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Leukemia is a type of cancer that affects the body's blood-forming tissue, where the bone marrow produces an excessive amount of abnormal white blood cells (WBCs) that do not function properly. The diagnosis of leukemia is typically done by a trained expert who visually observes unique features and determines the type of cancer. However, digital image processing techniques have been improving in the healthcare system, particularly in diagnosing different types of diseases and helping doctors make treatment decisions. This paper presents a system for detecting leukemia in blood microscopic images and classifying them as normal or abnormal (with leukemia) automatically. Two main techniques were used: counting the number of WBCs around red blood cells (RBCs) and measuring the average area of WBCs around a bounding box around each cell. The classification accuracy was calculated at 91.7 and 88.8% for the two techniques, respectively. These techniques can be used as features in machine learning applications, and the system presented is faster and more efficient than traditional diagnostic processes used in hospitals.

Background Collagen fibers play an important role in tumor initiation, progression, and invasion. Our previous research has already shown that large-scale tumor-associated collagen signatures (TACS) are powerful prognostic biomarkers independent of clinicopathological factors in invasive breast cancer. However, they are observed on a macroscale and are more suitable for identifying high-risk patients. It is necessary to investigate the effect of the corresponding microscopic features of TACS so as to more accurately and comprehensively predict the prognosis of breast cancer patients. Methods In this retrospective and multicenter study, we included 942 invasive breast cancer patients in both a training cohort ( n = 355) and an internal validation cohort ( n = 334) from one clinical center and in an external validation cohort ( n = 253) from a different clinical center. TACS corresponding microscopic features (TCMFs) were firstly extracted from multiphoton images for each patient, and then least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was applied to select the most robust features to build a TCMF-score. Finally, the Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to evaluate the association of TCMF-score with disease-free survival (DFS). Results TCMF-score is significantly associated with DFS in univariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis. After adjusting for clinical variables by multivariate Cox regression analysis, the TCMF-score remains an independent prognostic indicator. Remarkably, the TCMF model performs better than the clinical (CLI) model in the three cohorts and is particularly outstanding in the ER-positive and lower-risk subgroups. By contrast, the TACS model is more suitable for the ER-negative and higher-risk subgroups. When the TACS and TCMF are combined, they could complement each other and perform well in all patients. As expected, the full model (CLI+TCMF+TACS) achieves the best performance ( AUC 0.905, [0.873–0.938]; 0.896, [0.860–0.931]; 0.882, [0.840–0.925] in the three cohorts). Conclusion These results demonstrate that the TCMF-score is an independent prognostic factor for breast cancer, and the increased prognostic performance (TCMF+TACS-score) may help us develop more appropriate treatment protocols.

Grinding has become one of the most efficient precision machining methods to treat with undesired machining defects and improve the surface integrity for the hard and brittle engineering ceramics. However, it is inevitable to cause micro-damages and related transformation of microscopic features, which will eventually affect the grinding quality. This paper is devoted to investigate the high-speed grinding microscopic features of silicon carbide ceramics to reveal the application of high-speed grinding technique in precision machining of ceramics. A comparative study of high-speed and conventional speed grinding of silicon carbide ceramics is discussed in terms of phase transformation, residual stresses, micro-damages, grinding chips, and surface topography. The results show that the high-speed grinding (HSG) process could help substantially improve the workpiece integrity in terms of better surface finish, smaller damages, and controlled residual stresses with a higher material removal rate. Moreover, it has also been proved that a polytypic phase transformation could be induced in HSG process.

