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Along with positive SARS-CoV-2 RNA in nasopharyngeal swabs, viral RNA was detectable at high concentration for >3 weeks in fecal samples from 12 mildly symptomatic and asymptomatic children with COVID-19 in Seoul, South Korea. Saliva also tested positive during the early phase of infection. If proven infectious, feces and saliva could serve as transmission sources.

The Cover Feature shows a schematic representation of Zn plating from an aqueous electrolyte in the presence of Quaternary Ammonium Salts (QASs) (upper part) and in an additive‐free solution (bottom element). The study provides insight into the cycling behavior of zinc anodes in battery context, using QASs as additives in mildly acidic aqueous electrolytes. The cover was designed by one of the paper authors: Elisa Emanuele. More information can be found in the Research Article by B. Bozzini et al.

In this paper, we defined two new games - the mildly Menger game and the compact-clopen game. In a zero-dimensional space, the Menger game is equivalent to the mildly Menger game and the compact-open game is equivalent to the compact-clopen game. An example is given for a space on which the mildly Menger game is undetermined. Also we introduced a new game namely 𝒦-quasi-component-clopen game and proved that this game is equivalent to the compact-clopen game. Then we proved that if a topological space is a union of countably many quasi-components of compact sets, then TWO has a winning strategy in the mildly Menger game.

We evaluated the clinical course of asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease (COVID-19) admitted to community treatment centers (CTCs) for isolation in South Korea. Of 632 patients, 75 (11.9%) had symptoms at admission, 186 (29.4%) were asymptomatic at admission but developed symptoms during their stay, and 371 (58.7%) remained asymptomatic during their entire clinical course. Nineteen (3.0%) patients were transferred to hospitals, but 94.3% (573/613) of the remaining patients were discharged from CTCs upon virologic remission. The mean virologic remission period was 20.1 days (SD + 7.7 days). Nearly 20% of patients remained in the CTCs for 4 weeks after diagnosis. The virologic remission period was longer in symptomatic patients than in asymptomatic patients. In mildly symptomatic patients, the mean duration from symptom onset to virologic remission was 11.7 days (SD + 8.2 days). These data could help in planning for isolation centers and formulating self-isolation guidelines.

A space ( , ) is called epi-mildly normal if there exists a coarser topology ′ on such that ( , ′) is Hausdorff ( ) mildly normal. We investigate this property and present some examples to illustrate the relationships between epi-mild normality and other weaker kinds of normality.

We provide new limit theory for functionals of a general class of processes lying at the boundary between stationarity and nonstationarity—what we term weakly nonstationary processes (WNPs). This includes, as leading examples, fractional processes with d = 1/2, and arrays of autoregressive processes with roots drifting slowly towards unity. We first apply the theory to study inference in parametric and nonparametric regression models involving WNPs as covariates. We then use these results to develop a new specification test for parametric regression models. By construction, our specification test statistic has a χ² limiting distribution regardless of the form and extent of persistence of the regressor, implying that a practitioner can validly perform the test using a fixed critical value, while remaining agnostic about the mechanism generating the regressor. Simulation exercises confirm that the test controls size across a wide range of data generating processes, and outperforms a comparable test due to Wang and Phillips (Ann. Statist. 40 (2012) 727–758) against many alternatives.

In patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and preserved or mildly reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), there is clinical uncertainty about the effectiveness of β-blockers in reducing mortality. We therefore investigated the effect of oral β-blockers on clinical benefit in patients with AMI with preserved or mildly reduced LVEF. We conducted a comprehensive systematic search using PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov from January 1, 2000 to May 1, 2025, and finally included 16 observational studies and 2 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to assess the β-blockers on patients with AMI with preserved or mildly reduced LVEF. The primary outcome was all-cause death, and the secondary outcomes were cardiac death, major adverse cardiovascular events, recurrent MI, hospitalization for heart failure, and stroke. According to the search strategy, we finally included 18 studies, of which 16 were observational studies and 2 were RCTs. In the 5 studies without propensity score matching data, all-cause death was significantly lower in the β-blocker group than in the no β-blocker group (odds ratio [OR]: 0.65; 95% CI, 0.53–0.80). In the propensity score-matched 10 observational researches and 2 RCTs, there were no significant differences in all-cause death between the 2 groups. β-Blockers seemed to significantly reduce all-cause death in both non–ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (OR = 0.44; 95% CI, 0.24–0.82; OR = 0.62; 95% CI, 0.40–0.98). β-Blockers seemed to be more effective in lowering all-cause death and cardiac death in patients with AMI and an LVEF of 40% to 50% (OR = 0.70; 95% CI, 0.50–0.97), and in the group with a follow-up time of ≥ 3 years, the use of β-blockers was significantly more effective in reducing cardiac death compared with the group with a follow-up time of <3 years (OR = 0.45; 95% CI, 0.23–0.88). β-Blockers did not significantly reduce all-cause death and cardiac death in patients with AMI with preserved or mildly reduced LVEF. However, it seemed that patients with an LVEF of 40% to 50% might experience significant benefits in terms of long-term efficacy.

