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The Chilean miners' rescue
The story of the daring rescue of 33 miners trapped in a Chilean mine in 2010.
Book
Mine Rescue Manual - A Comprehensive Guide for Mine Rescue Team Members
This book will be your go-to guide if there's an accident at your mine. This book will walk you through every contingency: properly dealing with mine fires, toxic gases, loss of oxygen, injured workers, and more. It covers how to stay in legal, regulatory, and National Incident Management System compliance when responding to and reporting an accident. Also included is an extensive section on mine recovery (and potentially resuming operations) in the aftermath. This well-organized manual is designed to help you address your emergency successfully, maximizing the protection of human life while minimizing the cost not only of rescue and recovery, but to your corporate reputation.
eBook
Trapped : how the world rescued 33 miners from 2,000 feet below the Chilean desert
\"A middle grade nonfiction title about thirty-three miners trapped in a copper-gold mine in San Jose, Chile, and how experts from around the world--from drillers to astronauts to submarine specialists--came together to make their remarkable rescue possible\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Digital Twin of Coal Mine Rescue Robot—Research on Intelligence and Visualization
Mine disasters require urgent lifeline setup in confined tunnels, but manual rescue in unstable accident zones carries huge safety risks. Coal mine rescue robots (CMRRs) have become key equipment to replace manual rescue. However, traditional remote-controlled CMRRs suffer from low autonomy and weak environmental perception capability, which have become critical bottlenecks for field application. As an emerging technology in the mining field, digital twin enables high-precision virtual-real mapping and on-site operation guidance, providing a novel solution to the above problems. To realize autonomous navigation and digital twin visualization of the CMRR, this paper first carries out targeted hardware retrofits on the CMRR platform, upgrades environmental perception, communication transmission and motion control modules, and lays a solid hardware foundation for subsequent algorithm design and system implementation. Aiming at the complex post-disaster underground environment, a digital twin-integrated CMRR system is constructed. For intelligent autonomous navigation, this study investigates a 3D point cloud–based autonomous navigation framework and proposes a slope-fitting method as well as a maximum arrival probability obstacle avoidance method based on Bézier curve trajectories. For environmental visualization, a digital twin interactive interface is built to monitor gas and other environmental parameters in real time, and accurately reconstruct underground roadway structures based on point cloud data. This design not only ensures the robot’s autonomous obstacle avoidance but also helps rescuers grasp underground conditions in advance. Field tests in a simulated post-disaster mine with complex terrain show that the system can stably complete autonomous navigation tasks, maintain stable motion control under dynamic interference, and provide accurate and reliable environmental data for rescue decisions, verifying its feasibility and effectiveness in harsh mine rescue scenarios.
Journal Article
Hybrid Communication Architecture and Flexible Multi-Parameter Sensing Modules for Mine Rescue: Design and Preliminary Validation
Mine rescue operations are frequently conducted in hazardous underground environments characterized by damaged infrastructure, unstable communications, heat stress, and hypoxia risk, all of which threaten the safety of rescue personnel. To address these challenges, this study proposes a prototype-oriented mine-rescue monitoring framework that combines a Wi-Fi/optical-fiber communication architecture with flexible wearable sensing modules for physiological monitoring. The communication design employs Wi-Fi for local wireless data aggregation and optical fiber for reliable long-distance backhaul to the surface command side. For wearable monitoring, two flexible sensing modules were developed: a temperature sensor based on a polyaniline/graphene-polyvinyl butyral composite film and a PPG-oriented flexible optoelectronic module based on an ITO/Ag/ITO multilayer transparent electrode structure. Experimental results show that the temperature sensor exhibits a clear temperature-dependent resistance response within the tested range, while the optoelectronic module demonstrates low sheet resistance and acceptable electrical continuity under repeated bending. These results provide preliminary support for combining hybrid underground communication architecture with flexible wearable sensing components in mine-rescue scenarios. However, the present work remains at the stage of architecture design and component-level validation, and full end-to-end system verification under simulated or field rescue conditions will be the focus of future studies.
Journal Article
33 men : inside the miraculous survival and dramatic rescue of the Chilean miners
This is the account of the 2010 San Jose mine rescue in Chile, after one of the longest human entrapments in history. With his coveted \"rescue pass,\" the author was permitted access far past the police perimeter. It would be seventeen long days before the miners were discovered alive and the world press descended. It would be another fifty-two days before the miners were all successfully rescued. For eight weeks, the author conducted interviews with families, rescue workers, the mine psychologist, drill operators, scientists, and the architects of the rescue operation. He reported from an improvised office on the mountainside that was the nerve center of the rescue operation, in a makeshift container. Far below, families and loved ones lived in a cluster of tents known as Camp Hope. While the men were still underground, the author interviewed them via a crude telephone; he helped send vital supplies to them via the \"paloma\" (pigeon). And when the first miners were rescued on October 13, he had the first media contact with the recently freed men in a series of interviews from inside the field hospital. The book reads like a thriller, toggling between the dramatic chaos below ground as the men realized that their escape routes were blocked and that their shelter held only enough rations for ten men to survive seventy-two hours; and the desperate rescue efforts aboveground, the massive campaign from the top level of the Chilean government to enlist and unite brilliant minds from around the world in the San Jose rescue effort. In never before revealed detail, the author tells a story of the improbable survival of the miners, trapped some 2,200 feet underground for sixty-nine days. He also chronicles what had to go right, an impossibly long list, to rescue them all alive. The death-defying rescue demanded endurance, ingenuity, and most of all, unified fronts above and below ground. To be sure, none of this came easily. Based on more than 110 interviews with the miners, their families, and the rescue team, this account combines an eye for detail and dialogue with the remarkable human interest story of these miners struggling to survive in a savage environment.
