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"Mexikaner."
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Ex Mex : from migrants to immigrants
This book was written for all levels of readers interested in immigration issues, from general to expert. It provides a current, well-informed, and solidly grounded Mexican perspective on Mexican immigration to the U.S. Topics addressed include the current generation of immigrants, why they have chosen to move to the U.S., where they work, their ultimate goals, and possible ways to address the multiple concerns about the continuing immigration of Mexicans to the U.S.
Book
Immigrants Equilibrate Local Labor Markets: Evidence from the Great Recession
This paper demonstrates that low-skilled Mexican-born immigrants' location choices respond strongly to changes in local labor demand, which helps equalize spatial differences in employment outcomes for low-skilled native workers. We leverage the substantial geographic variation in labor demand during the Great Recession to identify migration responses to local shocks and find that low-skilled Mexican-born immigrants respond much more strongly than low-skilled natives. Further, Mexican mobility reduced the incidence of local demand shocks on natives, such that those living in metro areas with a substantial Mexican-born population experienced a roughly 50 percent weaker relationship between local shocks and local employment probabilities.
Journal Article
MIGRATION AND FINANCIAL CONSTRAINTS: EVIDENCE FROM MEXICO
This paper shows that poor households' entitlement to an exogenous, temporary, but guaranteed income stream increases Mexican migration to the United States, although this income is mainly consumed. Some households use the entitlement to this income stream as collateral to finance the migration. The new migrations come from previously constrained individuals and households and worsen migrant skills. In sum, financial constraints to international migration are binding for poor Mexicans, some of whom would like to migrate but cannot afford to. As growth and antipoverty and microfinance programs relax financial constraints for the poor, low-skilled Mexican migration to the United States will likely increase.
Journal Article
Networks in the modern economy: Mexican migrants in the US labor market
This paper attempts to identify job networks among Mexican migrants in the US labor market. The empirical analysis uses data on migration patterns and labor market outcomes, based on a sample of individuals belonging to multiple origin-communities in Mexico, over a long period of time. Each community's network is measured by the proportion of the sampled individuals who are located at the destination (the US) in any year. The paper verifies that the same individual is more likely to be employed and to hold a higher paying nonagricultural job when his network is exogenously larger, by including individual fixed effects in the employment and occupation regressions and by using rainfall in the origin-community as an instrument for the size of the network at the destination.
Journal Article
Tomorrow We're All Going to the Harvest
Intro -- Maps, Figures, and Tables -- Acronyms -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction: Contract Labor Migration in Theory and Practice -- 1. Agricultural Crisis, Migration, and Contract Labor: Tlaxcala, Mexico, and Ontario, Canada -- 2. The Dual Process of Constructing Mexican Contract Workers -- 3. \"Tomorrow We're All Going to the Harvest\": Case Studies of Contract Labor Migration -- 4. Interrogating Racialized Global Labor Supply: Caribbean and Mexican Workers in Canada's SAWP -- 5. The Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program and Mexican Development -- 6. The Political Economy of Contract Labor in Neoliberal North America: Cheap Labor and Organized Labor -- 7. Globalization and Temporary Migrants: Post-National Citizens, Realpolitik, and Disposable Labor Power -- Appendix. The SAWP: Saving the Family Farm or Feeding Corporate Enterprise? -- Notes -- References -- Index.
eBook
New evidence on emigrant selection
This paper examines the extent to which Mexican emigrants to the United States are negatively selected. Previous studies have been limited by the lack of nationally representative longitudinal data. This one uses a newly available household survey, that identifies emigrants before they leave. On average, U.S.-bound Mexican emigrants from 2000 to 2004 earn lower wages and have less (more for females) schooling than nonmigrant Mexicans, evidence of negative selection. This argues against Chiquiar and Hanson's (2005) findings. The discrepancy is primarily due to an undercount of unskilled migrants in U.S. sources and secondarily to the omission of unobservables in their methodology.
Journal Article
Ethnic attrition, assimilation, and the measured health outcomes of Mexican Americans
The literature on immigrant assimilation and intergenerational progress has sometimes reached surprising conclusions, such as the puzzle of immigrant advantage which finds that Hispanic immigrants sometimes have better health than US-born Hispanics. While numerous studies have attempted to explain these patterns, almost all studies rely on subjective measures of ethnic self-identification to identify immigrants’ descendants. This can lead to bias due to “ethnic attrition,” which occurs whenever a US-born descendant of a Hispanic immigrant fails to self-identify as Hispanic. In this paper, we exploit information on parents’ and grandparents’ place of birth to show that Mexican ethnic attrition, operating through intermarriage, is sizable and positively selected on health, making subsequent generations of Mexican immigrants appear less healthy than they actually are. Consequently, conventional estimates of health disparities between Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic whites as well as those between Mexican Americans and recent Mexican immigrants have been significantly overstated.
Journal Article
Drug Violence and Migration Flows
We examine the effect of the increase in violence that Mexico experienced after launching an aggressive campaign against drug-trafficking organizations on immigration into the United States. We instrument for violence using electoral cycles and consider two channels through which violence impacts migration: local and transit violence. Violence at the municipality of residence increased migration. Conversely, violence on the route to the United States deterred individuals from migrating. Back-of-the-envelope calculations show that between 2007 and 2012, local and transit violence had an overall positive effect on migration. Violence was responsible for a 1.53 percentage point increase in the migration rate.
Journal Article
Labor Supply and Directed Technical Change
This paper studies the impact of labor supply on the creation of new technology, exploiting a large exogenous shock to the US agricultural labor supply caused by the termination of the Bracero agreements between the US and Mexico at the end of 1964. Using a text-search algorithm allocating patents to crops, I show a negative labor-supply shock induced a sharp increase in innovation in technologies related to more affected crops. The effect is stronger for technology related to labor-intensive production tasks. Farm-value dynamics indicate that, despite the positive technology reaction, the policy change was undesirable for farm owners.
Journal Article