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Corpus-Based Approaches to Metaphor and Metonymy
The series publishes state-of-the-art work on core areas of linguistics across theoretical frameworks as well as studies that provide new insights by building bridges to neighbouring fields such as neuroscience and cognitive science. The series considers itself a forum for cutting-edge research based on solid empirical data on language in its various manifestations, including sign languages. It regards linguistic variation in its synchronic and diachronic dimensions as well as in its social contexts as important sources of insight for a better understanding of the design of linguistic systems and the ecology and evolution of language.
eBook
Computer Interpretation of Metaphoric Phrases
The computational approach of this book is aimed at simulating the human ability to understand various kinds of phrases with a novel metaphoric component. That is, interpretations of metaphor as literal paraphrases are based on literal meanings of the metaphorically used words. This method distinguishes itself from statistical approaches, which in general do not account for novel usages, and from efforts directed at metaphor constrained to one type of phrase or to a single topic domain. The more interesting and novel metaphors appear to be based on concepts generally represented as nouns, since such concepts can be understood from a variety of perspectives. The core of the process of interpreting nominal concepts is to represent them in such a way that readers or hearers can infer which aspect(s) of the nominal concept is likely to be intended to be applied to its interpretation. These aspects are defined in terms of verbal and adjectival predicates. A section on the representation and processing of part-sentence verbal metaphor will therefore also serve as preparation for the representation of salient aspects of metaphorically used nouns. As the ability to process metaphorically used verbs and nouns facilitates the interpretation of more complex tropes, computational analysis of two other kinds of metaphorically based expressions are outlined: metaphoric compound nouns, such as \"idea factory\" and, together with the representation of inferences, modified metaphoric idioms, such as \"Put the cat back into the bag\".
eBook
Political metaphor analysis : discourse and scenarios
This book explores the cognitively-oriented approach tometaphor studies, comparing it critically to other contemporary paradigms ofmetaphor in meaning. It incorporates cutting edge empirical data.In both semantics and cognitive linguistics, metaphor has gained central statusover the past decades, chiefly on account of Lakoff and Johnson's 1980 book Metaphors We Live By, which has become astandard point of reference.Rather than advocating a 'pick and mix' combination of cognitive attitudes withtheory and data from other paradigms, the book argues for the methodologicallyreflective comparison of theory traditions and acknowledgement of theirstrengths and weaknesses. This criticalreflection on metaphor is an essential read for students of metaphor at anadvanced undergraduate or postgraduate level. Each chapter outlines areas for further reading and research, and thebook is built around data drawn from a multilingual research corpus ofmetaphors compiled from existing research, other corpora and internet data.
eBook
Metaphor and Corpus Linguistics
Metaphor is a topical issue across a number of disciplines, wherever researchers are concerned with how speakers and writers package and process messages. This book is addressed at readers from diverse academic backgrounds who are interested in ways of researching metaphor from different perspectives, and especially through corpus linguistics. A number of approaches to and exploitations of metaphor, including conceptual metaphor theory and cognitive approaches more generally, text and spoken discourse analysis, and CDA, are discussed, explored and critiqued using corpus data. The book also includes corpus linguistic studies of different aspects of metaphor, which investigate its linguistic and semantic properties and relate them to current theoretical views. The book demonstrates the need for naturally-occurring language data to be used in the development of metaphor theory, and shows the value of corpus data and techniques in this work.
eBook
A survey on computational metaphor processing techniques: from identification, interpretation, generation to application
Metaphors are figurative expressions frequently appearing daily. Given its significance in downstream natural language processing tasks such as machine translation and sentiment analysis, computational metaphor processing has led to an upsurge in the community. The progress of Artificial Intelligence has incentivized several technological tools and frameworks in this domain. This article aims to comprehensively summarize and categorize previous computational metaphor processing approaches regarding metaphor identification, interpretation, generation, and application. Though studies on metaphor identification have made significant progress, metaphor understanding, conceptual metaphor processing, and metaphor generation still need in-depth analysis. We hope to identify future directions for prospective researchers based on comparing the strengths and weaknesses of the previous works.
Journal Article
Conceptual metaphors influence memory automatically: Evidence from a divided attention false memory task
Previous research has found that reading a list of ostensibly unrelated expressions based on the same underlying conceptual metaphor can evoke false recognition on a memory task for new expressions that use the same metaphor, the so-called conceptual metaphor false memory effect. We examined the automaticity of this effect by dividing participants’ attention with a concurrent task. In Study 1, attention was manipulated while participants read the lists of expressions, whereas in Study 2, attention was manipulated both when they read the lists and when they were engaged in the later recognition memory test. Across both studies, the conceptual metaphor false memory effect was observed when conscious processing was limited by dividing attention. These data support the argument that conceptual metaphors are automatically activated when metaphorical expressions are read.
Journal Article
Data as oil, infrastructure or asset? Three metaphors of data as economic value
Purpose
Principled discussions on the economic value of data are frequently pursued through metaphors. This study aims to explore three influential metaphors for talking about the economic value of data: data are the new oil, data as infrastructure and data as an asset.
Design/methodology/approach
With the help of conceptual metaphor theory, various meanings surrounding the three metaphors are explored. Meanings clarified or hidden through various metaphors are identified. Specific emphasis is placed on the economic value of ownership of data.
Findings
In discussions on data as economic resource, the three different metaphors are used for separate purposes. The most used metaphor, data are the new oil, communicates that ownership of data could lead to great wealth. However, with data as infrastructure data have no intrinsic value. Therefore, profits generated from data resources belong to those processing the data, not those owning it. The data as an asset metaphor can be used to convince organizational leadership that they own data of great value.
Originality/value
This is the first scholarly investigation of metaphors communicating economic value of data. More studies in this area appear urgent, given the power of such metaphors, as well as the increasing importance of data in economics.
Journal Article
Incidental Haptic Sensations Influence Social Judgments and Decisions
Touch is both the first sense to develop and a critical means of information acquisition and environmental manipulation. Physical touch experiences may create an ontological scaffold for the development of intrapersonal and interpersonal conceptual and metaphorical knowledge, as well as a springboard for the application of this knowledge. In six experiments, holding heavy or light clipboards, solving rough or smooth puzzles, and touching hard or soft objects nonconsciously influenced impressions and decisions formed about unrelated people and situations. Among other effects, heavy objects made job candidates appear more important, rough objects made social interactions appear more difficult, and hard objects increased rigidity in negotiations. Basic tactile sensations are thus shown to influence higher social cognitive processing in dimension-specific and metaphor-specific ways.
Journal Article