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Many low-income countries and development organizations are calling for greater liberalization of labor immigration policies in high-income countries. At the same time, human rights organizations and migrant rights advocates demand more equal rights for migrant workers. The Price of Rights shows why you cannot always have both. Examining labor immigration policies in over forty countries, as well as policy drivers in major migrant-receiving and migrant-sending states, Martin Ruhs finds that there are trade-offs in the policies of high-income countries between openness to admitting migrant workers and some of the rights granted to migrants after admission. Insisting on greater equality of rights for migrant workers can come at the price of more restrictive admission policies, especially for lower-skilled workers. Ruhs advocates the liberalization of international labor migration through temporary migration programs that protect a universal set of core rights and account for the interests of nation-states by restricting a few specific rights that create net costs for receiving countries. The Price of Rights analyzes how high-income countries restrict the rights of migrant workers as part of their labor immigration policies and discusses the implications for global debates about regulating labor migration and protecting migrants. It comprehensively looks at the tensions between human rights and citizenship rights, the agency and interests of migrants and states, and the determinants and ethics of labor immigration policy.

Intro -- Maps, Figures, and Tables -- Acronyms -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction: Contract Labor Migration in Theory and Practice -- 1. Agricultural Crisis, Migration, and Contract Labor: Tlaxcala, Mexico, and Ontario, Canada -- 2. The Dual Process of Constructing Mexican Contract Workers -- 3. \"Tomorrow We're All Going to the Harvest\": Case Studies of Contract Labor Migration -- 4. Interrogating Racialized Global Labor Supply: Caribbean and Mexican Workers in Canada's SAWP -- 5. The Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program and Mexican Development -- 6. The Political Economy of Contract Labor in Neoliberal North America: Cheap Labor and Organized Labor -- 7. Globalization and Temporary Migrants: Post-National Citizens, Realpolitik, and Disposable Labor Power -- Appendix. The SAWP: Saving the Family Farm or Feeding Corporate Enterprise? -- Notes -- References -- Index.

Background A systematic attempt to summarize the literature that examines working conditions and occupational health among immigrant in Europe and Canada. Methods We established inclusion criteria, searched systematically for articles included in the Medline, Embase and Social Sciences Citation Index databases in the period 2000–2016 and checked the reference lists of all included papers. Results Eighty-two studies were included in this review; 90% were cross-sectional and 80% were based on self-report. Work injuries were consistently found to be more prevalent among immigrants in studies from different countries and in studies with different designs. The prevalence of perceived discrimination or bullying was found to be consistently higher among immigrant workers than among natives. In general, however, we found that the evidence that immigrant workers are more likely to be exposed to physical or chemical hazards and poor psychosocial working conditions is very limited. A few Scandinavian studies support the idea that occupational factors may partly contribute to the higher risk of sick leave or disability pension observed among immigrants. However, the evidence for working conditions as a potential mediator of the associations between immigrant status and poor general health and mental distress was very limited. Conclusion Some indicators suggest that immigrant workers in Europe and Canada experience poorer working conditions and occupational health than do native workers. However, the ability to draw conclusions is limited by the large gaps in the available data, heterogeneity of immigrant working populations, and the lack of prospectively designed cohort studies.

Evidence suggests that precarious employment can have detrimental effects on workers' health, including mental health. Migrant workers are discussed to be especially vulnerable to such effects. Thus, we systematically reviewed existing research on the association between precarious employment and migrant workers' mental health. Three electronic databases (Web of Science, PsycINFO and PubMed/Medline) were searched for original articles on quantitative and qualitative studies published from January 1970 to February 2022 in English, German, Turkish and Spanish. Multiple dimensions of precarious employment were considered as exposure, with mental health problems as outcomes. Narrative synthesis and thematic analyses were performed to summarize the findings of the included studies along with risk of bias and quality assessment. The literature search resulted in 1557 original articles, 66 of which met the inclusion criteria - 43 were of high quality and 22 were of moderate quality. The most common exposure dimensions analyzed in the studies included temporariness, vulnerability, poor interpersonal relationships, disempowerment, lacking workers' rights and low income. The outcome measures included stress, depression, anxiety and poor general mental health. The prevalence of these outcomes varied between 10-75% among the included quantitative studies. All qualitative studies reported one or more dimensions of precarious employment as an underlying factor of the development of mental health problems among migrants. Of 33 quantitative studies, 23 reported evidence for an association between dimensions of precarious employment and mental health. The results of this review support the hypothesis that precarious employment is associated with migrant workers' mental health.

