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Tuberculosis must fall! : a multisector partnership to address TB in southern Africa's mining sector
Presents key activities, promising practices, and lessons learned to date from the World Bank's Tuberculosis (TB) in the Mining Sector Initiative, an innovative multisectoral, multicountry, public-private regional initiative. It examines how a collaborative platform was established to cover 10 southern African countries, and it details the processes through which multiple countries, ministries, sectors, and partners have been brought together to address the varied dimensions of the epidemic. The case studies in this book highlight the significant progress and achievements made since 2010 in the effort to develop a regional platform for addressing TB in the mining sector in southern Africa. The primary focus of the case studies is how these cooperative regional processes-- at both technical and political levels-- have been designed, implemented, managed, and sustained through various partnerships to complement country-level efforts. The case studies provide an evidence base for practitioners working in TB management in the mining sector. Despite the achievements that have been made and their potential to strengthen TB interventions, critical gaps remain in addressing barriers to access, delivery of quality services, and increased uptake of TB services. The case studies explore these key challenges and gaps, and they offer strategies for replicating successes and addressing complex health-service delivery interventions in other regions around the world. Further action is needed, including better compliance with occupational health and safety standards by mining companies; strengthened community health systems and improved coordination of TB care; increased empowerment and participation of women in the mining sector; and improved tracking and tracing of ex-mineworkers across borders. The aim of the book is to provide helpful models, lessons learned, and recommendations that can be used as a starting point for analyzing the risks, opportunities, incentives, and contexts of regional health cooperation that involves multiple sectors and stakeholders.
Book
Black Lung
In the definitive history of a twentieth-century public health disaster, Alan Derickson recounts how, for decades after methods of prevention were known, hundreds of thousands of American miners suffered and died from black lung, a respiratory illness caused by the inhalation of coal mine dust. The combined failure of government, medicine, and industry to halt the spread of this disease-and even to acknowledge its existence-resulted in a national tragedy, the effects of which are still being felt.
The book begins in the late nineteenth century, when the disorders brought on by exposure to coal mine dust were first identified as components of a debilitating and distinctive illness. For several decades thereafter, coal miners' dust disease was accepted, in both lay and professional circles, as a major industrial disease. Derickson describes how after the turn of the century medical professionals and industry representatives worked to discredit and supplant knowledge about black lung, with such success that this disease ceased to be recognized. Many authorities maintained that breathing coal mine dust was actually beneficial to health.
Derickson shows that activists ultimately forced society to overcome its complacency about this deadly and preventable disease. He chronicles the growth of an unprecedented movement-from the turn-of-the-century miners' union, to the social medicine activists in the mid-twentieth century, and the black lung insurgents of the late sixties-which eventually won landmark protections and compensation with the enactment of the Federal Coal Mine Health and Safety Act in 1969. An extraordinary work of scholarship,Black Lungexposes the enormous human cost of producing the energy source responsible for making the United States the world's preeminent industrial nation.
eBook
Associated factors of anxiety and depressive symptoms among coal miners in Shanxi, China: a cross-sectional study
Background and objectives
Coal miners are exposed to a significant risk of anxiety and depression due to challenging work environment. However, there is a lack of studies comprehensively examining the associated factors of anxiety and depressive symptoms among coal miners. Our study aimed to identify these associated factors among Chinese coal miners in Shanxi Province.
Methods
In August and September 2022, a cross-sectional study was conducted using a cluster sampling method to enroll all workers from the L coal mines in Linfen City, China. Data were collected using a self-designed and administered online questionnaire, which included the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale 10-item (CESD-10) to assess anxiety and depressive symptoms, along with questions on sociodemographics, work-related factors, health status, and lifestyle factors. Logistic regression was used to identify associated factors for anxiety and depressive symptoms. Sensitivity analysis was conducted using linear regression.
Results
A total of 1,027 participants were included in the analysis. Among them, 278 (27.07%) exhibited anxiety symptoms, and 238 (23.17%) showed depressive symptoms. In the multivariable logistic regression, associated factors identified for both anxiety and depressive symptoms included having direct or indirect safety accident experience (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] for anxiety: 1.76, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.29 ~ 2.40; aOR for depression: 1.72, 95% CI: 1.25 ~ 2.38), presence of occupational diseases (aOR for anxiety: 4.00, 95% CI: 1.51 ~ 11.10; aOR for depression: 3.36, 95% CI: 1.25 ~ 9.23), self-reported non-optimal health status (aOR for anxiety: 1.68, 95% CI: 1.19 ~ 2.37; aOR for depression: 2.01, 95% CI: 1.41 ~ 2.85), current alcohol consumption (aOR for anxiety: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.27 ~ 2.66; aOR for depression: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.12 ~ 2.41), and sleep duration of less than 7 hours (aOR for anxiety: 1.84, 1.36 ~ 2.50; aOR for depression: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.25 ~ 2.36). In addition, working in a management position (aOR: 1.99, 95% CI: 1.02 ~ 3.96) was positively associated with anxiety symptoms.
