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"Metals - analysis"
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Distribution, enrichment, and potential toxicity of trace metals in the surface sediments of Sundarban mangrove ecosystem, Bangladesh: a baseline study before Sundarban oil spill of December, 2014
The distribution, enrichment, and ecotoxicity potential of Bangladesh part of Sundarban mangrove was investigated for eight trace metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn) using sediment quality assessment indices. The average concentration of trace metals in the sediments exceeded the crustal abundance suggesting sources other than natural in origin. Additionally, the trace metals profile may be a reflection of socio-economic development in the vicinity of Sundarban which further attributes trace metals abundance to the anthropogenic inputs. A total of eleven surficial sediment samples were collected along a vertical transect along the freshwater–saline water gradient. The sediment samples were digested using EPA 3051 method and were analyzed on ICP-MS. Geo-accumulation index suggests moderately polluted sediment quality with respect to Ni and As and background concentrations for Al, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb, Co, As, and Cd. Contamination factor analysis suggested low contamination by Zn, Cr, Co, and Cd, moderate by Fe, Mn, Cu, and Pb while Ni and As show considerable and high contamination, respectively. Enrichment factors for Ni, Pb, and As suggests high contamination from either biota or anthropogenic inputs besides natural enrichment. As per the three sediment quality guidelines, Fe, Mn, Cu, Ni, Co, and As would be more of a concern with respect to ecotoxicological risk in the Sundarban mangroves. The correlation between various physiochemical variables and trace metals suggested significant role of fine grained particles (clay) in trace metal distribution whereas owing to low organic carbon content in the region the organic complexation may not be playing significant role in trace metal distribution in the Sundarban mangroves.
Journal Article
Assessing Metal Toxicity on Crustaceans in Aquatic Ecosystems: A Comprehensive Review
Residual concentrations of some trace elements and lightweight metals, including cadmium, copper, lead, mercury, silver, zinc, nickel, chromium, arsenic, gallium, indium, gold, cobalt, polonium, and thallium, are widely detected in aquatic ecosystems globally. Although their origin may be natural, human activities significantly elevate their environmental concentrations. Metals, renowned pollutants, threaten various organisms, particularly crustaceans. Due to their feeding habits and habitat, crustaceans are highly exposed to contaminants and are considered a crucial link in xenobiotic transfer through the food chain. Moreover, crustaceans absorb metals via their gills, crucial pathways for metal uptake in water. This review summarises the adverse effects of well-studied metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, Hg, Zn, Ni, Cr, As, Co) and synthesizes knowledge on the toxicity of less-studied metals (Ag, Ga, In, Au, Pl, Tl), their presence in waters, and impact on crustaceans. Bibliometric analysis underscores the significance of this topic. In general, the toxic effects of the examined metals can decrease survival rates by inducing oxidative stress, disrupting biochemical balance, causing histological damage, interfering with endocrine gland function, and inducing cytotoxicity. Metal exposure can also result in genotoxicity, reduced reproduction, and mortality. Despite current toxicity knowledge, there remains a research gap in this field, particularly concerning the toxicity of rare earth metals, presenting a potential future challenge.
Journal Article
Monitoring of essential and heavy metals in green tea from different geographical origins
The present study measured the concentrations of toxic metals (Cd, Pb) and other elements (Ca, K, Mg, Na, P, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu, Co, Cr, Ni) in tea leaves and their infusions. The total metal contents were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. Phosphorus concentration was determined using an ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometer. Assessment of the mineral composition enabled determination of the leaching percentage and the risk of exceeding provisional tolerable weekly intake for Cd through daily tea consumption. The concentrations of bioelements were analyzed based on the recommended daily intake values for each. According to recently established standards, green tea was found to be a rich source of Mn. The average Pb and Cd levels in a 200-mL beverage were 0.002 and 0.003 mg, respectively. Indian teas had the highest percentage of Cd leaching (43.8 %) and Chinese tea had the lowest (9.41 %). Multivariate analysis techniques such as factor analysis and cluster analysis were used to differentiate samples according to geographical origin (China, India, or Japan). Potassium, P, Mn, Fe, Cu, Co, and Cd were effective descriptors for the identification of tea samples from China, India, and Japan.
