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Methane is a powerful greenhouse gas and is estimated to be responsible for approximately one-fifth of man-made global warming. Per kilogram, it is 25 times more powerful than carbon dioxide over a 100-year time horizon -- and global warming is likely to enhance methane release from a number of sources. Current natural and man-made sources include many where methane-producing micro-organisms can thrive in anaerobic conditions, particularly ruminant livestock, rice cultivation, landfill, wastewater, wetlands and marine sediments. This timely and authoritative book provides the only comprehensive and balanced overview of our current knowledge of sources of methane and how these might be controlled to limit future climate change. It describes how methane is derived from the anaerobic metabolism of micro-organisms, whether in wetlands or rice fields, manure, landfill or wastewater, or the digestive systems of cattle and other ruminant animals. It highlights how sources of methane might themselves be affected by climate change. It is shown how numerous point sources of methane have the potential to be more easily addressed than sources of carbon dioxide and therefore contribute significantly to climate change mitigation in the 21st century.

Methane Emissions from Unique Wetlands in China: Case Studies, Meta Analyses and Modelling is a landmark volume in the development of studies about methane emission from wetlands. Although there are books about methane emissions from rice paddies, natural wetlands and reservoirs, this book is the first one that provides information about methane emission from wetlands in China. Moreover, the book picks up very unique wetlands, alpine wetlands on the eastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, and Three Gorges Reservoir (the world's largest hydroelectric reservoir) as cases to study methane emissions. It reviews and meta-analyses methane emissions from rice paddies, natural wetlands and lakes in China during the past twenty years. Furthermore, this book acts as bridge to connect microbial ecology and modelling: it both describes methane-producing bacteria dynamics and methane emission modelling.

\"Methane is a powerful greenhouse gas and is estimated to be responsible for approximately one-fifth of man-made global warming. Per kilogram, it is 25 times more powerful than carbon dioxide over a 100-year time horizon -- and global warming is likely to enhance methane release from a number of sources. Current natural and man-made sources include many where methane-producing micro-organisms can thrive in anaerobic conditions, particularly ruminant livestock, rice cultivation, landfill, wastewater, wetlands and marine sediments. This timely and authoritative book provides the only comprehensive and balanced overview of our current knowledge of sources of methane and how these might be controlled to limit future climate change. It describes how methane is derived from the anaerobic metabolism of micro-organisms, whether in wetlands or rice fields, manure, landfill or wastewater, or the digestive systems of cattle and other ruminant animals. It highlights how sources of methane might themselves be affected by climate change. It is shown how numerous point sources of methane have the potential to be more easily addressed than sources of carbon dioxide and therefore contribute significantly to climate change mitigation in the 21st century.\"--Publisher's description.

Available as eBook only.  Methane (CH4) production from sewers is a suspected, yet relatively undocumented source of greenhouse gases (GHGs).The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) published the \"2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories\" which states that \"In most developed countries and in high-income urban.

In this brilliant account,journalist and energy expert Paddy Manning unpicks the coal seam gas extractionstory, visiting drill sites, boardrooms, pipelines, parliamentary offices andangry farm-gate protests. It seems that coal seam gas extraction may be oneboom that's happening too fast.

In a world where there is a growing awareness of the possible effects of human activities on climate change, there is a need to identify the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG) from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs).    As a result of this growing awareness, governments started to implement regulations that require water authorities to report their GHG emissions. With these developments there exists a strong need for adequate insight into the emissions of N2O and CH4. With this insight water authorities would be able to estimate and finally reduce their emissions. The overall objectives of the different research programs  performed by partners of the GWRC members WERF (United States of America), WSAA (Australia), CIRSEE-Suez (France) and STOWA (the Netherlands) were:  * To define the origin of N2O emission.  * To understand the formation processes of N2O. * To identify the level of CH4 emissions from wastewater collection and treatment systems.  * To evaluate the use of generic emission factors to estimate the emission of N2O from individual plants