Objective The objective of this randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel group, trial was to assess the effect of ambrisentan on mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and mildly elevated pulmonary hypertension (PH). Methods Thirty-eight SSc patients with mildly elevated mPAP at rest between 21 and 24 mmHg and/or > 30 mmHg during low-dose exercise were randomly assigned to treatment with either ambrisentan 5–10 mg/day or placebo. Right heart catheterization and further clinical parameters were assessed at baseline and after 6 months. The primary endpoint was the difference of mPAP change at rest between groups. Results After 6 months, the two groups did not differ in the primary endpoint (ambrisentan mPAP − 1 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. placebo − 0.73 ± 3.59 mmHg at rest, p  = 0.884). However, three patients from the placebo group but none of the ambrisentan group progressed to SSc-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension. Furthermore, ambrisentan treatment showed significant improvements in the secondary endpoints cardiac index (CI) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) at rest (CI 0.36 ± 0.66 l/min/m 2 vs. − 0.31 ± 0.71 l/min/m 2 , p  = 0.010; PVR − 0.70 ± 0.78 WU vs. 0.01 ± 0.71 WU, p  = 0.012) and during exercise (CI 0.7 ± 0.81 l/min/m 2 vs. − 0.45 ± 1.36 l/min/m 2 , p  = 0.015; PVR − 0.84 ± 0.48 WU vs. − 0.0032 ± 0.34 WU, p  < 0.0001). Conclusion This is the first randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study testing the effect of ambrisentan in patients with mildly elevated mPAP and/or exercise PH. The primary endpoint change in mPAP did only tendentially improve in the ambrisentan group, but the significant improvement of other hemodynamic parameters points to a possible benefit of ambrisentan and will be helpful to design future trials. Trial registration www.ClinicalTrials.gov, unique identifier NCT: NCT02290613 , registered 14 th of November 2014.

In order to explore the proteomic signatures of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) related to the mechanism of heart failure with reduced and mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF/HFmrEF) and heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), a comprehensive proteomic analysis of EAT was made in HFrEF/HFmrEF (n = 5) and HFpEF (n = 5) patients with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry experiments. The selected differential proteins were verified between HFrEF/HFmrEF (n = 20) and HFpEF (n = 40) by ELISA (enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay). A total of 599 EAT proteins were significantly different in expression between HFrEF/HFmrEF and HFpEF. Among the 599 proteins, 58 proteins increased in HFrEF/HFmrEF compared to HFpEF, whereas 541 proteins decreased in HFrEF/HFmrEF. Of these proteins, TGM2 in EAT was down‐regulated in HFrEF/HFmrEF patients and was confirmed to decrease in circulating plasma of the HFrEF/HFmrEF group (p = 0.019). Multivariate logistic regression analysis confirmed plasma TGM2 could be an independent predictor of HFrEF/HFmrEF (p = 0.033). Receiver operating curve analysis indicated that the combination of TGM2 and Gensini score improved the diagnostic value of HFrEF/HFmrEF (p = 0.002). In summary, for the first time, we described the proteome in EAT in both HFpEF and HFrEF/HFmrEF and identified a comprehensive dimension of potential targets for the mechanism behind the EF spectrum. Exploring the role of EAT may offer potential targets for preventive intervention of HF.

In this paper, we examine changes in the time series properties of three widely used housing market indicators (real house prices, price-to-income ratios, and price-to-rent ratios) for a large set of countries to detect episodes of explosive dynamics. Dating such episodes of exuberance in housing markets provides a timeline as well as empirical content to the narrative connecting housing exuberance to the global 2008 −09 recession. For our empirical analysis, we employ two recursive univariate unit root tests recently developed by Phillips and Yu (International Economic Review 52(1):201–226, 2011 ) and Phillips et al. ( 2015 ). We also propose a novel extension of the test developed by Phillips et al. ( 2015 ) to a panel setting in order to exploit the large cross-sectional dimension of our international dataset. Statistically significant periods of exuberance are found in most countries. Moreover, we find strong evidence of the emergence of an unprecedented period of exuberance in the early 2000s that eventually collapsed around 2006 −07, preceding the 2008 −09 global recession. We examine whether macro and financial variables help to predict (in-sample) episodes of exuberance in housing markets. Long-term interest rates, credit growth and global economic conditions are found to be among the best predictors. We conclude that global factors (partly) explain the synchronization of exuberance episodes that we detect in the data in the 2000s.