This article examines the organizing practices of indie unions – the emerging grassroots unions coled by precarious migrant workers. It draws on an embedded actor-centred approach involving extensive multi-sited ethnography. The article shows how workers normally considered unorganizable by the established unions can build lasting solidarity and associational power and obtain material and non-material rewards in the context of precarity, scarce economic resources and a hostile environment. Here, I argue that the organization of workers into ‘communities of struggle’ geared towards mobilization facilitates their empowerment, effectiveness and social integration. The article contributes to labour mobilization theory by redefining the concept of organizing in inclusionary terms, so that the collective industrial agency of precarious and migrant workers organizing outside the established unions can be adequately recognized and accounted for.

Background Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are increasingly prevalent among South Asian migrants, with evidence suggesting that many adopt unhealthy behavioural risk factors (BRFs) in host countries. Despite Sri Lanka’s substantial temporary migrant workforce exceeding 1.5 million, data on BRFs of NCDs among returnee migrant workers remains scarce. This study aims to describe the prevalence of BRFs of NCDs and associated factors among Sri Lankan returnee migrant workers from the Middle East. Methods This community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted among 680 returnee Middle East migrant workers in the Kurunegala District, Sri Lanka. Study participants were selected using a three-stage cluster sampling method based on probability-proportionate-to-size technique. A pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire was utilized for data collection. Prevalences were presented as percentages with 95% confidence intervals. Logistic regression analysis was applied to identify correlates for BRFs. Results Response rate was 94.4% ( N  = 642). The prevalence of BRFs was as follows: daily tobacco use 14.2% (95% CI: 11.5–17.1), current alcohol use 20.1% (95% CI: 17.0-23.4), inadequate fruit/vegetable intake 89.3% (95% CI: 86.6–91.6), and physical inactivity 31.4% (95% CI: 27.8–35.2). Daily tobacco use was significantly associated with the 35–42 age group (AOR 2.04, 95% CI: 1.16–3.57), being male (AOR 17.04, 95% CI: 7.19–40.39), and having accumulated savings (AOR 2.16, 95% CI: 1.25–3.72). Current alcohol use was associated with being currently employed (AOR 7.18, 95% CI: 2.61–20.95), being a male (AOR 44.51, 95% CI: 12.30-149.15), lower education level (AOR 2.97, 95% CI:1.67–5.79). Insufficient fruit/vegetable consumption was associated with; lower household income (AOR 4.32, 95% CI: 2.12–8.09), and inadequate savings (AOR 2.86, 95% CI: 1.18–6.25). Physical inactivity was correlated with; being female (AOR 5.26, 95% CI: 1.75–9.09), having accumulated savings (AOR 1.71, 95% CI: 1.19–2.92). Conclusion Returnee migrant workers exhibit a high prevalence of BRFs, influenced significantly by demographic, socio-economic, and migration-related factors. Migrant-friendly interventions promoting healthcare access, voluntary NCD screenings, and health-literacy assistance are recommended throughout the migration process, alongside further research.

Based on insights from Filipina experiences of domestic work in Paris and Hong Kong, this volume breaks through the polarized thinking and migration-centric policy action on the protection of migrant women domestic workers from abuse to link migrants' rights and victimization with livelihood, migration and development. The book contextualizes agency and rights in the workers' capability to secure a livelihood in the global political economy and is instrumental in making the problem of migrant women workers' empowerment both a migration and development agenda. The volume is essential reading for social scientists, bureaucrats and non-governmental political activists interested in the protection of the rights and livelihoods of migrants. It will also appeal to migration and feminist scholars who have yet to adopt the contribution of critical development studies in the analysis of low-skilled female labour migration.

