East, the Arab world, pan-Arabism, Arab nationalism, and Middle Eastern identities in general. The Western impulse of conflating national identity with language, state, and ethnicity—often subsuming Arabic language into Arab ethnicity—has contributed to this misunderstanding and misreading of the region. For, while the Middle East can be accurately referred to by way of the generic \"Arab world\" label, the appellation itself is a misleading oversimplification that conceals an inherent diversity and multiplicity of Middle Eastern cultures, ethnicities, languages, and nationalities. And while there is certainly a dominant Arab ethnos, there are also significant numbers of Middle Eastern peoples and nationalities with historical memories and ethno-cultural bonds that challenge the dominant Arabist paradigm. Language, Memory, and Identity in the Middle East proposes a new reading of modern Middle Eastern history and suggests alternate solutions to the region's problems. The book is an attempt to rehabilitate and bring back to the fore of Middle East Studies the issue of language as a key factor in shaping (and misshaping) the region, with the hope of rediscovering a broader, more honest, and less ideologically tainted discussion on the Middle East. Language, Memory, and Identity in the Middle East has a special focus on Lebanon, a \"Christian homeland,\" because Lebanon has traditionally acted as the region's template for change and a barometer gauging its problems and charting its progress.
eBook
Cohort profile: the Lebanon Study on Aging and HeAlth (LSAHA)
Background
This paper describes the design and cohort profile of the Lebanon Study on Aging and HeAlth (LSAHA), the first population-level study of Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD) in an Arab country. The burden due to ADRD in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region is among the highest in the world, but reliable population-level data on ADRD in the region are lacking. Older adults in Lebanon have experienced prolonged periods of social and economic instability due to political conflicts and chronic government mismanagement. The effects of these destabilizing experiences throughout the life course on ADRD risk and other late-life health outcomes are currently unknown.
Methods
LSAHA is designed as a prospective cohort study of ADRD in a large sample of adults aged
≥
60 years in Lebanon [baseline data presented here]. We employed a probability-based multi-stage sampling design in two pre-selected areas, the city of Beirut and district of Zahle, to represent the full range of urban-rural, socio-economic, and religious diversity in Lebanon. Data collection included a standardized survey questionnaire including validated cognitive tests and anthropometric measurements, a household interview, key informant assessments, and a blood sample. Survey weights were computed to account for differential non-response and calibrated for the age- and sex-distribution in the two study areas.
Results
LSAHA enrolled 3,027 participants, 1,510 from Beirut and 1,517 from Zahle, realizing a response rate of 69%. The average age of the sample was 71.7 years and 55.3% was female, 43.1% had primary education or less, while 19.9% had university training. There was a high prevalence of chronic medical conditions, such as hypertension (57.2%), heart disease (32.4%), and diabetes (32.7%). There was also a high prevalence of moderate/severe symptoms of depression (51.4%) and anxiety (34.1%). A substantial percentage reported fair or poor self-rated memory (52.1%) or having worse memory compared to 2 years ago (38.4%).
Conclusions
We successfully launched a new cohort study of older adults in Lebanon to investigate ADRD and its risk factors. Data from this study will inform clinical care and policy goals in Lebanon and other settings that face a rapidly growing number of older adults with ADRD.
Journal Article
GRASS-ROOTS COMMEMORATIONS: REMEMBERING THE LAND IN THE CAMPS OF LEBANON
The Oslo negotiations--and the specter of a Palestinian renunciation of the right of return--greatly increased the insecurities of Palestinian refugees in Lebanon. The new uncertainties in turn triggered the emergence in the refugee camps of commemorative practices different from those previously sponsored by the Palestinian leadership. The new forms of commemoration, centered on the villages left behind in Palestine in 1948 and including popular ethnographies, memory museums, naming practices, and history-telling using new technologies, have become implicit vehicles of opposition and a means of asserting the refugees' membership in the Palestinian polity. Beyond reflecting nostalgia for a lost world, the practices have become the basis of the political identity of the younger generations and the motivation for their political mobilization.
Journal Article
Posthumous Images: Contemporary Art and Memory Politics in Post-Civil War Lebanon
Posthumous Images revolves around two major claims: first, that the collective amnesia in post-civil war Lebanon is not simply a natural by-product of the violent domestic conflict that led to deaths and disappearances but the result of a state-engineered effort to sustain its exclusive control over the politics of memory and the representation of violence and second, that the works of contemporary Lebanese artists challenge the state's tight grip over collective memory by invoking the past to critique the present and imagine a different future. Among them are Elias's critical distance from any attempt at ventriloquizing those \"effectively silenced or rendered invisible\" by the conflict (17); his insistence that contemporary art is not a reflection of underlying social and political forces but in itself \"an essential site of political contestation\" over communal memory (10); and his insight into the perils of collapsing history into trauma, which \"risks evacuating [practices of contemporary art] of their potential as a site of political agency within communities of witnessing\" (15). A telling comparison is made between the show Missing and Lamia Joreige's documentary Here and Perhaps Elsewhere; whereas the former is criticized for its \"flawed assumption that images of the missing persons could speak for themselves\" (100), and for the exclusion of local families from discussion and lectures conducted primarily in English, the latter is praised for its ability to forge \"a framework in which processes of truth seeking and mnemonic reflection can be enacted at a local level through site-specific interventions into urban communities\" (118). The fifth and final chapter of the book concerns Joana Hadjithomas and Khalil Joreige's 2012 documentary The Lebanese Rocket Society, based on the Lebanese Space Program, which in the 1960s was a source of national pride yet entirely absent from the country's collective consciousness five decades later.
Book Review