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"Microbial biotechnology"
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Omics for environmental engineering and microbiology systems
\"Bioremediation using microbes is a sustainable technology for biodegradation of target compounds and OMICS approach gives more clarity on these microbial communities. This book provides insights into the complex behavior of microbial communities and identifies enzymes/metabolites and their degradation pathways. It describes the application of microbes and their derivatives for bioremediation of potentially toxic and novel compounds. It highlights existing technologies along with industrial practices and real-life case studies. Features: Includes recent research and development in the areas of OMICS and microbial bioremediation. Covers the broad environmental pollution control approach such as metagenomics, metabolomics, fluxomics, bioremediation, and biodegradation of industrial wastes. Reviews metagenomics and waste management, and recycling for environmental cleanup. Describes the metagenomic methodologies and best practices, from sample collection to data analysis for taxonomies. Explores various microbial degradation pathways and detoxification mechanisms for organic and inorganic contaminants of wastewater with their gene expression. This book aims at Graduate students and researchers in environmental engineering, soil remediation, hazardous waste management, environmental modeling, and wastewater treatment\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
What makes Yarrowia lipolytica well suited for industry?
Yarrowia lipolytica possesses natural and engineered traits that make it a good host for the industrial bioproduction of chemicals, fuels, foods, and pharmaceuticals. In recent years, academic and industrial researchers have assessed its potential, developed synthetic biology techniques, improved its features, scaled its processes, and identified its limitations. Both publications and patents related to Y. lipolytica have shown a drastic increase during the past decade. Here, we discuss the characteristics of this yeast that make it suitable for industry and the remaining challenges for its wider use at large scale. We present evidence herein that shows the importance and potential of Y. lipolytica in bioproduction such that it may soon be one of the preferred choices of industry.
Selection of the most appropriate microorganism is one of the key aspects for the industrial success of microbial bioprocesses.Yarrowia lipolytica has gained interest as a chassis strain in academia and industry because of its capacity to make products at high yields, use a broad range of substrates, and be genetically amenable.Y. lipolytica has many features that are desired at an industrial scale, such as safety, robustness, efficient and stable genetic modifications, capacity to use a variety of substrates, and ability to grow at very high cell density.To further improve the industrial use of Y. lipolytica, some characteristics must be improved through metabolic engineering, such as the high oxygen requirement, byproduct formation, and excessive foam synthesis.
Journal Article
Microbiology of green fuels
\"A key priority in today's society is the implementation of a sustainable bio-based economy. For such a goal, the production of renewable bioproducts such as biofuels to replace fossil-derived compounds is crucial. In this context, the utilization of microorganisms for the production of biofuels from renewable resources is advantageous in terms of environmental sustainability and it is expected to play an important role in bioeconomy in the near future. In this sense, green fuel synthesis from agro-industrial organic wastes by microorganisms will boost circular economy. The success of the biotechnological biofuel production process requires, however, conversion microorganism capable of both efficiently assimilating the major derived carbon sources and diverting their metabolites towards the specific fuel. This book aims to show recent advances in the production of green fuels by means of microorganisms. Promising processes and microorganisms involved in the biofuel production will be provided and discussed to give and in-depth overview of the state of the art with broad spectrum of microorganisms and biofuels. For the sustainability of green fuel technologies, the book will also address biosafety of different production technologies and, social and political interest in promoting green fuels. These facts make this book very valuable for biofuels companies and scientific community\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Psychrophilic lifestyles: mechanisms of adaptation and biotechnological tools
Cold-adapted microorganisms inhabiting permanently low-temperature environments were initially just a biological curiosity but have emerged as rich sources of numerous valuable tools for application in a broad spectrum of innovative technologies. To overcome the multiple challenges inherent to life in their cold habitats, these microorganisms have developed a diverse array of highly sophisticated synergistic adaptations at all levels within their cells: from cell envelope and enzyme adaptation, to cryoprotectant and chaperone production, and novel metabolic capabilities. Basic research has provided valuable insights into how these microorganisms can thrive in their challenging habitat conditions and into the mechanisms of action of the various adaptive features employed, and such insights have served as a foundation for the knowledge-based development of numerous novel biotechnological tools. In this review, we describe the current knowledge of the adaptation strategies of cold-adapted microorganisms and the biotechnological perspectives and commercial tools emerging from this knowledge. Adaptive features and, where possible, applications, in relation to membrane fatty acids, membrane pigments, the cell wall peptidoglycan layer, the lipopolysaccharide component of the outer cell membrane, compatible solutes, antifreeze and ice-nucleating proteins, extracellular polymeric substances, biosurfactants, chaperones, storage materials such as polyhydroxyalkanoates and cyanophycins and metabolic adjustments are presented and discussed.