Book
Optimization control of all-terrain rescue lift vehicle safety performance based on state feedback
The all-terrain rescue lift vehicle is instrumental in mining emergency rescue operations, with its operational stability being of utmost importance. This study focuses on the XZJ5240JQZ30 all-terrain rescue lift vehicle, optimizing its vehicle structure and steering system. A linear 2DOF model and a PID gain model were developed based on actual vehicle parameters. A feedback system was employed to adjust the rear-wheel steering angle, enabling four-wheel steering (4WS) vehicle control. Numerical simulations were conducted using TruckSim and Simulink software. Utilizing the classic Double lane-change scenario as a test scenario, the study compared variations in the vehicle's centroid slip angle and yaw rate at different speeds, analyzing the impact of PID gain on steering stability. Moreover, the relationship between the centroid height and 4WS vehicle stability at low speeds was examined. Based on these findings, practical application tests were performed on the XZJ5240JQZ30 all-terrain rescue lift vehicle, obtaining relevant data on steering angle error. The results indicate that vehicles equipped with the PID-optimized control system demonstrate significantly higher steering stability than those without it. Furthermore, in practical applications, the actual steering angle closely aligns with the theoretical values. This demonstrates that the proposed optimized control system has substantial practical application value.
Journal Article
Research on the Dynamic Model of Emergency Rescue Resource-Allocation Systems for Mine-Fire Accidents, Taking Liquid COsub.2 Transportation as an Example
After a mine-fire accident occurs, a large number of emergency resources need to be allocated to rescue those involved in the mine-fire accident. The allocation of emergency resources for mine-fire accidents has the characteristic of being a complex system with strong uncertainty. To investigate the impact of various variables on the allocation of emergency resources in mine-fire situations, this paper analyzes the relevant factors that influence the process of allocating emergency resources during mine fires. It defines the variables of the mine-fire emergency resource-allocation system based on relevant assumptions. Causal loop and stock flow diagrams are drawn to illustrate the relationships between the variables and the system dynamics equation. Finally, a system dynamics model for mine-fire emergency resource allocation is established. The Vensim software was used to simulate the model of a mine-fire emergency rescue. The simulation produced curves for the evolution rate of the fire, the arrival rate, the demand for emergency resources, in-transit resources, arrival, and the usage of resources during the emergency. The results indicate a positive correlation between the quantity of emergency resources in-transit and the arrival rate of emergency resources: they are positively correlated with the amount of emergency-management investment. Additionally, the duration of the maximum quantity of emergency resources in-transit is positively correlated with the length of the emergency resource-allocation route. On the other hand, the evolution rate of the mine fire and the arrival rate of its emergency resources are negatively correlated with the level of emergency management. The evolution rate of the mine fire becomes larger and the damage caused by the mine-fire accident is greater when the decision-making ability of commanders is at a low level.
Journal Article
Mine Emergency Rescue Capability Assessment Integrating Sustainable Development: A Combined Model Using Triple Bottom Line and Relative Difference Function
Assessing Mine Emergency Rescue Capability (MERC) is critical for ensuring mining safety and advancing sustainable development. However, existing MERC assessments often lack a holistic sustainability perspective. To bridge this gap, this study develops a MERC assessment model grounded in the Triple Bottom Line (TBL) framework, integrating the relative difference function (RDF) to address the fuzziness and subjectivity in evaluation processes. A hierarchical indicator system is constructed, comprising 5 primary factors and 25 sub-indicators across environmental, economic, and social dimensions, reflecting both immediate rescue effectiveness and long-term sustainability performance. Indicator weights are derived from a hybrid approach that combines the subjective G1 method with the objective entropy weight method. RDF is employed to compute membership degrees, and the final MERC level is determined by level characteristic values. The model is validated through an empirical study of six green mines in China. Results demonstrate robust performance and consistency with alternative methods and reveal the environmental dimension as the dominant driver within the TBL framework. This finding supports the ecology-first principle of green mining and underscores the alignment of high-level emergency preparedness with sustainable development objectives. By explicitly embedding sustainability principles into safety assessment, the proposed model provides a scientifically grounded tool to guide the green transformation of the mining industry. Future work will adapt the model to diverse mining contexts and refine the indicators to better support global sustainability goals.
Journal Article