There is a new paradigm for evaluating landfills. While landfills are contaminated repositories of hazardous wastes, they also are brownfields that can be redeveloped for renewable energy development. It is possible to view landfills through a new lens: As endowed areas of renewable energy potential that can be magnets for a host of renewable development incentives. Landfills also are critical resource areas for the control of greenhouse gases. Landfill materials decompose into methane, a greenhouse gas that is more than twenty times more potent-molecule for molecule-than carbon dioxide. This article traces the molecular composition of waste in landfills, analyzing the chemical stew that brews in these repositories. Without doubt, landfills in America are brownfields. And many of these landfills leak and cause public health risks. This article also analyzes the potential to utilize landfill gas for electricity production or as a thermal resource. It evaluates the energy potential at municipal sewage treatment plants and the ability to utilize the land at landfills to host wind turbines. The environmental regulatory envelope that surrounds landfill operation is explored. Also analyzed are the various incentives that foster renewable energy development and are applicable to landfill brownfields development. These include tax credits, tax-preferenced financing, renewable energy credits under state renewable portfolio standard (RPS) systems in twenty-two states, and direct renewable trust fund subsidies in sixteen states, as well as net metering available in forty states. Finally, creative techniques to mitigate derivative environmental liability under Superfund, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), and similar state laws that can accompany energy operations at a landfill, are suggested.

The potential consequences for mankind could be disastrous due to global warming, which arises from an increase in the average temperature on Earth. The elevation in temperature primarily stems from the escalation in the concentration of greenhouse gases (GHG) such as CO 2 , CH 4 , and N 2 O within the atmosphere. Among these gases, methane (CH 4 ) is particularly significant in driving alterations to the worldwide climate. Methanotrophic bacteria possess the distinctive ability to employ methane as both as source of carbon and energy. These bacteria show great potential as exceptional biocatalysts in advancing C1 bioconversion technology. The present review describes recent findings in methanotrophs including aerobic and anaerobic methanotroph bacteria, phenotypic characteristics, biotechnological potential, their physiology, ecology, and native multi-carbon utilizing pathways, and their molecular biology. The existing understanding of methanogenesis and methanotrophy in soil, as well as anaerobic methane oxidation and methanotrophy in temperate and extreme environments, is also covered in this discussion. New types of methanogens and communities of methanotrophic bacteria have been identified from various ecosystems and thoroughly examined for a range of biotechnological uses. Grasping the processes of methanogenesis and methanotrophy holds significant importance in the development of innovative agricultural techniques and industrial procedures that contribute to a more favorable equilibrium of GHG. This current review centers on the diversity of emerging methanogen and methanotroph species and their effects on the environment. By amalgamating advanced genetic analysis with ecological insights, this study pioneers a holistic approach to unraveling the biopotential of methanotrophs, offering unprecedented avenues for biotechnological applications. Key points • The physiology of methanotrophic bacteria is fundamentally determined. • Native multi-carbon utilizing pathways in methanotrophic bacteria are summarized. • The genes responsible for encoding methane monooxygenase are discussed.

Methane is a powerful greenhouse gas and is targeted for emissions mitigation by the US state of California and other jurisdictions worldwide 1 , 2 . Unique opportunities for mitigation are presented by point-source emitters—surface features or infrastructure components that are typically less than 10 metres in diameter and emit plumes of highly concentrated methane 3 . However, data on point-source emissions are sparse and typically lack sufficient spatial and temporal resolution to guide their mitigation and to accurately assess their magnitude 4 . Here we survey more than 272,000 infrastructure elements in California using an airborne imaging spectrometer that can rapidly map methane plumes 5 – 7 . We conduct five campaigns over several months from 2016 to 2018, spanning the oil and gas, manure-management and waste-management sectors, resulting in the detection, geolocation and quantification of emissions from 564 strong methane point sources. Our remote sensing approach enables the rapid and repeated assessment of large areas at high spatial resolution for a poorly characterized population of methane emitters that often appear intermittently and stochastically. We estimate net methane point-source emissions in California to be 0.618 teragrams per year (95 per cent confidence interval 0.523–0.725), equivalent to 34–46 per cent of the state’s methane inventory 8 for 2016. Methane ‘super-emitter’ activity occurs in every sector surveyed, with 10 per cent of point sources contributing roughly 60 per cent of point-source emissions—consistent with a study of the US Four Corners region that had a different sectoral mix 9 . The largest methane emitters in California are a subset of landfills, which exhibit persistent anomalous activity. Methane point-source emissions in California are dominated by landfills (41 per cent), followed by dairies (26 per cent) and the oil and gas sector (26 per cent). Our data have enabled the identification of the 0.2 per cent of California’s infrastructure that is responsible for these emissions. Sharing these data with collaborating infrastructure operators has led to the mitigation of anomalous methane-emission activity 10 . Emission of methane from ‘point sources’—small surface features or infrastructure components—is monitored with an airborne spectrometer, identifying possible targets for mitigation efforts.