Journal Article
Anthropogenic influence on groundwater metal toxicity and risk to human health assessment in Umaria coalfield of Madhya Pradesh, India
Metal toxicity in groundwater surrounding coal mines is a major concern because it may pose a significant risk to human health of the local populace. The present study investigated Al, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, Sr, and Zn concentrations in the groundwater of Umaria coalfields during the post-monsoon season and pre-monsoon season. The study was carried out to investigate the spatial and temporal variation of the metals in the groundwater along with statistical source identification of the metals and assessment of human health risks due to intake of the metals through the groundwater. The metals of concern were Al, Fe and Mn, which exceeded the Indian drinking water quality standards in 26%, 38% and 12% of samples in the post-monsoon season and 38%, 40% and 14% of samples in the pre-monsoon season. A marked decrease in metal concentrations in the post-monsoon season was also observed, which may be attributed to the dilution effect associated with the heavy rainfall during the monsoon season. Principal component analysis used to identify contamination sources of the metals indicated geogenic attributes, coal mining activities and vehicular load as the sources of the metals in the groundwater. The human health risk assessment suggested considerable risk to the local populace using the groundwater for drinking purposes. The probable health risk, as suggested by the Hazard Index, depicted a higher risk to the child population as opposed to the adults. The Hazard Index for the child population was greater than unity in 60% and 76% of the samples in the post- and pre-monsoon seasons, respectively, suggesting a significant risk of metal exposure from groundwater intake. The study also suggested that ingestion was the primary exposure pathway and risk due to dermal exposure was trivial. The carcinogenic risk due to As and Cr were within the acceptable limits except for one location each for As and Cr. The present study suggests a potential non-carcinogenic human health risk due to groundwater intake; hence, the study area needs routine groundwater quality monitoring.
Journal Article
Metals and trace element concentrations in breast milk of first time healthy mothers: a biological monitoring study
Background
Breast milk is the best source of nutrition for the newborn infant. However, since all infants cannot be breast-fed, there is a need for background data for setting adequate daily intakes. Previously, concentration data on major essential elements and some toxic elements in breast milk, based on different analytical techniques, have been published. There is no recent study on a large number of metals and trace elements in breast milk, using a sensitive analytical method for determination of low element concentrations.
Methods
Breast milk concentrations of 32 metals and elements in early lactation (days 14-21) were determined in a random sample of first time Swedish mothers (n = 60) using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS).
Results
There were small inter-individual concentration variations in the macroelements Ca, K, Mg, P and S, and striking similarities across studies and over time, supporting a tight regulation of these elements in breast milk. Large inter-individual and over time differences were detected for Na concentrations, which may reflect an increase in salt consumption in Swedish women. Large inter-individual differences were also detected for the microelements Co, Cr, Mn and Mo, and the toxic metals As, Cd, Pb, Sb and V. Arsenic and B were positively correlated with fish consumption, indicating influence of maternal intake on breast milk concentrations. Observed differences in breast milk element concentrations across studies and over time could be attributed to the timing of sampling and a general decline over time of lactation (Cu, Fe, Mo, Zn), a possible lack of regulation of certain elements in breast milk (As, B, Co, Mn, Se) and time trends in environmental exposure (Pb), or in some cases to differences in analytical performance (Cr, Fe).
Conclusions
This study provides reliable updated information on a number of metals and elements in breast milk, of which some have not previously been reported.
Journal Article
Potentially toxic metals, source apportionment, meteorological impacts and health risks assessment of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) over Ilorin, Nigeria
Air pollution is a growing global concern due to harmful constituents like potentially toxic metals (PTMs), which can attach to particles such as dust, soot, and secondary aerosols, increasing their toxicity. This study assessed the seasonal variation, source apportionment, meteorological patterns, and health risks associated with PTMs (V, Mn, Cd, Cr, Fe, Zn, Ni, As, Co, Cu, Pb) in PM₂.₅ over Ilorin, Nigeria. PM
2.5
data for 2019 were obtained from the SPARTAN network at the University of Ilorin and processed for analysis. Results showed that PTM concentrations—particularly Fe, Zn, Cr, Pb, and Co, were significantly higher during the dry season. Cu and Cd also contributed to observed seasonal variations. PMF showed that the sources of pollutant were crustal, industrial sources, secondary inorganic, and biomass burning. EF showed that Cu, Pb, As had values that were between 10 and 100 indicating that they were from both crustal and anthropogenic sources. Cd and Zn had values of 953.27 and 217.87 respectively, which were greater than 100 indicating that they were from industrial sources. Finally, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, had values of 6.05, 1.97, 2.47, 1.00, and 5.28 respectively, which indicates that they were majorly from crustal sources. The Health risk assessment (non-cancer risk) via inhalation revealed a high hazard index (HI = 99.12), mainly from Fe (66.48) and Zn (31.76). Monte Carlo simulation for cancer risk (CR) indicated Cr and As as the highest contributors via inhalation (7.06E-05 and 2.84E-06), while Ni posed the greatest risk via dermal exposure (3.20E-05). These findings highlight significant health concerns associated with airborne PTMs and the need for targeted air quality management, particularly during the dry season.
