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Artificial intelligence and arms control in modern warfare
This work assesses the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on modern warfare. AI has led to a new arms race, which has impacted military dynamics among the superpowers in the 21st century. The study aims to evaluate the propagation of AI-powered weapons from the vantage point of ethics, international humanitarian law, and arms control. Secondary data is engaged for this study, and the exploratory and descriptive research design is adopted alongside a thematic analysis for data synthesis. The theories of technological determinism and consequentialism are adopted to observe the effects of technological advancement on weaponry alongside the ethical consequences of these weapons to safeguard human rights in combat scenarios. The study discovered that AI has led to a new arms race among the superpowers, and there is a need to advocate for arms control measures to promote international peace and security. The intersection between AI and arms proliferation, as well as how it has affected peace and security dynamics, was also detailed. The work concludes by reasserting the need for substantive international humanitarian laws and arms control efforts for lethal and autonomous weapons.
Journal Article
ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS IN EASTERN EUROPE
In recent years, more and more complex threats to security have emerged, highlighting the need for stronger and closer security cooperation at all levels. The crisis caused by virus SARS COV 2 brought to the forefront security in Europe, testing both the resilience once the infrastructure of critical complicated, and preparation for crisis situations and the means for managing them. Eastern Europe, plagued by various conflicts in recent decades, still faces many challenges today, such as uncontrolled population growth, declining living standards and climate change due to global warming. The latter will exacerbate the situation in the future. As environmental security is an emerging concern that cannot be addressed with traditional solutions, new ways of dealing with it need to be developed. Cooperation forms the core of such means, aiming an intersectoral approach and ensuring broad stakeholder participation in order to integrate the principle of sustainable development into national policies.
Journal Article
The Routledge Handbook of Counterterrorism and Counterinsurgency in Africa
This book illustrates how Africa's defence and security domains have been radically altered by drastic changes in world politics and local ramifications.
First, the contributions of numerous authors highlight the transnational dimensions of counterterrorism and counterinsurgency in Africa and reveal the roles played by African states and regional organisations in the global war on terror. Second, the volume critically evaluates the emerging regional architectures of countering terrorism, insurgency, and organised violence on the continent through the African Union Counterterrorism Framework (AU-CTF) and Regional Security Complexes (RSC). Third, the book sheds light on the counterterrorism and counterinsurgency (CT-COIN) structures and mechanisms established by specific African states to contain, degrade, and eliminate terrorism, insurgency, and organised violence on the continent, particularly the successes, constraints, and challenges of the emerging CT-COIN mechanisms. Finally, the volume highlights the entry of non-state actors - such as civil society, volunteer groups, private security companies, and defence contractors - into the theatre of counterterrorism and counterinsurgency in Africa through volunteerism, community support for state-led CT-COIN Operations, and civil-military cooperation (CIMIC).
This book will be of use to students and scholars of security studies, African studies, international relations, and terrorism studies, and to practitioners of development, defence, security, and strategy.
eBook
A Simulation Study on Spread of Disease and Control Measures in Closed Population Using ABM
An infectious disease can cause a detrimental effect on national security. A group such as the military called a “closed population”, which is a subset of the general population but has many distinct characteristics, must survive even in the event of a pandemic. Hence, it requires its own distinct solution during a pandemic. In this study, we investigate a simulation analysis for implementing an agent-based model that reflects the characteristics of agents and the environment in a closed population and finds effective control measures for making the closed population functional in the course of disease spreading.
Journal Article
State Control over Private Military and Security Companies in Armed Conflict
The past two decades have witnessed the rapid proliferation of private military and security companies (PMSCs) in armed conflicts around the world, with PMSCs participating in, for example, offensive combat, prisoner interrogation and the provision of advice and training. The extensive outsourcing of military and security activities has challenged conventional conceptions of the state as the primary holder of coercive power and raised concerns about the reduction in state control over the use of violence. Hannah Tonkin critically analyses the international obligations on three key states - the hiring state, the home state and the host state of a PMSC - and identifies the circumstances in which PMSC misconduct may give rise to state responsibility. This analysis will facilitate the assessment of state responsibility in cases of PMSC misconduct and set standards to guide states in developing their domestic laws and policies on private security.
eBook