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In Dying to Learn , Michael Hunzeker develops a novel theory to explain how wartime militaries learn. He focuses on the Western Front, which witnessed three great-power armies struggle to cope with deadlock throughout the First World War, as the British, French, and German armies all pursued the same solutions-assault tactics, combined arms, and elastic defense in depth. By the end of the war, only the German army managed to develop and implement a set of revolutionary offensive, defensive, and combined arms doctrines that in hindsight represented the best way to fight. Hunzeker identifies three organizational variables that determine how fighting militaries generate new ideas, distinguish good ones from bad ones, and implement the best of them across the entire organization. These factors are: the degree to which leadership delegates authority on the battlefield; how effectively the organization retains control over soldier and officer training; and whether or not the military possesses an independent doctrinal assessment mechanism. Through careful study of the British, French, and German experiences in the First World War, Dying to Learn provides a model that shows how a resolute focus on analysis, command, and training can help prepare modern militaries for adapting amidst high-intensity warfare in an age of revolutionary technological change.

Second language learning motivation has always been considered to be one of the most influential factors in language learning due to its undeniably substantial impacts. In comparison with research conducted in other areas of L2 motivation, there has been a paucity of research on L2 motivation change, especially in the Iranian language learning context. This study aimed at investigating motivation change among Iranian military EFL learners in an intensive English course. The participants included 61 Iranian military staff aged 23-35, who took part in an intensive English course at the military university's foreign language center. The data collection was conducted using a background information questionnaire, a contextualized and translated version of the mini-AMTB (Attitude Motivation Test Battery) and an interview with the selected participants. Quantitative descriptive analysis showed that the participants were highly motivated, with relatively low anxiety and high integrative motivation. Furthermore, a qualitative content analysis showed that situation-specific factors including management problems both at macro and micro levels, class timing, lesson planning, organizational interventions, teacher-related factors, and facilities were all motivational factors that played a significant role in motivating or demotivating learners. The results also showed that the learners moved from a state of high motivation to low motivation due to context-specific demotivational factors.

Blended, hybrid, mixed, or integrative learning are all expressions used to describe the combining of traditional classroom methods and independent study to create a new teaching methodology. The implementation of blended learning strategies allows schools to teach more students more efficiently and furthermore, because students are required to use online technologies in blended/online learning situations, they naturally acquire more technological literacy and greater confidence using technologies in their studies. Digitally delivered materials, either online or blended, also prepare students for lifelong learning and play an important role in their further development. Blended learning strategies also serve as a tool to achieve the required language level according to \"alma mater\" demands, especially if the number of lessons is not sufficient and learning outputs are high. It is not easy for students to pass the exam corresponding to B1 according to the Common European Framework of reference in four language skills if their entrance level is A1 or A2. The authors describe their experience with blended learning implementation in courses at military university. The first focus was placed upon reading and listening comprehension via online course called English for the Army), but later on writing and speaking skills were also developed. Speaking skills development via Discussion Club shows another initiative and the first outcome shows that this method is effective. Qualitative research, students work analyses and semi-structured interviews prove this statement.

This chapter discusses the challenges of facilitating the development of advanced learners of English in the Scandinavian military context. It focuses on meaningful interaction , which relates to military students’ professional language needs and the immediate context of their learning in university programs. These programs include content instruction and military exercises in English on topics relevant to war studies within a Masters degree. The paper describes a series of lessons taught at the Swedish National Defence College that bring together two program components, namely the students need to understand the military content of their subjects in English and their professional English language workplace requirements. It describes how the author used reading comprehension and the genre of presentation to develop a repertoire of questioning strategies for application in the defence workplace.

The literature around the use, efficacy and design of educational games and game-based learning approaches has been building up gradually and in phases, across different disciplines and in an ad hoc way. This has been problematic in a number of ways and resulted in fragmented literature and inconsistent referencing patterns between different sub-disciplines and countries. This is mainly because no distinct single-disciplinary perspective has emerged because of: the cross-disciplinary nature of educational games, a reliance on single-disciplinary contexts for studies, changing terminologies in different contexts and the use of multi-methodological approaches. Distinct perspectives from education science, game science, neuroscience and information science have deepened our understanding of play and games. This research has become more quantitative, rigorous and nuanced as a result of more studies focused upon therapeutic health applications of games, the serious games research movement and more efficacy and comparative studies that examine and quantify utility.