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"Mineral Resources"
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Thermal and mineral waters : origin, properties and applications
This is a compilation of manuscripts on mineral and thermal waters of different areas of the world. This special volume is devoted to the 41st Meeting of the This is a compilation of manuscripts on mineral and thermal waters of different areas of the world. This special volume is devoted to the 41st Meeting of the Commission on Mineral and Thermal Waters of International Association of Hydrogeologists (IAH-CMTW) held in Cairo, Egypt, in October 2009. The presentations collected and presented in this volume show the variety of aspects of mineral and thermal waters occurrence and utilization in different countries of the world with a special focus on Egypt, Iran, Ukraine, Poland, Russia and Australia.
Book
Culture and Conflicts in Sierra Leone Mining
This book argues that mining area conflicts of Sub-Saharan African countries, like Sierra Leone, and their impacts on mineral development and policy stem from cultural differences in land governance. Extractive industries operating under state laws, which have roots in colonial policies, clash with customary land governance system through landlord-stranger relations.
eBook
Subterranean Struggles
Over the past two decades, the extraction of nonrenewable resources in Latin America has given rise to many forms of struggle, particularly among disadvantaged populations. The first analytical collection to combine geographical and political ecological approaches to the post-1990s changes in Latin America's extractive economy,Subterranean Strugglesclosely examines the factors driving this expansion and the sociopolitical, environmental, and political economic consequences it has wrought.
In this analysis, more than a dozen experts explore the many facets of struggles surrounding extraction, from protests in the vicinity of extractive operations to the everyday efforts of excluded residents who try to adapt their livelihoods while industries profoundly impact their lived spaces. The book explores the implications of extractive industry for ideas of nature, region, and nation; \"resource nationalism\" and environmental governance; conservation, territory, and indigenous livelihoods in the Amazon and Andes; everyday life and livelihood in areas affected by small- and large-scale mining alike; and overall patterns of social mobilization across the region.
Arguing that such struggles are an integral part of the new extractive economy in Latin America, the authors document the increasingly conflictive character of these interactions, raising important challenges for theory, for policy, and for social research methodologies. Featuring works by social and natural science authors, this collection offers a broad synthesis of the dynamics of extractive industry whose relevance stretches to regions beyond Latin America.
eBook
Under a metal sky : a journey through minerals, greed and wonder
The discovery of minerals beneath our feet has transformed our species. Ochre first prompted humans to express themselves in art; tin and copper helped instigate the Bronze Age and later the Industrial Revolution; silver kick-started the engines of global trade. Each of these substances generated a leap forward in technology, each one opened the imagination a little further - and each one brought with it a cache of unexpected dangers. 'Under A Metal Sky' begins and ends in Philip Marsden's homeland of Cornwall, one of the world's great geological hotspots. Rich with revelations, this book traces the dazzling achievements and dark consequences of our ability to extract what we want from the earth, and presents a fascinating new perspective on European history and on our troubled relationship with the natural world.
BOOK
Status and Prospects of the Development of Deep-Sea Polymetallic Nodule-Collecting Technology
The deep-sea is rich in mineral resources, and deep-sea polymetallic nodules are considered to be the most likely resource for commercial exploitation. Since the discovery of polymetallic nodules by mankind, researchers around the world have made long and arduous explorations in the exploitation of deep-sea polymetallic nodules and have proposed various mining methods, such as the dragging bucket type, the continuous bucket rope type, the automatic shuttle boat type, and the pipeline -lifting type, and have carried out technical verification accordingly. In the collection of seabed polymetallic nodules, the development and testing of towed type, spiral-driven type, crawler self-propelled type, and suspended type technologies have been carried out, basically realizing the mining technology verification of seabed polymetallic nodules and providing technical support for commercial development. However, according to the demand for commercial development, there are still many technical difficulties in polymetallic nodule-collecting technology, and more focus needs to be placed on the efficiency, environmental protection, intelligence, safety, and reliability of the collecting system in the future. This paper compares the existing progress in collection technology and equipment, and provides ideas and references for the research and development of deep-sea polymetallic nodule-mining technology and equipment.