Laboring in the Shadow of Empire: Race, Gender, and Care Work in Portugal examines the everyday lives of an African-descendant care service workforce that labors in an ostensibly \"anti-racial\" Europe and against the backdrop of the Portuguese colonial empire. While much of the literature on global care work has focused on Asian and Latine migrant care workers, there is comparatively less research that explicitly examines African care workers and their migration histories to Europe. Sociologist Celeste Vaughan Curington focuses on Portugal-a European setting with comparatively liberal policies around family settlement and naturalization for migrants. In this setting, rapid urbanization in the late twentieth century, along with a national push to reconcile work and family, has shaped the growth of paid home care and cleaning service industries. Many researchers focus on informal work settings, where immigrant rights are restricted and many workers are undocumented or without permanent residence status. Curington instead examines workers who have accessed citizenship or permanent residence status and also explores African women's experiences laboring in care and service industries in the formal market, revealing how deeply colonial and intersectional logics of a racialized and international division of reproductive labor in Portugal render these women \"hyper-invisible\" and \"hyper-visible\" as \"appropriate\" workers in Lisbon.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with Indonesian migrant workers’ satisfaction with healthcare services in Taiwan, and to compare their satisfaction of healthcare between Taiwan and Indonesia. Methods This cross-sectional study collected data through self-reported questionnaires from 352 participants. Inclusion criteria of participants were legal Indonesian migrant workers aged 18–55 years who were willing to participate, and only those who had used healthcare services for inpatient, outpatient, or emergency care were included in the analysis ( n  = 241). We used the SERVQUAL model, based on the gap theory of service quality, to assess service quality applied to health care. Analytical methods included descriptive analyses, linear regression, and multinomial logistic regression. Results Satisfaction with Taiwan’s health care was high (mean = 4.23 of 5), and almost 70% reported that different dimensions of Taiwan’s health care were better than those of Indonesia. Among the healthcare system factors, longer waiting time was related to lower empathic satisfaction (B=- 0.272), while getting more assistance from volunteers (B = 0.067) and friendliness of staff (B = 0.112) were related to higher tangible satisfaction. When comparing health care in Taiwan to that in Indonesia, longer waiting time was related to higher satisfaction with Indonesia’s healthcare (in tangibility and in responsiveness); expensive health service payment was related to lower satisfaction in Taiwan’ healthcare (OR = 0.432 in tangibility) or higher satisfaction of Indonesia’ healthcare (OR = 5.079 in reliability); and language was related to better satisfaction of Indonesia’s healthcare (OR = 5.277 in tangibility and OR = 10.443 in reliability). Meanwhile, easy explanation was related to lower satisfaction with Indonesia’s healthcare (OR = 0.445 in assurance), and getting volunteer assistance (OR = 0.326 in the tangibility and OR = 0.272 in reliability), and staff friendliness (OR = 0.085 in reliability and OR = 0.216 in empathy) were related to lower satisfaction of Indonesia’s health care. Education and other demographics also related to the comparison of satisfaction. Odds ratios with wide confidence intervals should be explained conservatively. Conclusions Individual and healthcare system factors of Indonesian migrant workers influenced the level of their satisfaction with healthcare services in Taiwan in the tangibility and the empathy dimensions. Healthcare providers should consider these factors to improve service quality and migrant worker satisfaction.

Background In Bangladesh, remittances constitute a substantial portion of the country’s foreign exchange earnings and serve as a primary source of income. However, a considerable number of Bangladeshi citizens reside overseas without proper documentation, exposing them to significant challenges such as limited access to healthcare and socioeconomic opportunities. Moreover, their irregular migration status often results in engaging in risky health behaviors that further exacerbate their vulnerability. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the risky health behavior and HIV/STI susceptibility of Bangladeshi irregular international migrants residing across the globe with undocumented status. Methods Using a qualitative Interpretative Phenomenological Approach (IPA), 25 illegal migrants were interviewed who are currently living illegally or returned to their home country. The author used a thematic approach to code and analyze the data, combining an integrated data-driven inductive approach with a deductive approach. Concurrent processing and coding were facilitated by employing the Granheim model in data analysis. Results The study identified four risky health behaviors among irregular Bangladeshi migrants: hazardous living conditions, risky jobs, suicidal ideation, and tobacco consumption. Additionally, the authors found some HIV/STI risk behavior among them including engaging in unprotected sex, consuming alcohol and drugs during sexual activity, and having limited access to medical facilities. Conclusions The findings of this study can be used by health professional, governments, policymakers, NGOs, and concerned agencies to develop welfare strategies and initiatives for vulnerable undocumented migrant workers.