Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
48
result(s) for
"Mendel, Gregor, 1822-1884"
Sort by:
مندل واجتياح البنى المعدلة وراثيا
يتناول الكتاب التعريف بمندل بأنه أبو علم الوراثة، وكان أول من اكتشف كيفية انتقال خصائص النوع من الأهل إلى الأولاد، ونجح بتفسيرات آليات التوارث، أي لماذا ورثنا عن أمهاتنا وآبائنا أو عن أجدادنا لون العينين أو الشعر، أو البشرة، فهي قواعد الحياة الأساسية التي أمست اليوم بفضل الاكتشافات التكنولوجية بمتناول الإنسان، يطبقها ويستغلها فتأتي بنتائج لا تحدها إلا مخيلتنا.
Book
Why science?
This book aims to describe, for readers uneducated in science, the development of humanity's desire to know and understand the world around us through the various stages of its development to the present, when science is almost universally recognized — at least in the Western world — as the most reliable way of knowing. The book describes the history of the large-scale exploration of the surface of the earth by sea, beginning with the Vikings and the Chinese, and of the unknown interiors of the American and African continents by foot and horseback. After the invention of the telescope, visual exploration of the surfaces of the Moon and Mars were made possible, and finally a visit to the Moon. The book then turns to our legacy from the ancient Greeks of wanting to understand rather than just know, and why the scientific way of understanding is valued. For concreteness, it relates the lives and accomplishments of six great scientists, four from the nineteenth century and two from the twentieth. Finally, the book explains how chemistry came to be seen as the most basic of the sciences, and then how physics became the most fundamental.
eBook
A remarkable journey : the story of evolution
\"Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species appeared a little more than 150 years ago. Although Darwin had already been developing his theory for more than twenty years and others before him had advocated evolutionary views, the book was transformative and marked the beginning of the development of evolutionary biology. The story of the development of evolutionary theory over the last century and a half is fascinating and conceptually rich; it has involved repeated modification, clarification, experimentation and frustration. A Remarkable Journey: The Story of Evolution follows the theory of evolution along its captivating, often tortuous path--filled with intrigue and philosophical richness--from Darwin's original brilliant formulation to today's robust, vibrant and deeply explanatory principle. In many respects, the story of evolution documents the maturing of biological science; as the evolutionary biologist Theodosius Dobzhansky asserted in 1973, 'Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution.' A Remarkable Journey is a historical narrative of the discoveries, debates, experimentation and field work that became the evidential base on which the theory of evolution rests, of the systematic assembling of these into an elegant and powerful science, and of how it increasingly won over the biological and scientific communities. This considered and absorbing overview will provide all readers with an insight into the development of what most of us now take for granted as a basic--and beautiful--principle of life.\"--Dust jacket.
Book
Revisiting Epigenetics Fundamentals and Its Biomedical Implications
In light of the post-genomic era, epigenetics brings about an opportunity to better understand how the molecular machinery works and is led by a complex dynamic set of mechanisms, often intricate and complementary in many aspects. In particular, epigenetics links developmental biology and genetics, as well as many other areas of knowledge. The present work highlights substantial scopes and relevant discoveries related to the development of the term from its first notions. To our understanding, the concept of epigenetics needs to be revisited, as it is one of the most relevant and multifaceted terms in human knowledge. To redirect future novel experimental or theoretical efforts, it is crucial to compile all significant issues that could impact human and ecological benefit in the most precise and accurate manner. In this paper, the reader can find one of the widest compilations of the landmarks and epistemic considerations of the knowledge of epigenetics across the history of biology from the earliest epigenetic formulation to genetic determinism until the present. In the present work, we link the current body of knowledge and earlier pre-genomic concepts in order to propose a new definition of epigenetics that is faithful to its regulatory nature.
Journal Article
From Mendel to Gene Therapy
Within a decade of the genetic code being solved, researchers at the University of Wisconsin reported accomplishing the first chemical synthesis of a gene (24, 25). [...]interest in gene therapy research and development significantly expanded, with the introduction of a variety of gene-therapy technologies to the international market. Recently, two adeno-associated viral vectors received USFDA approval: etranacogene dezaparvovec-drlb (Hemgenix), encoding the Factor IX gene, was approved for the treatment of hemophilia B, an X-linked bleeding disorder due to Factor IX coagulation factor deficiency and delandistrogene moxeparvovec-rokl (Elevidys), encoding a shortened functional segment of dystrophin, received accelerated approval for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (38). [...]in July 2023, the USFDA Center of Biologics Evaluation and Research authorized the expansion of the Aveni Foundation Expanded Access program for advanced breast cancer in addition to pancreatic cancer and sarcoma, including the use of DeltaRex-G as a platform therapy upon which gene-targeted therapies and immunotherapies may be added.
Journal Article
Gregor Mendel
Edward Edelson traces Mendel's life from his humble origins to his posthumous fame, giving us both a brief introduction to the fascinating science of genetics and an inspired account of what a modest man can accomplish with dedication and ingenuity.
eBook
Must Introductory Genetics Start with Mendel?
