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Importance Emerging research suggests a complex interplay between physical health metrics and mental health outcomes, including suicidal ideation. The body roundness index (BRI), a novel measure of body size, may offer insights into this relationship. This study seeks to investigate the intricate connection between BRI and suicidal ideation in a sample that reflects the entire U.S. population-working to validate the potential of BRI as a predictor of suicidal ideation. Methods Data from the NHANES spanning 2013 to 2018 was used in this cross-sectional study to analyze a sample of 14,058 participants. BRI was calculated based on height and waist circumference measurements. Suicidal ideation was assessed using the Mental Health-Depression Screener Questionnaire ninth question. To investigate potential non-linear relationships between BRI and suicidal ideation, we employed generalized additive models and smooth curve fitting, and used ROC curves to compare the predictive ability of BMI and BRI for suicidal ideation. Subgroup analyses and interaction tests were utilized to study the moderating effects of categorical covariates. Results Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between increased BRI and heightened suicidal ideation, with a nonlinear pattern persisting even after adjustment for covariates. This nonlinear relationship was reinforced by a sharp increase in the prevalence of suicidal ideation when the BRI exceeded 6.7. Based on ROC curve analysis, BRI demonstrates a slightly stronger predictive ability for suicide ideation compared to BMI. Subgroup analyses confirmed the relative robustness of this association across populations, including age, education and PRI, etc. However, the interaction between the two was influenced by gender, coronary artery disease and angina pectoris. Conclusion In conclusion, our cross-sectional study reveals a significant positive correlation between increased BRI and heightened suicidal ideation, with a sharp increase in prevalence when BRI exceeds 6.7. It is recommended that appropriate BRI be maintained to minimize suicidal ideation.

Lyric poetry has long been regarded as the intensely private, emotional expression of individuals, powerful precisely because it draws readers into personal worlds. But who, exactly, is the \"I\" in a lyric poem, and how is it created? InLyric Poetry, Mutlu Blasing argues that the individual in a lyric is only a virtual entity and that lyric poetry takes its power from the public, emotional power of language itself. In the first major new theory of the lyric to be put forward in decades, Blasing proposes that lyric poetry is a public discourse deeply rooted in the mother tongue. She looks to poetic, linguistic, and psychoanalytic theory to help unravel the intricate historical processes that generate speaking subjects, and concludes that lyric forms convey both personal and communal emotional histories in language. Focusing on the work of such diverse twentieth-century American poets as T. S. Eliot, Ezra Pound, Wallace Stevens, and Anne Sexton, Blasing demonstrates the ways that the lyric \"I\" speaks, from first to last, as a creation of poetic language.

The medial temporal lobe, including the hippocampus, has been implicated in social memory. However, it remains unknown which parts of these brain regions and their circuits hold social memory. Here, we show that ventral hippocampal CA1 (vCA1) neurons of a mouse and their projections to nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell play a necessary and sufficient role in social memory. Both the proportion of activated vCA1 cells and the strength and stability of the responding cells are greater in response to a familiar mouse than to a previously unencountered mouse. Optogenetic reactivation of vCA1 neurons that respond to the familiar mouse enabled memory retrieval and the association of these neurons with unconditioned stimuli. Thus, vCA1 neurons and their NAc shell projections are a component of the storage site of social memory.

Community-based epidemiological studies show transitions between psychiatric disorders are common during child development. However, little research has explored the prevalence or patterns of the diagnostic adjustments that occur in child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS). Understanding diagnostic trajectories is necessary to inform theory development in developmental psychopathology and clinical judgements regarding risk and prognosis. In this study, data from CAMHS clinical records were extracted from a British mental health case register (N = 12,543). Analysis calculated the proportion of children whose clinical records showed a longitudinal diagnostic adjustment (i.e. addition of a subsequent diagnosis of a different diagnostic class, at > 30 days’ distance from their first diagnosis). Regression analyses investigated typical diagnostic sequences and their relationships with socio-demographic variables, service use and standardised measures of mental health. Analysis found that 19.3% of CAMHS attendees had undergone a longitudinal diagnostic adjustment. Ethnicity, diagnostic class and symptom profiles significantly influenced the likelihood of a diagnostic adjustment. Affective and anxiety/stress-related disorders longitudinally predicted each other, as did hyperkinetic and conduct disorders, and hyperkinetic and pervasive developmental disorders. Results suggest that approximately one in five young service users have their original psychiatric diagnosis revised or supplemented during their time in CAMHS. By revealing the most common diagnostic sequences, this study enables policy makers to anticipate future service needs and clinicians to make informed projections about their patients’ likely trajectories. Further research is required to understand how young people experience diagnostic adjustments and their psychological and pragmatic implications.