Journal Article
Ecological functional zoning for mineral resource development in Xizang, China
Xizang is an important base of mineral resources, hosting abundant deposits. However, its unique and fragile ecological environment has long constrained resource development and utilization. Achieving a balance between ecological protection and mineral resource exploitation has become a pressing issue. This study proposes a novel approach for ecological functional zoning to provide scientific evidence for mineral resource development in Xizang. The study employs remote sensing image interpretation and single-factor ecological indicators analysis to construct a comprehensive ecological environment assessment system, scientifically delineating ecological function zoning for mineral resource development in Xizang. The results indicate that Xizang can be divided into five functional zones: (I) Northern Plateau Desert Zone, (II) Plateau Grassland Zone, (III) Plateau Mountain Zone, (IV) High Mountain-Forest Zone, and (V) Eastern Canyon Zone. Zone I and Zone III exhibit relatively favorable conditions for development but also face significant ecological vulnerability. Therefore, development activities in these areas must be rigorously controlled to minimize environmental disturbances. Zone II and Zone IV impose substantial constraints on resource development due to the heightened sensitivity of their ecosystems, necessitating stringent conservation measures. While Zone V demonstrates strong ecological restoration capabilities, it remains highly susceptible to water resource contamination and soil erosion risks. The innovative outcomes of this study lie in integrating comprehensive regional zoning and quantitative ecological environment assessments, providing an actionable framework for the coordinated development of mineral resources and ecological protection, thus advancing the scientific and refined management of resources and the environment.
Journal Article
Mineral deposits, exploration and ore-reserve estimation
\"This third volume of the Business of Mining set commences with \"Our Earth, its Minerals and Ore Bodies\", followed by a review of mineral exploration and sampling of mineral deposits. It continues with detailed sections covering the reporting of mineral resources and reserves in Australia, and concludes with the basic principles and application of the various methods of estimating the in-situ mineral resources and ore reserves. The books were written primarily for undergraduate applied geologists, mining engineers and extractive metallurgists and those pursuing course-based postgraduate programs in mineral economics\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology of Hazardous Heavy Metals: Environmental Persistence, Toxicity, and Bioaccumulation
Heavy metals are well-known environmental pollutants due to their toxicity, persistence in the environment, and bioaccumulative nature. Their natural sources include weathering of metal-bearing rocks and volcanic eruptions, while anthropogenic sources include mining and various industrial and agricultural activities. Mining and industrial processing for extraction of mineral resources and their subsequent applications for industrial, agricultural, and economic development has led to an increase in the mobilization of these elements in the environment and disturbance of their biogeochemical cycles. Contamination of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems with toxic heavy metals is an environmental problem of public health concern. Being persistent pollutants, heavy metals accumulate in the environment and consequently contaminate the food chains. Accumulation of potentially toxic heavy metals in biota causes a potential health threat to their consumers including humans. This article comprehensively reviews the different aspects of heavy metals as hazardous materials with special focus on their environmental persistence, toxicity for living organisms, and bioaccumulative potential. The bioaccumulation of these elements and its implications for human health are discussed with a special coverage on fish, rice, and tobacco. The article will serve as a valuable educational resource for both undergraduate and graduate students and for researchers in environmental sciences. Environmentally relevant most hazardous heavy metals and metalloids include Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Hg, and As. The trophic transfer of these elements in aquatic and terrestrial food chains/webs has important implications for wildlife and human health. It is very important to assess and monitor the concentrations of potentially toxic heavy metals and metalloids in different environmental segments and in the resident biota. A comprehensive study of the environmental chemistry and ecotoxicology of hazardous heavy metals and metalloids shows that steps should be taken to minimize the impact of these elements on human health and the environment.
Journal Article