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Much traditional historiography consciously and unconsciously glosses over certain discourses, narratives, and practices. This book examines silences or omissions in Middle Eastern history at the turn of the twenty-first century, to give a fuller account of the society, culture and politics. With a particular focus on the Ottoman Empire, Turkey, Egypt, Iran and Palestine, the contributors consider how and why such silences occur, as well as the timing and motivation for breaking them. Introducing unexpected, sometimes counter-intuitive, issues in history, chapters examine: women and children survivors of the Armenian massacres in 1915 Greek-Orthodox subjects who supported the Ottoman empire and the formation of the Turkish republic the conflicts among Palestinians during the revolt of 1936-39 pre-marital sex in modern Egypt Arab authors writing about the Balkans the economic, not national or racial, origins of anti-Armenian violence the European women who married Muslim Egyptians Drawing on a wide range of sources and methodologies, such as interviews; newly-discovered archives; fictional accounts; and memoirs, each chapter analyses a story and its suppression, considering how their absences have affected our previous understandings of the history of the Middle East. Amy Singer is Professor of Ottoman history at Tel Aviv University. Her research focuses on the Ottoman public kitchens ( imaret ), and on the city of Edirne. She won the 2008 Sakıp Sabancı International Research Award in Turkish Studies for 'The Persistence of Philanthropy'. Christoph K. Neumann is chair of Turkish Studies at Ludwig Maximilian University Munich. He has published widely on Ottoman history. He did research and taught at the Orient-Institute in Istanbul, in Prague and again at different universities in Istanbul. Selçuk Akşin Somel is Assistant Professor of Ottoman History at Sabanci University, Turkey. He specializes in Ottoman education, gender history, legitimacy and power, and peripheral populations. He previously taught at Freiburg University, and Bilkent University, Ankara. Introduction: ReSounding Silent Voices Selçuk Akşin Somel, Christoph K. Neumann, and Amy Singer Part I: Missing Women 1. Unraveling Layers of Gendered Silencing: Converted Armenian Survivors of the 1915 Catastrophe Ayşe Gül Altınay and Yektan Türkyılmaz 2. Interfaith Unions and Non-Muslim Wives in the Early Twentieth-Century Alexandria Islamic Courts Hanan Kholoussy 3. The Silence of the Pregnant Bride: Non-Marital Sex in Middle Eastern Societies Liat Kozma Part II: Marginal Lives 4. Silent Voices within the Elites: The Social Biography of a Modern Shaykh Yoav Alon 5. A Nationalist Discourse of Heroism and Treason: The Construction of an \"Official\" Image of Çerkes Ethem (1886-1948) in Turkish Historiography, and Recent Challenges Bülent Bilmez 6. On the Margins of National Historiography: The Greek İttihatçi Emmanouil Emmanouilidis – Opportunist or Ottoman patriot? Vangelis Kechriotis 7. The Ottoman Empire's Absent Nineteenth Century: Autonomous Subjects Christine Philliou 8. Looking Behind Hajji Baba of Ispahan: The Case of Mirza Abul Hasan Khan Ilchi Shirazi Naghmeh Sohrabi Part III: Memories of Conflicts 9. Between the Balkan Wars (1912-13) and the \"Third Balkan War\" of the 1990s: The Memory of the Balkans in Arabic Writings Eyal Ginio 10. The Courts of the Palestinian-Arab Revolt, 1936-1939 Mustafa Kabha 11. Multiplicity or Polarity: A Discursive Analysis of post-1908 Violence in an Ottoman Region Meltem Toksöz

\"The definitive history of the Middle East, thoroughly revised and updated through 2012. One of the most crucial, volatile, and complex regions of the modern world, the Middle East has long confounded the dreams of conquerors and peacemakers alike. This now-classic book, fully updated to 2012 and still the essential work on the subject, follows the historic struggles of the Middle East from Napoleon's campaign in Egypt and Syria, through the slow decline and fall of the Ottoman Empire, to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and the history of Islam and its recent resurgence. For this fourth edition, Economist correspondent Nicolas Pelham contributes an extensive new section examining recent developments throughout the Middle East, including the invasions of Iraq and Afghanistan, the situation in Iran, the region's relations with the United States under President Obama, the Arab Spring, and more\"-- Provided by publisher.