Journal Article
Spatial distribution of elements, environmental effects, and economic potential of waste from the Aksu ferroalloy plant Kazakhstan
The utilization or secondary use of technogenic waste is a relevant problem for the current economy. To assess the environmental influence and economic potential, it is necessary to study the elemental content of technogenic objects and to reveal the tendencies of the spatial distribution of elements, components, and indices such as the pollution coefficient. In this study, we performed elemental analysis, and calculation of indicators: average gross content, hazard quotients, concentration coefficients of metals, and total pollution coefficients of ground samples taken from the ash-slag storage of the Aksu ferroalloy plant [Aksu, Pavlodar region, Kazakhstan]. Maps of the spatial distribution of concentrations of elements and total pollution coefficients were created. The territory of the studied ash-slag storage by the level of soil contamination should be considered as an environmental disaster zone. The given statistical data on the number of oncological and respiratory diseases indirectly indicated the negative influence of open storage of ash-slag waste. The studied ground was of chromium-manganese geochemical specialization. The calculated volume of the accumulated waste mass by the approximating method was 1 054 638.0 m 3 . The calculated approximate weight of the accumulated waste was 23 679 576.0864 tons, including 1 822 972.2 tons of chromium, 1 727 354.0 tons of manganese, and 953 813.3 tons of iron. The large amounts of valuable components retained in the waste mass led us to conclude that the studied technogenic object can be considered as a secondary field to produce various technological products. Moreover, valuable metals can be extracted as metal concentrates.
Journal Article
Trace metal distributions in the sediments from river-reservoir systems: case of the Congo River and Lake Ma Vallée, Kinshasa (Democratic Republic of Congo)
The contamination of drinking water resources by toxic metals is a major problem in many parts of the world, particularly in dense populated areas of developing countries that lack wastewater treatment facilities. The present study characterizes the recent evolution with time of some contaminants deposited in the Congo River and Lake Ma Vallée, both located in the vicinity of the large city of Kinshasa, capital of Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Physicochemical parameters including grain size distribution, organic matter and trace element concentrations were measured in sediment cores sampled from Congo River (
n
= 3) and Lake Ma Vallée (
n
= 2). The maximum concentration of trace elements in sediment profiles was found in the samples from the sites of Pool Malebo, with the values of 107.2, 111.7, 88.6, 39.3, 15.4, 6.1 and 4.7 mg kg
−1
for Cr, Ni, Zn, Cu, Pb, As and Hg, respectively. This site, which is characterized by intense human activities, is especially well known for the construction of numerous boats that are used for regular navigation on Congo River. Concerning Lake Ma Vallée, the concentration of all metals are generally low, with maximum values of 26.3, 53.6, 16.1, 15.3, 6.5 and 1.8 mg kg
−1
for Cr, Ni, Zn, Cu, Pb and As, respectively. However, the comparison of the metal profiles retrieved from the different sampled cores also reveals specific variations. The results of this study point out the sediment pollution by toxic metals in the Congo River Basin. This research presents useful tools for the evaluation of sediment contamination of river–reservoir systems.
Journal Article
Human health risk assessment of metals and metalloid in food crops harvested from crude oil impacted community in Niger Delta, Nigeria
This study evaluated the human health risks associated with consuming food crops contaminated with metals and metalloids in a crude oil–impacted area of the Niger Delta, Nigeria. A total of 48 composite samples (12 each of yam, cassava, cocoyam, and waterleaf) were collected from the Ibaa community and its Right-of-Way (ROW) zone. Edible portions were acid-digested (HNO₃/HClO₄, 3:1) and analyzed for As, Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn using Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (GF-AAS; Hitachi Z-2000, Tokyo, Japan). Quality assurance included reagent blanks, certified reference materials, and spike recoveries, with recoveries of 92–107%, RSD < 5%, and detection limits of 1.73 µg/L (Pb), 0.02 µg/L (Cd, Cu, Zn), and 2.0 µg/L (As). Mean concentrations (mg/kg) in crops from the ROW were Pb: 0.0028–0.0118, As: 0.0002–0.0030, Cd: 0.0008–0.0027, Cu: 7.99–9.37, and Zn: 16.17–77.51, while control samples showed significantly lower levels. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) indicated two dominant contamination sources: anthropogenic Pb–Cd inputs from petroleum activities and Cu from agrochemical use. Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) revealed higher exposure in children, with maximum values for Zn (7.9 × 10
-1
mg/kg/day), Cu (1.0 × 10
-1
), and As (9.5 × 10
-5
) in cocoyam. Target Hazard Quotients (THQ) for Zn and Cu in children exceeded unity, and the Hazard Index (HI) peaked at 5.5 for cocoyam, surpassing the USEPA safety threshold (HI > 1). Total Lifetime Cancer Risk (TLCR) for As reached 1.5 × 10
-4
, exceeding the acceptable limit (1 × 10
-4
). These findings demonstrate significant non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks, particularly for children consuming food crops from petroleum-exposed soils. Enhanced regulatory oversight, phytoremediation, and continuous biomonitoring are strongly recommended to mitigate dietary exposure in oil-impacted communities.
Journal Article