This study examines the relationship between depressive symptoms (DS) and mental time travel (MTT), focusing on individuals’ ability to orient and project themselves into past or future scenarios. Drawing on literature suggesting that depression disrupts prospection, we hypothesized that DS are primarily associated with alterations in future-related MTT. Forty-eight university students were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of mild-to-severe DS. Participants were asked to judge whether various events were located in the past or future while mentally projecting themselves ten years into the past, in the present, or ten years into the future. Results showed that participants with DS were less accurate in judging the temporal location of past events when projecting themselves into the future, as compared with those without DS. This suggests that DS may reduce prospection by interfering with the ability to orient to the past when individuals need to represent themselves in possible futures. Clinical implications will be discussed on how focusing on future-related MTT may help counteract DS.

Background The war in Ukraine places a great burden on the mental health of the civilian population. To help guide resource allocation in the health system and post-conflict recovery planning, we calculated Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) for depression, anxiety and PTSD. At time of submission, only baseline data from April 2024 to August 2024 is available. Using 1-year follow up data to be collected in Summer 2025, we will additionally model future scenarios to project changes in the mental health burden over time. Methods Estimated prevalences of disorders were derived from the Mental Health Assessment of the Population of Ukraine study (MAP-U), a population-based cohort with a sample of 5'286 participants across ten regions. We calculated DALYs by combining these estimates with disability weights from the Global Burden of Disease framework. The following results reflect median estimates and are reported with a 95% credible interval accounting for prevalence uncertainty. Results We estimate depression to account for 8'519 [6'533-11'361] DALYs per 100'000 in north-western Ukraine, 12'621 [10'158-16'464] in central Ukraine and 11'624 [9'252-15'212] south-eastern Ukraine. For anxiety, we estimate a lower burden of 1'482 [900-2'240] in north-western Ukraine, 2'929 [2'032-4'005] in central Ukraine and 3'528 [2'506-4'735] in south-eastern Ukraine. PTSD is estimated to cause 3'185 [2'350-4'041] DALYs in north-western Ukraine, 4'641 [3'673-5'641] in central Ukraine and 4'228 [3'289-5'209] in south-eastern Ukraine. DALYs were consistently higher among women and often highest for the 18-24 age bracket. Conclusions Depression, followed by PTSD and anxiety, place a great burden on Ukrainians and require a concerted mitigation effort. Consistent with prevalence patterns, the burden is lower in north-western Ukraine than central and south-eastern Ukraine. Projections based on the 1-year follow-up data will further inform long-term recovery planning and resource allocation. Key messages • Depression, followed by PTSD and Anxiety impose a substantial burden on adult Ukrainians, particularly in central and south-eastern regions. Women consistently report higher burdens than men. • There is a strong need for public mental health efforts and planning to support the long-term recovery of Ukrainians.