Investigating how a number of modern empires transform over the long 19th century (1789-1914) as a consequence of their struggle for ascendancy in the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East, Foundations of Modernity: Human Agency and the Imperial State moves the study of the modern empire towards a comparative, trans-regional analysis of events along the Ottoman frontiers: Western Balkans, the Persian Gulf and Yemen. This inter-disciplinary approach of studying events at different ends of the Ottoman Empire challenges previous emphasis on Europe as the only source of change and highlights the progression of modern imperial states. The book introduces an entirely new analytical approach to the study of modern state power and the social consequences to the interaction between long-ignored \"historical agents\" like pirates, smugglers, refugees, and the rural poor. In this respect, the roots of the most fundamental institutions and bureaucratic practices associated with the modern state prove to be the by-products of certain kinds of productive exchange long categorized in negative terms in post-colonial and mainstream scholarship. Such a challenge to conventional methods of historical and social scientific analysis is reinforced by the novel use of the work of Louis Althusser, Talal Asad, William Connolly and Frederick Cooper, whose challenges to scholarly conventions will prove helpful in changing how we understand the origins of our modern world and thus talk about Modernity. This book offers a methodological and historiographic intervention meant to challenge conventional studies of the modern era.

New sources and research illuminate the individual lives of African slaves in the Middle East.

This book identifies a strand of what it calls \"Accidental Orientalism\" in narratives by Italians who found themselves in Ottoman Egypt and Anatolia in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries through historical accident and who wrote about their experiences in Italian, English, and French. Among them are young woman, Amalia Nizzoli, who learned Arabic, conversed the inhabitants of an Ottoman-Egyptian harem, and wrote a memoir in Italian; a young man, Giovanni Finati, who converted to Islam, passed as Albanian in Muhammad Ali's Egypt, and published his memoir in English; a strongman turned antiquarian, Giovanni Belzoni, whose narrative account in English documents the looting of antiquities by Europeans in Egypt; a princess and patriot, Cristina Trivulzio di Belgiojoso, who lived in exile in Anatolia and wrote in French condemning the Ottoman harem and proposing social reforms in in the Ottoman empire; and an early twentieth century anarchist and anti-colonialist, Leda Rafanelli, who converted to Islam, wrote prolifically, and posed before the camera in an Orient of her own fashioning.

In the nineteenth century hundreds of thousands of Africans were forcibly migrated northward to Egypt and other eastern Mediterranean destinations, yet relatively little is known about them. Studies have focused mainly on the mamluk and harem slaves of elite households, who were mostly white, and on abolitionist efforts to end the slave trade, and most have relied heavily on western language sources. In the past forty years new sources have become available, ranging from Egyptian religious and civil court and police records to rediscovered archives and accounts in western archives and libraries. Along with new developments in the study of African slavery these sources provide a perspective on the lives of non-elite trans-Saharan Africans in nineteenth century Egypt and beyond. The nine essays in this volume examine the lives of slaves and freed men and women in Egypt and the region. Contributors: Kenneth M. Cuno, Y. Hakan Erdem, Michael Ferguson, Emad Ahmad Helal Shams al-Din, Liat Kozma, George Michael La Rue, Ahmad A. Sikainga, Eve M. Troutt Powell, and Terence Walz.

Through focusing on the unintended by-products of New England Puritanism as a cultural transplant in the Levant, this book explores the socio-historical forces which account for the failure of early envoys' attempts to convert the 'native,' population. Early failure in conversion led to later success in reinventing themselves as agents of secular and liberal education, welfare, and popular culture. Through making special efforts not to debase local culture, the missionaries' work resulted in large sections of society becoming protestantized without being evangelized. An invaluable resource for postgraduates and those undertaking postdoctoral research, this book explores a seminal but overlooked interlude in the encounters between American Protestantism and the Levant. Using data from previously unexplored personal narrative accounts, Khalaf dates the emergence of the puritanical imagination, sparked by sentiments of American exceptionalism, voluntarism and \"soft power\" to at least a century before commonly assumed.