In view of the issue that current gear dynamics model contains no parameters about tooth surface topography, this paper puts forward an improved nonlinear dynamic model of gear pair with tooth surface microscopic features through revision of the backlash equation by W–M function from fractal theory and combination with the tradition gear torsional model. The model sets up a mathematical relationship between gear dynamic characteristics and surface microscopic parameters such as surface roughness and fractal dimension. Results of the numerical simulations indicate that as surface roughness decreases, meshing stiffness increases and viscous damping rises, the gear dynamic performance tends to be better, which is consistent with the existing research reports. Furthermore, it is found that dropping of fractal dimension is good to improve gear dynamic performance, so gear dynamics can be enhanced by decreasing the fractal dimension if surface roughness is set or cannot be decreased anymore. Moreover, it is also shown that initial backlash has little impact on the rule of gear dynamics response but influences the size of start-up or stop shock. Finally, the model is validated by a series of simulations and comparison with experimental data and existing model. The theory here opens up a mathematical methodology to analyze gear dynamics with respect to tooth surface microscopic features, which lays a theoretical basis for design of tooth surface topography to obtain better performance of gear transmission in the future.

Rice husk biochar (RHB) is a renewable agricultural waste, and its fixation on pavements helps develop environmentally friendly, economical, and sustainable asphalt pavements. This paper used RHB to replace part of styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) for the composite modification study of matrix asphalt. The high- and low-temperature properties and microscopic mechanisms of the composite-modified asphalt were studied through a series of tests. The results showed that, compared with SBS-modified asphalt, the softening point, viscosity, complex shear modulus, stiffness modulus, and rutting factors of RHB-SBS composite-modified asphalt were improved. In contrast, the ductility and creep rate were slightly decreased, indicating an improvement in the high-temperature performance of composite-modified asphalt, but a slight decrease in its low-temperature performance. The process of RHB and SBS composite modification was mainly physical blending, with only a small number of chemical reactions, and no new functional groups were generated. The porous structure of RHB enables it to adhere better to the network crosslinked continuous phase system formed by SBS and matrix asphalt. This results in composite-modified asphalt with good high-temperature storage stability and rheological properties. Therefore, RHB-SBS composite-modified asphalt can be applied to high-temperature areas and rice-producing areas, and the optimal content of RHB is suggested to be 15%.

Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) is suitable to extract low-polar organics and to assist in the dissolution of pores and fractures in shale. In this work, we investigate the effect of temperature on the structure of five shale samples via high pressure reaction assisted with SC-CO2. Shale samples were analyzed using X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and ImageJ software. Due to the extraction of CO2, after Sc-CO2 treatment, carbonate and clay content decreased, while quartz and plagioclase increased slightly, which improved gas and oil flow in microscopic pores and shale cracks. Shale samples showed an increase in surface fracture area as experimental temperature increased. Since Sc-CO2 fluid density and solubility increase with temperature, more organics can be extracted from shale pores and fractures, resulting in newly formed pores and fractures. As a result, the threshold temperature for shale high-temperature Sc-CO2 cracking was confirmed to be 400 °C, and the fracture area increased by more than 45% at this temperature. Based on the findings of this study, Sc-CO2 technology can be used to potentially recover low-maturity shale oil efficiently.

Background: Endometrial stromal tumors (ESTs) are rare subset of mesenchymal uterine neoplasms. There are heterogeneous morphological, immunohistochemical, and genetic features. Approximately 50% of ESTs occur in perimenopausal women. In 2020, WHO sub-categorized ESTs into four groups: endometrial stromal nodule (ESN), low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (LGESS), high-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (HGESS), and undifferentiated uterine sarcoma (UUS). Objective: To review the morphological spectrum of endometrial stromal tumors. Method: This retrospective study reviewed the histomorphological features of 15 endometrial stromal tumors with respect to atypia, necrosis, mitosis, collagen bands, whorling around vessels, myometrial invasion, and inflammatory cells. Immunohistochemistry markers (CD10, SMA, and ER) along with special stains (Masson's trichrome, toluidine blue) were also studied. Results: The age of the patients ranged from 32 to 60 years. Three patients were postmenopausal. The most common presenting symptom was vaginal bleeding. Five patients were operated with a clinical diagnosis of uterine fibroid. One patient presented with prolapse with no other complaint. All the 15 patients had total abdominal hysterectomy and salpingo-oophorectomy. One case showed necrosis, eight cases showed collagen bands, all the 15 cases showed whorling around vessels, one case showed vascular emboli, and seven cases showed inflammatory cells. In low-grade cases, one case showed focal atypia and one case showed focal coagulative necrosis indicating infarction. Thirteen cases were LGESS, and one case of ESN and HGESS. All cases were positive for ER and CD10. Conclusion: Endometrial stromal tumors demonstrate extensive permeation of the myometrium as irregular islands with frequent vascular invasion, whorling around vessels, collagen bands, and inflammatory cells. All these features should be observed thoroughly on microscopy by pathologists to clearly differentiate the low-grade and high-grade endometrial stromal tumors, and to understand the overlapping gray areas morphologically as it affects the prognosis of the patient.