Conclusions
Our study identified key factors associated with anxiety and depressive symptoms among Chinese coal miners. Management was more likely to experience anxiety symptoms. These findings underscore the need for targeted mental health interventions within the coal mining industry to improve their well-being.
Journal Article
The Nature of Gold
In 1896, a small group of prospectors discovered a stunningly rich pocket of gold at the confluence of the Klondike and Yukon rivers, and in the following two years thousands of individuals traveled to the area, hoping to find wealth in a rugged and challenging setting. Ever since that time, the Klondike Gold Rush - especially as portrayed in photographs of long lines of gold seekers marching up Chilkoot Pass - has had a hold on the popular imagination.
In this first environmental history of the gold rush, Kathryn Morse describes how the miners got to the Klondike, the mining technologies they employed, and the complex networks by which they obtained food, clothing, and tools. She looks at the political and economic debates surrounding the valuation of gold and the emerging industrial economy that exploited its extraction in Alaska, and explores the ways in which a web of connections among America s transportation, supply, and marketing industries linked miners to other industrial and agricultural laborers across the country. The profound economic and cultural transformations that supported the Alaska-Yukon gold rush ultimately reverberate to modern times.
The story Morse tells is often narrated through the diaries and letters of the miners themselves. The daunting challenges of traveling, working, and surviving in the raw wilderness are illustrated not only by the miners compelling accounts but by newspaper reports and advertisements. Seattle played a key role as gateway to the Klondike. A public relations campaign lured potential miners to the West and local businesses seized the opportunity to make large profits while thousands of gold seekers streamed through Seattle.
The drama of the miners journeys north, their trials along the gold creeks, and their encounters with an extreme climate will appeal not only to scholars of the western environment and of late-19th-century industrialism, but to readers interested in reliving the vivid adventure of the West s last great gold rush.
eBook
Perceptions about malaria among Brazilian gold miners in an Amazonian border area: perspectives for malaria elimination strategies
Background
Mining in the Amazon exposes gold miners to various diseases, including malaria, whose control is still a major challenge. The environment of the mines contributes to the proliferation of vector mosquitoes and the precarious housing conditions facilitate transmission of the disease. Understanding gold miners’ perceptions is essential for the formulation of strategies to fight malaria. A qualitative study was carried out in the municipality of Calçoene, state of Amapá, Brazilian Amazon adjointining the municipality of Oiapoque, that is in the border area with French Guiana and Suriname.
Methods
A semi-structured interview was applied to an intentional sample of 29 miners, a number determined by the theoretical saturation criterion. Thematic analysis was adopted to obtain the results and the Cohen's Kappa index was calculated to verify the agreement between observers during coding.
Results
The agreement between observers was verified by a Cohen's Kappa index of 0.82. Analysis of the interviews showed that gold miners were subjected to prejudice from the community due to forest diseases that they can transmit, and their activities are often associated with crime. When the miners return to their hometown after a period of mining, the urban population blames them for the onset of diseases such as malaria. Most participants in the survey did not know how malaria transmission occurs, and associated its occurrence with contaminated water and food. Participants reported not being afraid of the disease, trusting the diagnosis and available treatment, though this depends on where they are treated. The use of therapeutic resources, such as medicinal plants and medicines acquired in the illegal market, is very common in this population. Despite the challenges identified by the research subjects, they believe that the disease can be controlled, or the cases reduced, but there was low acceptability for a possible mass drug administration (MDA) intervention.
Conclusion
Despite a recent reduction in malaria prevalence in Brazil, there are still vulnerable populations, such as gold miners, who help to perpetuate the existence of the disease in the Amazon. The lack of knowledge regarding how the transmission of malaria occurs, associated with myths regarding this and the use of traditional health practices and illegal drugs for the treatment of the disease without a specific diagnosis, jeopardizes the country’s efforts to eliminate malaria. It is necessary to implement control programmes in these populations, especially those who frequently travel around the border region and to remote locations, which are difficult regions for health teams to access, thus hindering diagnostic and treatment actions. For this reason, understanding the perceptions of these individuals as well as their customs, beliefs and lifestyle, can assist in the production of targeted educational material and adoption of strategies in the elimination of malaria in the country.
Journal Article