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The first practical guide to research methods in memory studies. This book provides expert appraisals of a range of techniques and approaches in memory studies, and focuses on methods and methodology as a way to help bring unity and coherence to this new field of study.

An accessible and contemporary introduction to the methods for determining cause and effect in the social sciences Causal inference encompasses the tools that allow social scientists to determine what causes what. Economists-who generally can't run controlled experiments to test and validate their hypotheses-apply these tools to observational data to make connections. In a messy world, causal inference is what helps establish the causes and effects of the actions being studied, whether the impact (or lack thereof) of increases in the minimum wage on employment, the effects of early childhood education on incarceration later in life, or the introduction of malaria nets in developing regions on economic growth. Scott Cunningham introduces students and practitioners to the methods necessary to arrive at meaningful answers to the questions of causation, using a range of modeling techniques and coding instructions for both the R and Stata programming languages.

The last 46 years have witnessed a deep and continued interest in information literacy. This interest has resulted in an extensive range of research being undertaken and a burgeoning corpus of literature created by academic researchers, library practitioners and other researchers who explore information literacy through their own disciplinary lens. The Qualitative Landscape of Information Literacy Research is a landmark publication that will develop and support readers' understanding of how information literacy research and teaching is framed, developed and produced. Written by a leading expert in the field, it introduces and describes the key approaches taken by qualitative researchers, identifying core and specialist methods, techniques and theories. In each chapter, examples will illustrate how theory, types of pedagogical frameworks, methods and tools have been used. Coverage includes: theory and key concepts of information literacy social theory framework and their application to information literacy research exploration of the pedagogical frameworks that inform information literacy a range of qualitative methods that shape information literacy research data collection techniques research design. This book will be valuable to researchers in information literacy, students who are developing or undertaking research or simply interested in identifying approaches to information literacy and practitioners who want to investigate the practice of information literacy to create an evidence base to support information literacy in their workplaces or institutions.

Volume 38C features a symposium on the economic thought of Sir James Steuart. In addition, the volume contains new general-research essays on Milton Friedman's 1975 visit to Chile, Keynes and Pigou on employment and equilibrium, and a brief correspondence between Karl Popper and Leonard Savage.

Chemistry is often seen as a difficult subject to understand. This book focusses on the triangle model that Alex H. Johnstone developed in the early 1980s. The model has been applied in almost every area of education in chemistry at all stages of learning.

Part of SAGE’s new Mastering Business Research Methods series, conceived and edited by Bill Lee, Mark N. K. Saunders and Vadake K. Narayanan. The series is designed to support business and management students with their research-based dissertations by providing in-depth and practical guidance on using a chosen method of data collection or analysis. The books are written in a concise and accessible way, and contain a range of features, including checklists and a glossary, designed to support self-guided research. In Designing Research Questionnaires, Yuksel Ekinci guides you through origins, types of questionnaire, basic components, types of questions and properties of measurement scales, how to design a questionnaire, sequence of questions, layout decisions and pilot testing, examples and strengths and limitations. View the complete list of new and forthcoming Mastering Business Research Methods series

The structures of many natural products are given in standard textbooks on organic chemistry as 'established facts'. Yet for those natural products whose structures were determined between 1860 and 1960 by classical chemical methods, the lines of evidence are frequently buried under any number of investigations that led to dead ends and to revised structure assignments. Since very little is known about the structure clarification of these products at present, this volume serves to shed light once again on the achievements of previous generations of chemists, who worked with minimal experimental tools. The selection of the 25 representative examples is subjective and arbitrary, dictated by the author's pleasure in recovering fundamental milestones in organic chemistry, with each chapter devoted to one organic compound. The time period covered, however, is more precisely defined: 1860 represents the advent of structure theory, prior to which there was no conceptual framework to address the 'structure' of a compound. One hundred years later, 1960 approximately marks the change from classical structure elucidation to the era in which structure elucidation is mainly based on spectroscopic evidence and X-ray crystallography. Since the emphasis of this work is on classical structure elucidation, work performed later than 1960 is only considered in exceptional cases. Rather than simply provide a history of structure elucidation of particular natural products, the author combines results from historic experiments to trace a line of evidence for those structures that are nowadays accepted as established. This line of evidence may follow the path put forward by the original contributors, yet in some cases the experimental facts have been combined to form another, hopefully shorter, line of evidence. As a result, readers are able to ascertain for themselves the 'facts behind the established structure assignments' of a number of important natural products.

Volume 39A features a selection of essays presented at the 2019 Conference of the Latin American Society for the History of Economic Thought, edited by Felipe Almeida and Carlos Eduardo Suprinyak, as well as a new general-research essay by Daniel Kuehn, an archival discovery by Katia Caldari and Luca Fiorito, and a book review by John Hall.

During fatigue life prognosis, a crack is assumed, which will eventually grow and lead to the catastrophic failure of the metallic component. This represents a complex challenge due to uncertainties associated with the material’s mechanical properties, loading conditions, and the surrounding environment. This study presents a novel methodology to quantify the uncertainties of the stochastic process “crack size” in variable amplitude loading, applied to the Generalized Willenborg model. The approach combines random variable modeling, Monte Carlo simulation, and the Fast Crack Bounds (FCB) method to estimate the statistical moments efficiently. The absence of prior studies applying the FCB methodology to variable amplitude crack growth models highlights the originality of the present contribution, which introduces a framework for uncertainty quantification under realistic loading conditions. The proposed framework was evaluated using the classical Example of an edge-cracked plate under tension, based on linear elastic fracture mechanics. The results demonstrate that the method achieves computational gains of at least 516% compared to the fourth-order Runge–Kutta (RK4) approach, with deviations limited to 35.45%. This contribution advances fatigue analysis by enabling probabilistic predictions with reduced computational cost, offering potential benefits for the design and maintenance of mechanical and structural components.

Cet ouvrage s'intéresse aux rôles de l'écriture en tant que processus constitutif d'un autre processus : celui de la recherche interprétative, qualitative et critique et des formes que peut prendre l'implication des chercheur(e)s dans ces processus infiniment emboîtés. Il met en perspective les façons dont des chercheur(e)s en sciences humaines se saisissent de l'écriture pour penser et fabriquer la recherche, être chercheur(e), et, inversement, comment l'écriture contribue à les instituer comme chercheur(e)s...