Episodic counterfactuals are imagined events that could have happened, but did not happen, in a person’s past. Such imagined past events are important aspects of mental life, affecting emotions, decisions, and behaviors. However, studies examining their phenomenological characteristics and content have been few. Here we introduced a new method to systematically compare self-generated episodic counterfactuals to self-generated episodic memories and future projections with regard to their phenomenological characteristics (e.g., imagery, emotional valence, and rehearsal) and content (e.g., reference to a cultural life script), and how these were affected by temporal distance (1 month, 1 year, 5+ years). The findings showed that the three types of events differed phenomenologically. First, episodic memories were remembered more easily, with more sensory details, and from a dominantly field perspective, as compared to both future projections and episodic counterfactuals. Second, episodic future projections were more positive, more voluntarily rehearsed, and more central to life story and identity than were both episodic memories and episodic counterfactuals. Third, episodic counterfactuals differed from both episodic memories and future projections by neither having the positivity bias of the future events nor the enhanced sensory details of the past events. Across all three event types, sensory details decreased, whereas importance, reference to a cultural life script, and centrality increased with increasing temporal distance. The findings show that imagined events are phenomenologically different from memories of experienced events, consistent with reality-monitoring theory, and that imagined future events are different from both actual and imagined past events, consistent with some theories of motivation.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and depression frequently co-occur, yet the biological mechanisms underpinning this comorbidity remain poorly understood. This may reflect complex, non-linear associations across multiple biological pathways. We aimed to identify molecular biomarkers linking depressive symptoms and cardiovascular phenotypes using a network-based integrative approach. Data were obtained from the Young Finns Study (  = 1,686; mean age = 37.7 years; 58.3% female), including 21 depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory), 17 CVD-related indicators, 6 risk factors, 228 metabolomic, and 437 lipidomic variables. Mutual information was used to capture both linear and non-linear associations among variables. A multipartite projection network was constructed to quantify how depressive symptoms and cardiovascular phenotypes are biologically connected via shared metabolites and lipids. Biomarkers were ranked by their contribution to these projected associations. Results were validated in an independent cohort from the UK Biobank. Specific depressive symptoms - crying, appetite changes, and loss of interest in sex - showed strong projected associations with diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure, and cardiovascular health scores. Key mediators included creatinine, valine, leucine, phospholipids in very large HDL, triglycerides in small LDL, and apolipoprotein B. Important lipid mediators included sphingomyelins, phosphatidylcholines, triacylglycerols, and diacylglycerols. Replication analysis in the UK Biobank identified many overlaps in metabolite profiles, supporting generalizability. This network-based analysis revealed symptom-specific biological pathways linking CVD and depression. The identified biomarkers may offer insights into shared mechanisms and support future prevention and treatment strategies for cardiometabolic-psychiatric comorbidity.

Future events can spring to mind unbidden in the form of involuntary mental images also known as 'flashforwards', which are deemed important for understanding and treating emotional distress. However, there has been little exploration of this form of imagery in youth, and even less so in those with high psychopathology vulnerabilities (e.g. due to developmental differences associated with neurodiversity or maltreatment). We aimed to test whether flashforwards are heightened (e.g. more frequent and emotional) in autistic and maltreatment-exposed adolescents relative to typically developing adolescents. We also explored their associations with anxiety/depression symptoms. A survey including measures of flashforward imagery and mental health was completed by a group of adolescents ( =87) aged 10-16 (and one of their caregivers) who met one of the following criteria: (i) had a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder; (ii) a history of maltreatment; or (ii) no autism/maltreatment. Flashforwards (i) were often of positive events and related to career, education and/or learning; with phenomenological properties (e.g. frequency and emotionality) that were (ii) not significantly different between groups; but nevertheless (iii) associated with symptoms of anxiety across groups (particularly for imagery emotionality), even after accounting for general trait (non-future) imagery vividness. As a modifiable cognitive risk factor, flashforward imagery warrants further consideration for understanding and improving mental health in young people. This implication may extend to range of developmental backgrounds, including autism and maltreatment.

Background Depressive disorders have been identified as a significant contributor to non-fatal health loss in China. Among the various subtypes of depressive disorders, dysthymia is gaining attention due to its similarity in clinical severity and disability to major depressive disorders (MDD). However, national epidemiological data on the burden of disease and risk factors of MDD and dysthymia in China are scarce. Methods This study aimed to evaluate and compare the incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) caused by MDD and dysthymia in China between 1990 and 2019. The temporal trends of the depressive disorder burden were evaluated using the average annual percentage change. The comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate the proportion of DALYs attributed to risk factors, and a Bayesian age-period-cohort model was applied to project the burden of depressive disorders. Results From 1990 to 2019, the overall age-standardized estimates of dysthymia in China remained stable, while MDD showed a decreasing trend. Since 2006, the raw prevalence of dysthymia exceeded that of MDD for the first time, and increased alternately with MDD in recent years. Moreover, while the prevalence and burden of MDD decreased in younger age groups, it increased in the aged population. In contrast, the prevalence and burden of dysthymia remained stable across different ages. In females, 11.34% of the DALYs attributable to depressive disorders in 2019 in China were caused by intimate partner violence, which has increasingly become prominent among older women. From 2020 to 2030, the age-standardized incidence, prevalence, and DALYs of dysthymia in China are projected to remain stable, while MDD is expected to continue declining. Conclusions To reduce the burden of depressive disorders in China, more attention and targeted strategies are needed for dysthymia. It’s also urgent to control potential risk factors like intimate partner violence and develop intervention strategies for older women. These efforts are crucial for improving mental health outcomes in China.