The processes for making self-cleaning textile fabrics have been extensively discussed in the literature. However, the exploration of the potential for self-cleaning by controlling the fabrication parameters of the fabric at the microscopic level has not been addressed. The current evolution in 3D printing technology provides an opportunity to control parameters during fabric manufacturing and generate self-cleaning features at the woven structural level. Fabrication of 3D printed textile fabrics using the low-cost fused filament fabrication (FFF) technique has been achieved. Printing parameters such as orientation angle, layer height, and extruder width were used to control self-cleaning microscopic features in the printed fabrics. Self-cleaning features such as surface roughness, wettability contact angle, and porosity were analyzed for different values of printing parameters. The combination of three printing parameters was adjusted to provide the best self-cleaning textile fabric surface: layer height (LH) (0.15, 0.13, 0.10 mm) and extruder width (EW) (0.5, 0.4, 0.3 mm) along with two different angular printing orientations (O) (45° and 90°). Three different thermoplastic flexible filaments printing materials were used: thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU 98A), thermoplastic elastomers (TPE felaflex), and thermoplastic co-polyester (TPC flex45). Self-cleaning properties were quantified using a pre-set defined criterion. The optimization of printing parameters was modeled to achieve the best self-cleaning features for the printed specimens.

This study investigates whether duration of working hours affect residents’ preferences for the micro-features of Small Urban Green Spaces (SUGS), and explores differences across genders and visitation purposes. Little is known about this subject, yet it is crucial for creating more equitable green spaces. In phase 1, participants ( n  = 209; 30.9 ± 6.73 years, 59.3%male) were categorized by average daily working hours (0–8 h, 8–10 h, 10 h+), and rated 41 micro-feature images on their importance for visiting SUGS. Phase 2 included the top ten features ranked from phase 1, with participants ( n  = 256; 30.8 ± 5.12 years, 35.2% female) completing the Kano model survey to identify and explain the importance of features and different types of needs. Findings reveal a clear trend: extended work hours pivot resident preferences towards green space attributes promoting physical activity. For residents of 0–8 h valued aesthetic elements like sculptures and vegetation, while lighting became paramount for those with 8–10 h, and for those working over 10 h prioritized facilities for active engagement, such as playground equipment and slow runway. These distinctions provide valuable guidance for designing SUGS with diverse feature combinations that cater to the needs of residential areas with varying socio-economic backgrounds and occupational lifestyles, thereby enhancing urban livability.

Aeroengine blades are prone to corrosion and foreign object damage (FOD) during service, leading to the risk of premature fatigue failure and impacting flight safety. The size of the blade’s damage depends mainly on the impact velocity and the size of the foreign object. Therefore, this paper studies the influence of foreign object damage on the fatigue performance of 13Cr stainless steel blades under corrosive conditions by means of experimental exploration. The results are as follows. Pre-corrosion did not alter the blade’s damage mechanism, but only reduced its impact resistance. The longer the corrosion time, the more the impact resistance of the blade decreased. Pre-corrosion leads to an increase in damage when the simulated blade is impacted, resulting in decreased fatigue performance of the blade. The fatigue limits of the simulated blades pre-corroded for 24 h, 48 h, and 96 h are reduced by approximately 22%, 23%, and 29%, respectively. The research results of this paper can provide data support for the detection of external field damage of aeroengine blades and provide reference for the design of anti-foreign object damage aeroengine blades.