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"Migration, Internal Russia History."
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Settlers on the edge : identity and modernization on Russia's arctic frontier
Deeply researched and eloquently written, Settlers on the Edge ... makes an important and long-overdue contribution to our understanding of who belongs in the North.- Farley Mowat.
eBook
Voices from the Soviet edge : southern migrants in Leningrad and Moscow
\"This book focuses on those peoples of the Caucasus and Central Asia, who were making the streets of the Soviet Union's \"two capitals\" their own. Hundreds of thousands of Uzbeks, Tajiks, Georgians, Azerbaijanis and others arrived in the last Soviet era, seeking opportunity at the privileged heart of the USSR. Using extensive oral histories as well as published and archival sources, this book shows how their energy transformed their own and their family's life chances and created inter-republican networks, altering life in the center and periphery alike. Citizens of the Soviet Union but often lacking residence papers required for their stay; denigrated as \"Blacks\" by some in the local population but accepted by others for their knowledge and goods; excited by their status as residents of the capital, but torn over attachments to an ethnic identity and home: these newcomers exemplify the ambiguities of the Soviet modernization and multinational project. This book connects Leningrad and Moscow to transnational trends of core-periphery movement and marks them as global cities. It examines Soviet concepts, such as the \"friendship of peoples,\" alongside ethnic and national difference, which became racialized. It reveals the Brezhnev era as a time of dynamism and opportunity, and Leningrad and Moscow not as isolated outposts of privilege, but at the heart of any number of systems that linked the Soviet Union. In the 1980s, the Soviet Union crumbled from the outside in, and increased migration presaged perestroika-era tensions and shortages and, eventually, the USSR's collapse. These migrants were the forbears of the million-plus Muslims from the former Soviet spaces now in Leningrad and Moscow, who have confronted rampant racism in the 2000s\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Voices from the Soviet Edge
Jeff Sahadeo reveals the complex and fascinating stories of migrant populations in Leningrad and Moscow.Voices from the Soviet Edgefocuses on the hundreds of thousands of Uzbeks, Tajiks, Georgians, Azerbaijanis, and others who arrived toward the end of the Soviet era, seeking opportunity at the privileged heart of the USSR. Through the extensive oral histories Sahadeo has collected, he shows how the energy of these migrants, denigrated as \"Blacks\" by some Russians, transformed their families' lives and created inter-republican networks, altering society and community in both the center and the periphery of life in the \"two capitals.\"
Voices from the Soviet Edgeconnects Leningrad and Moscow to transnational trends of core-periphery movement and marks them as global cities. In examining Soviet concepts such as \"friendship of peoples\" alongside ethnic and national differences, Sahadeo shows how those ideas became racialized but could also be deployed to advance migrant aspirations. He exposes the Brezhnev era as a time of dynamism and opportunity, and Leningrad and Moscow not as isolated outposts of privilege but at the heart of any number of systems that linked the disparate regions of the USSR into a whole. In the 1980s, as the Soviet Union crumbled, migration increased. These later migrants were the forbears of contemporary Muslims from former Soviet spaces who now confront significant discrimination in European Russia. As Sahadeo demonstrates, the two cities benefited from 1980s' migration but also became communities where racism and exclusion coexisted with citizenship and Soviet identity.
eBook
Stalinism on the frontier of empire : women and state formation in the Soviet Far East
This is an account of frontier Stalinism told through the unexplored history of a campaign to attract female settlers to the socialist frontiers of the Soviet Far East in the late 1930s.
