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"Military religious orders Europe History To 1500."
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On the Margins of Crusading
Founded to support Christian pilgrims to the Holy Land and most famous for their support for crusading, the Military Religious Orders' activities and interests stretched far beyond the frontiers of Christendom. Representing some of the most recent advances in research, in this volume eleven scholars from Europe and North America explore important and hitherto under-researched aspects of the Orders' history, scrutinising their relations with the papacy, their organisational structure, their devotional practices, their fortresses and their presence in the localities of Western Europe. Particular attention is given to the Templars' trial of 1307-12 and the question of how the surviving Orders reorganised themselves after the loss of the kingdom of Jerusalem in 1291. The majority of the papers consider the leading Military Orders, the Hospitallers and Templars, but there are also studies of the Orders of Mountjoy and of St Lazarus, showing how they adapted their activities to local requirements. These studies reflect the vitality of current scholarship on the Military Religious Orders.
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The Knights Templar
Over seven hundred years after the pope dissolved their Order, the Templars remain as controversial as ever. How could warriors also be monks? What did they really believe in? Why did they fail to protect the Holy Land? What impact did they have on society? Why were they dissolved–-were they really heretics? Based on the medieval evidence and the latest research by modern scholars, this book surveys some key areas of the Templars' history. It argues that despite their wide landholdings and apparent power the Templars‘ influence depended on the patronage of popes and kings, and that they were destroyed when their most powerful patron had more to gain than lose from their dissolution.
eBook
The Debate on the Trial of the Templars (1307-1314)
Seven hundred years after the dissolution of the order, the trial of the Templars still arouses enormous controversy and speculation. In October 1307, all the brothers of the military-religious order of the Temple in France were arrested on the instructions of King Philip IV and charged with heresy and other crimes. In 1312, Pope Clement V, at the Council of Vienne, dissolved the order. Since the 1970s, there has been increasing scholarly interest in the trial, and a series of books and articles have widened scholars' understanding of causes of this notorious affair, its course and its aftermath. However, many gaps in knowledge and understanding remain. What were the Templars doing in the months and years before the trial? Why did the king of France attack the Order? What evidence is there for the Templars' guilt? What became of the Templars and their property after the end of the Order? This book collects together the research of both junior and senior scholars from around the world in order to establish the current state of scholarship and identify areas for new research. Individual chapters examine various aspects of the background to the trial, the financial, political and religious context of the trial in France, the value of the Templars' testimonies, and consider the trial across the whole of Europe, from Poland and Cyprus to Ireland and Portugal. Rather than trying to close the discussion on the trial of the Templars, this book opens a new chapter in the ongoing scholarly debate.
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The Knights Hospitaller of the English Langue 1460-1565
This book examines the English-speaking branch, or langue, of the Hospital of St John of Jerusalem, a military order devoted to the care of the sick and defence of the Latin East and based successively, in this period, in Rhodes and Malta. The order's houses in Britain and Ireland, governed from priories at Clerkenwell and Kilmainham, supported these activities with men and money, and also provided spiritual and other services to the local population. This work examines the recruitment of British and Irish members of the order and their family ties and career structure as well as their relationship with society at large, mediated through their provision of spiritual services outside the parish network as well as through their offer of vicarious participation in the defence of the faith through the offer of confraternity. The administration of the order's estates by its members and their servants and families is analysed, and its despatch of resources to the east investigated. The support of the governing authorities of Britain and Ireland was crucial to the latter, and the Hospital was a significant component of the later medieval political order, so there is extended discussion of the order's relationship with the English and Scots' crowns and the Irish nobility. Finally, the activities of the langue in the Mediterranean are examined, attention being given to the careers of its members in the east, its role in the defence of Rhodes and Malta, and the position and functions of its chief officer, the turcopolier.
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Between Sword and Prayer
Between Sword and Prayer brings together diverse studies on the involvement of medieval European clergy in warfare and military activities, spanning a broad geographical range and multiple interpretive perspectives, including legal, literary, historical, and hagiographical approaches.
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Deeds Done Beyond the Sea
This volume celebrates Peter Edbury's career by bringing together essays focusing on his major research interests: the great historian of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, William of Tyre, and his chronicle; medieval Cyprus; and the Military Orders in the Middle Ages. All based on original research, contributions include new work on manuscripts from the twelfth to the seventeenth centuries; studies of language in William of Tyre; thematic surveys; legal and commercial investigations pertaining to Cyprus; aspects of memorialization, and biographical studies.
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