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Several economies in the Caribbean region, especially from the lower income group, are highly dependent on remittances. Between 1991 and 2006, the combined flows of total remittances reaching the Caribbean have seen almost a 17% average annual growth rate, surpassing USD 6billion in 2005 and overtaking ODA and FDI into the region. In addition, remittances represent more than 20% of the domestic gross domestic product (GDP) in some Caribbean countries and have played a significant role in lessening both balance of payment deficits and the impact of natural disasters to which the region is particularly vulnerable. Given the importance of such remittance flows, this study undertakes an analysis of the various dynamics underlying the Canada-Caribbean remittance corridor, including Caribbean migration issues, remittance market landscapes and regulatory frameworks. This study is intended to assist Canadian and Caribbean national authorities in their mandate of providing incentives for the continued growth and competitiveness of their remittance industries, while protecting remittance markets from being abused by criminals.

Several economies in the Caribbean region, especially from the lower income group, are highly dependent on remittances. Between 1991 and 2006, the combined flows of total remittances reaching the Caribbean have seen almost a 17% average annual growth rate, surpassing USD 6billion in 2005 and overtaking ODA and FDI into the region. In addition, remittances represent more than 20% of the domestic gross domestic product (GDP) in some Caribbean countries and have played a significant role in lessening both balance of payment deficits and the impact of natural disasters to which the region is parti

The authors examine the impact of remittances on the schooling of children in various Haitian communities with a high incidence of out-migration. After addressing the endogeneity of remittance receipt, they find that, in some communities, remittances raise school attendance for all children regardless of whether they have household members abroad. However, in other communities, this effect is observed only among children living in households that do not experience any family out-migration. Hence, while the receipt of remittances by the household lifts budget constraints and raises the children’s likelihood of being schooled, the disruptive effect of household out-migration imposes an economic burden on the remaining household members and reduces children’s school attendance. As such, remittances ameliorate the negative disruptive effect of household out-migration on children’s schooling in some migrating communities in Haiti and, therefore, contribute to the accumulation of human capital in the midst of extreme poverty.

This study investigates internal migration among the Haitian youth, aged 10-24. The study compares characteristics of youth who migrate with education and labor motives and determines characteristics associated with family financial support to youth migrants. The data are from the 2009 Haiti Youth Survey. Discrete-time event history analysis is used to model characteristics associated with education and labor migration. A two-stage Heckman probit model is used to determine characteristics associated with family financial support for two different samples of youth migrants. Both education and labor migration become more common with increasing age. Education migration is more common among youth born outside the capital and those first enrolled in school on time. Labor migration differs little by region of birth, and is associated with late school enrollment. Moreover, rather than sending remittances home, many youth migrants continue to receive financial support from their parents. Provision of financial support to youth migrants is associated with current school enrollment.

This article analyzes the role of Haitian migration and Haitian transnational engagement in the past 20 years. Of particular interest are the various forms that this engagement has taken, its impact on the country's economy, and the implications of Haitian migrants' continued commitment to their home country. The article shows that dependency on Haitian migrants' economic flows into their country has historically not been met by public policy leveraging these flows and that under the current economic recovery period, opportunistic views aside, it is unrealistic to expect a strategy drastically different from that of the pre-earthquake period.

Remitting outweighs foreign aid by a rate of more than eight times, resulting in a skewed perception of the Haitian economy and consequent hindrance to development. Endowing Haitian state institutions and civil society by strengthening the potential role of migrants' remittances in regional socio-economic reconstruction could prevent some of the mistakes uncovered in previous development policies from recurring in current nation-building initiatives. The funding gap of the United Nations' short term funded projects could be bridged with a long term commitment of a new migrant class of investors to finance productive projects and endow regional participatory institutions.

The actual triple-C, as a combination of economic and nancial crises, in addition to the crisis in credibility of economic policy, has fostered North-North and South-North immigration. The objective of this work is to determine the dimension of immigrants entrepreneurship, according to their recipient countries being factor driven, efciency driven, and innovation driven economies. We demonstrate that efciency driven nations are characterized by moderate demographic growth and immigrants entrepreneurial activity along with a very discrete immigration, while the innovation driven nations are dened by a negative demographic growth and discrete immigrants entrepreneurial activity along with an important reception of immigrants.

This article analyses the relationship between remittances and the subsistence strategies of low-income households in four capital cities of the Caribbean Basin. The switch to an export-oriented model of development implemented in response to the economic crisis of the beginning of the 1980s deteriorated the labor market conditions in the region, making it difficult to subsist on local incomes. The findings point to the importance of migrant remittances on urban low-income households in terms of the number of households receiving remittances, their importance for the household income, and their effects on labor market participation of the head of the household, as well as additional members. They suggest that remittances are a rational strategy followed by households confronting very difficult labor market conditions.

This article analyzes the emergence and the institutional structure of contemporary immigrants' transnational politics. It poses three questions: 1) How is transnational politics structured? 2) How can we explain the current emergence of transnational political linkages? 3) Who participates and who benefits from political transnationalism. The article focuses on the cases of the Dominican Republic, Haiti and El Salvador and argues that they share an institutional pattern of transnational politics in which there are three main actors: the state apparatus of the country of origin; the political parties of the country of origin; and migrant organizations in the country of reception. The article links the rise of this pattern of transnational politics to the need of the states of origin to guarantee the flow of remittances, the organization of immigrants in the country of reception, and the consolidation of competitive politics in democratic regimes. Although the analysis is based on the experiences of Latin American and Caribbean countries and their emigrants in the United States, the article argues that this institutional pattern may transcend this particular region.