Book
Against Their Will
During his reign, Joseph Stalin oversaw the forced resettlement of people by the millions – a maniacal passion that he used for social engineering. The Soviets were not the first to thrust resettlement on its population – a major characteristic of totalitarian systems – but in terms of sheer numbers, technologies used to deport people and the lawlessness which accompanied it, Stalin's process was the most notable.Six million people of different social, ethnic, and professions were resettled before Stalin's death. Even today, the aftermath of such deportations largely predetermines events which take place in the northern Caucasus, Crimea, the Baltic republics, Moldavia, and western Ukraine. Polian's volume is the first attempt to comprehensively examine the history of forced and semi-voluntary population movements within or organized by the Soviet Union. Contents range from the early 1920s to the rehabilitation of repressed nationalities in the 1990s, dealing with internal (kulaks, ethnic and political deportations) and international forced migrations (German internees and occupied territories). An abundance of facts, figures, tables, maps, and an exhaustively-detailed annex will serve as important sources for further researches.
eBook
Crimea in War and Transformation
Crimea in War and Transformation examines the capacity of violence to permanently alter peoples and spaces.The war named for Crimea began as a border dispute between Russia and the Ottoman Empires in 1853, but transferred unexpectedly to Crimea in September 1854 after European Allies joined forces with the Sultan. In the course of one day, belligerent armies doubled the peninsula’s population and pressed the local population into labor. Within one month, ravenous men fell upon orchards like locusts, and slaughtered Crimean livestock. For more than one year, engineering brigades mowed down forests to build barracks. Both sides of the war used scorched earth tactics. At the apex of violence, desperate Russian officials scapegoated Crimea’s native Muslim population, accusing these and other civilians of hoarding food and collaborating with the enemy. Before humanitarian impulses prevailed, officials initiated a deadly deportation, forcing thousands of Tatars from their homes.
eBook
Migration and Social Upheaval as the Face of Globalization in Central Asia
Since the start of the 1990s, Central Asia has been the main purveyor of migrants in the post-Soviet space. These massive migrations impact issues of governance; patterns of social adaptation; individual and collective identity transformations; and gender relation in Central Asia.
eBook
UKRAINIAN MIGRATION DURING THE FIRST YEAR AFTER THE BEGINNING OF THE RUSSIAN ARMED CONFLICT IN 2022
This study examines the evolution of Ukrainian refugees during the first year after the start of the full-scale armed conflict on 24 February 2022, which resulted in a severe humanitarian crisis and high levels of migration both within Ukraine and towards Europe. Using official statistics, the changes in border crossings from Ukraine to neighboring countries during the first year of the conflict are investigated. Additionally, surveys conducted with Ukrainian refugees in several European countries and author interviews conducted in Bulgaria, Spain, and Germany reveal the specific needs of refugees and the main challenges to successful integration into host labor markets and societies. The Temporary Protection Directives and other local protection programs are analyzed in this study, accompanied by a comprehensive discussion on similar initiatives. The primary conclusion drawn from this research affirms the presence of substantial challenges in the successful integration of Ukrainian refugees into host societies, despite the efforts made by the respective governments.
Journal Article
Becoming Armenian: Religious Conversions in the Late Imperial South Caucasus
In the nineteenth-century South Caucasus, hundreds of local farmers and nomads petitioned Russian authorities to allow them to become Christians. Most of them were Muslims and specifically requested to join the Armenian Apostolic Church. This article explores religious conversions to Armenian Christianity on Russia's mountainous southern border with the Ottoman Empire and Iran. It demonstrates that tsarist reforms, chiefly the peasant reform and the sedentarization of nomads, accelerated labor migration within the region, bringing many Muslims, Yazidis, and Assyrians into an Armenian environment. Local anxieties over Russian colonialism further encouraged conversions. I argue that by converting to Armenian Christianity many rural South Caucasians benefited from a change in their legal status, which came with the right to move residence, access to agricultural land, and other freedoms. Russia's Jewish communities, on the other hand, saw conversion to Armenian Christianity as a legal means to circumvent discrimination and obtain the right to live outside of the Pale of Settlement. By drawing on converts’ petitions and officials’ decisions, this article illustrates that the Russian government emerged as an ultimate arbiter of religious conversions, evaluating the sincerity of petitioners’ faith and how Armenian they had become, while preserving the empire's religious and social hierarchies.
Journal Article