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"Mental retardation in literature History."
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Modeling Contextual Influences on Parents With Intellectual Disability and Their Children
Many parents with intellectual disability experience living conditions associated with risk for children and parents. This study used structural equation modeling to test a theoretical model of the relationships among parent, child, family, and contextual variables in 120 Australian families where a parent had an intellectual disability. Findings revealed that parenting practices had a direct effect on children's well being, that social support was associated with children's well being through the mediator of parenting practices, and that access to social support had a direct influence on parenting practices. Implications of the findings for research, intervention, and policy are explored, with the goal of promoting optimal well being for children who are raised by parents with intellectual disability.
Journal Article
Before Itard: Intellectual Disability and the Enlightened Voice of Daniel Defoe
Although positive regard for the needs of people with disabilities was apparently uncommon by many accounts prior to the 20th century, this may be a misconception of history. There were likely many people who responded to the needs of their family members and others in need of assistance because of their disablities, and their physical and emotional proximity. This, however, if so, is not easily discernable in historical records. Few and rare voices raised that endeavored to inform and inspire others toward humane treatment and educational interventions for people with disabilities have been documented. This rarity was particulary true for those considered to have an intellectual disability. Evidence of advocacy in disbility history are difficult to find. When found they have been embraced as critical to understanding the development of the field of developmental disabilities. A famous example is the work of Jean Itard. The proposals of the well-known author, Daniel Defoe, however, are also notable for his forward-thinking writing as it related to how society should respond to the needs of people with disabilities. A review of his work provides important examples of a philosophy of advocacy and education that preceded the work of Itard by approximately 75 years but that has rarely been acknowledged. This manuscript highlights and discusses several of these important works and provides a context for Defoe's contributions.
Journal Article
Evidence-Base of a Functional Curriculum for Secondary Students with Mild Intellectual Disability: A Historical Perspective
This study represents a follow-up to a review of research on functional curriculum for secondary students with mild intellectual disability by Bouck and Flanagan (2010), which focused on the years 1994-2009. This systematic review focused on research involving functional curriculum for secondary students with mild intellectual disability published between 1975 and 1994. The results suggest a lack of historical research; only eight articles were found in four major journals between the years involving research on functional curriculum for this population. The lack of published research found in this review—and in conjunction with the earlier review of research on functional curriculum for secondary students with mild intellectual disability conducted between 1994-2009 (Bouck & Flanagan, 2010)—causes one to question the empirical evidence for a functional curriculum for secondary students with mild intellectual disability.
Journal Article
Social Awareness and Transition to Employment for Adolescents with Mental Retardation
This article provides a review of relevant literature concerning instruction emphasizing social awareness as opposed to specific social skills for adolescents with mental retardation. social awareness is discussed in terms of promoting discrimination, generalization, and maintenance of appropriate social behavior in work environments. instructional techniques such as cognitive process approaches and community-based instructional settings for promoting social integration are then discussed. recommendations for the field of special education are suggested based on analysis of this literature.
Journal Article
Down’s (1866) Essay and Its Sociomedical Context
This article analyzes the essay (1866) by J. Langdon Down that first described the condition now known as Down Syndrome. The article's key concepts are related to the scientific literature of the era including writings on medicine, ethnography, public health, and genetics. Noted are nineteenth century ideas of \"degeneracy\" incorporated into Down's paper. (Contains references.) (DB)
Journal Article