It is 157 years since Mendel presented his results on hybridisation in peas to the Brünn Society for Natural Science. The discipline of genetics has dramatically changed since then, with technological advancements revealing multifactorial causation and trait variability. Whilst none of this complexity featured in the discovery of classical genetics, Mendel and his peas still dominate teaching today. Must genetics always start from such a simplistic, determinist perspective? A number of recent studies (e.g. Donovan, 2021; Dougherty, 2010; Jamieson & Radick, 2013) have made the case for emphasising the complexity of genetics from the beginning. In this study, I will examine the origins and fate of two earlier attempts at reform, from the 1970s and 1980s. One was from Steven Rose, a biochemist in London and founder of the British Society for Social Responsibility in Science, who developed a genetics course for distance teaching at the Open University. The other was from Garland Allen, a historian of science and influential writer of biology textbooks, including four editions of Study of Biology. Both tried to depart from the standard start-with-Mendel script, in ways that aimed to help students better appreciate not only the complexities of genetics but also embedding genetics—and genetic knowledge—in society. Both met significant resistance, with concerns varying from the creation of unrealistic demands on students to the time and cost of making large-scale changes to textbooks. In closing, I will suggest that the experiences of Rose and Allen hold valuable lessons for reformers of the genetics curriculum today.
Journal Article
Soil organic matter interactions along the elevation gradient of the James Ross Island (Antarctica)
Around half of the Earth's soil organic carbon (SOC) is presently stored in the Northern Hemisphere permafrost region. In polar permafrost regions, low temperatures particularly inhibit both the production and biodegradation of organic matter. Under such conditions, abiotic factors such as mesoclimate, pedogenic substrate or altitude are thought to be more important for soil development than biological factors. In Antarctica, biological factors are generally underestimated in soil development due to the rare occurrence of higher plants and the short time since deglaciation. In this study, we aim to assess the relationship between SOC and other soil properties related to the pedogenic factors or properties. Nine plots were investigated along the altitudinal gradient from 10 to 320 m in the deglaciated area of James Ross Island (Ulu Peninsula) using a parallel tea-bag decomposition experiment. SOC contents showed a positive correlation with the content of easily extractable glomalin-related soil protein (EE-GRSP; Spearman r=0.733, P=0.031) and the soil buffering capacity (expressed as ΔpH; Spearman r=0.817, P=0.011). The soil-available P was negatively correlated with altitude (Spearman r=-0.711, P=0.032), and the exchangeable Mg was negatively correlated with the rock fragment content (Spearman r=-0.683, P=0.050). No correlation was found between the available mineral nutrients (P, K, Ca and Mg) and SOC or GRSP. This may be a consequence of the inhibition of biologically mediated nutrient cycling in the soil. Therefore, the main factor influencing nutrient availability in these soils does not seem to the biotic environment; rather, the main impact appears to stem from the abiotic environment influencing the mesoclimate (altitude) or the level of weathering (rock content). Incubation in tea bags for 45 d resulted in the consumption and translocation of more labile polyphenolic and water-extractable organic matter, along with changes in the C content (increase of up to +0.53 % or decrease of up to −1.31 % C) and a decrease in the C:N ratio (from 12.5 to 7.1–10.2), probably due to microbial respiration and an increase in the abundance of nitrogen-binding microorganisms. Our findings suggest that one of the main variables influencing the SOC/GRSP content is not the altitude or coarse-fraction content (for which a correlation with SOC/GRSP was not found); rather, we suspect effects from other factors that are difficult to quantify, such as the availability of liquid water.
Journal Article
Progress in Adzuki Bean Seed Coat Colour Studies
Seed coat colour is an important quality trait, domestication trait, and morphological marker, and it is closely associated with flavonoid and anthocyanin metabolism pathways. The seed coat colour of the adzuki bean, an important legume crop, influences the processing quality, the commodity itself, and its nutritional quality. In this review, a genetic analysis of different seed coat colours, gene mapping, metabolite content determination, and varietal improvement in adzuki bean are summarized. It provides further insight into gene mapping and cloning of seed coat colour genes and varietal improvements in adzuki beans.
Journal Article
Genetic Variation Controlling Wrinkled Seed Phenotypes in Pisum: How Lucky Was Mendel?
One of the traits studied by Mendel in pea (Pisum sativum L.) was the wrinkled-seeded phenotype, and the molecular basis for a mutation underlying this phenotype was discovered in the 1990s. Although the starch-branching enzyme gene mutation identified at the genetic locus r is most likely to be that in seeds available to Mendel in the mid-1800s, it has remained an open question as to whether or not additional natural mutations in this gene exist within Pisum germplasm collections. Here, we explore this question and show that all but two wrinkled-seeded variants in one such collection correspond to either the mutant allele described previously for the r locus or a mutation at a second genetic locus, rb, affecting the gene encoding the large subunit of Adenosine diphosphoglucose (ADP-glucose) pyrophosphorylase; the molecular basis for the rb mutation is described here. The genetic basis for the phenotype of one (JI 2110) of the two lines which are neither r nor rb has been studied in crosses with a round-seeded variant (JI 281); for which extensive genetic marker data were expected. In marked contrast to the trait studied by Mendel and the rb phenotype; the data suggest that the wrinkled-seeded phenotype in JI 2110 is maternally determined, controlled by two genetic loci, and the extent to which it is manifested is very sensitive to the environment. Metabolite analysis of the cotyledons of JI 2110 revealed a profile for sucrose and sucrose-derived compounds that was more similar to that of wild-type round-seeded, than that of wrinkled-seeded r, pea lines. However, the metabolite profile of the seed coat (testa) of JI 2110 was distinct from that of other round-seeded genotypes tested which, together with analysis of recombinant inbred progeny lines, suggests an explanation for the seed phenotype.
Journal Article