Journal Article
Comparative genomic analysis of Planctomycetota potential for polysaccharide degradation identifies biotechnologically relevant microbes
Background
Members of the
Planctomycetota
phylum harbour an outstanding potential for carbohydrate degradation given the abundance and diversity of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) encoded in their genomes. However, mainly members of the
Planctomycetia
class have been characterised up to now, and little is known about the degrading capacities of the other
Planctomycetota
. Here, we present a comprehensive comparative analysis of all available planctomycetotal genome representatives and detail encoded carbohydrolytic potential across phylogenetic groups and different habitats.
Results
Our in-depth characterisation of the available planctomycetotal genomic resources increases our knowledge of the carbohydrolytic capacities of
Planctomycetota
. We show that this single phylum encompasses a wide variety of the currently known CAZyme diversity assigned to glycoside hydrolase families and that many members encode a versatile enzymatic machinery towards complex carbohydrate degradation, including lignocellulose. We highlight members of the
Isosphaerales, Pirellulales, Sedimentisphaerales
and
Tepidisphaerales
orders as having the highest encoded hydrolytic potential of the
Planctomycetota
. Furthermore, members of a yet uncultivated group affiliated to the
Phycisphaerales
order could represent an interesting source of novel lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases to boost lignocellulose degradation. Surprisingly, many
Planctomycetota
from anaerobic digestion reactors encode CAZymes targeting algal polysaccharides – this opens new perspectives for algal biomass valorisation in biogas processes.
Conclusions
Our study provides a new perspective on planctomycetotal carbohydrolytic potential, highlighting distinct phylogenetic groups which could provide a wealth of diverse, potentially novel CAZymes of industrial interest.
Journal Article
(Bio)Technological aspects of microalgae pigments for cosmetics
Photosynthetic microorganisms convert carbon dioxide and solar radiation into interesting bioactive compounds not yet entirely explored. Several species of microalgae are known to be rich in colored high-valuable components that, although remarkable, are poorly explored as natural sources of pigments for cosmetics. Pigments associated to photosynthetic activity include chlorophyll, β-carotene, astaxanthin, xanthophylls, and phycobiliproteins, many of which have shown high potential as cosmetic actives due to their antioxidant, immune-enhancing, and anti-inflammatory properties. In the last decade, concern with a young and beautiful appearance has emerged, encouraging many consumers to use anti-aging cosmetics daily. As a result, the cosmetic market has been growing and evolving rapidly to meet consumer expectations. However, due to regular use and the sensitive nature of facial skin, local adverse reactions may often occur, such as irritation, sensitization, or photoreactions, and safety evaluation is mandatory prior to marketing. It is, therefore, understandable that new actives from natural sources, such as microalgae, are perceived as attractive alternatives for consumers who seek ingredients without allergenic potential. Thus, the cosmetic industry has recently started to explore the inclusion of compounds extracted from microalgae and cyanobacteria in innovative formulations. Herein, we revised nontraditional microalgae species for pigment production with cosmetic applications, indicating those that could also be considered potential ingredients for innovative cosmetics.Key points• Extraction methods for pigments from photosynthetic microorganisms were compiled.• Innovative cosmeceuticals could be developed with natural pigments.• Safety features of such natural pigments were also described.
Journal Article
A giant market and a powerful metabolism: l-lysine provided by Corynebacterium glutamicum
l
-lysine is made in an exceptional large quantity of currently 2,200,000 tons/year and belongs therefore to one of the leading biotechnological products. Production is done almost exclusively with mutants of
Corynebacterium glutamicum
. The increasing
l
-lysine market forces companies to improve the production process fostering also a deeper understanding of the microbial physiology of
C. glutamicum
. Current major challenges are the identification of ancillary mutations not intuitively related with product increase. This review gives insights on how cellular characteristics enable to push the carbon flux in metabolism towards its theoretical maximum, and this example may also serve as a guide to achieve and increase the formation of other products of interest in microbial biotechnology.
Journal Article
Fermentation of plant‐based dairy alternatives by lactic acid bacteria
Summary Ethical, environmental and health concerns around dairy products are driving a fast‐growing industry for plant‐based dairy alternatives, but undesirable flavours and textures in available products are limiting their uptake into the mainstream. The molecular processes initiated during fermentation by lactic acid bacteria in dairy products is well understood, such as proteolysis of caseins into peptides and amino acids, and the utilisation of carbohydrates to form lactic acid and exopolysaccharides. These processes are fundamental to developing the flavour and texture of fermented dairy products like cheese and yoghurt, yet how these processes work in plant‐based alternatives is poorly understood. With this knowledge, bespoke fermentative processes could be engineered for specific food qualities in plant‐based foods. This review will provide an overview of recent research that reveals how fermentation occurs in plant‐based milk, with a focus on how differences in plant proteins and carbohydrate structure affect how they undergo the fermentation process. The practical aspects of how this knowledge has been used to develop plant‐based cheeses and yoghurts is also discussed. The mechanisms of fermentation by lactic acid bacteria are reviewed in relation to plant‐based dairy alternatives. Particular attention is paid to proteolytic and carbohydrate metabolism systems, and how these have been studied in plant‐based dairy alternative products is discussed.
Journal Article