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The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has had widespread social, psychological, and economic impacts. However, these impacts are not distributed equally: already marginalized populations, specifically racial/ethnic minority groups and sexual and gender minority populations, may be more likely to suffer the effects of COVID-19. The COVID-19 Resiliency Survey was conducted by the city of Chicago to assess the impact of COVID-19 on city residents in the wake of Chicago’s initial lockdown, with particular focus on the experiences of minority populations. Chi-square tests of independence were performed to compare COVID-19-related outcomes and impacts on heterosexual vs. sexual minority populations, cisgender vs. gender minority populations, and White vs. racial/ethnic minority subgroups. Marginalized populations experienced significant disparities in COVID-19 exposure, susceptibility, and treatment access, as well as in psychosocial effects of the pandemic. Notably, Black and Latinx populations reported significant difficulties accessing food and supplies (p = 0.002). Healthcare access disparities were also visible, with Black and Latinx respondents reporting significantly lower levels of access to a provider to see if COVID-19 testing would be appropriate (p = 0.013), medical services (p = 0.001), and use of telehealth for mental health services (p = 0.001). Sexual minority respondents reported significantly lower rates of using telehealth for mental health services (p = 0.011), and gender minority respondents reported significantly lower levels of primary care provider access (p = 0.016). There are evident COVID-19 disparities experienced in Chicago especially for Black, Latinx, sexual minority, and gender minority groups. A greater focus must be paid to health equity, including providing increased resources and supplies for affected groups, adapting to inequities in the built environment, and ensuring adequate access to healthcare services to ameliorate the burden of COVID-19 on these marginalized populations.

Known disparities exist in the availability of pharmacogenomic information for minority populations, amplifying uncertainty around clinical utility for these groups. We conducted a multi-site inpatient pharmacogenomic implementation program among self-identified African-Americans (AA; n = 135) with numerous rehospitalizations (n = 341) from 2017 to 2020 (NIH-funded ACCOuNT project/clinicaltrials.gov#NCT03225820). We evaluated the point-of-care availability of patient pharmacogenomic results to healthcare providers via an electronic clinical decision support tool. Among newly added medications during hospitalizations and at discharge, we examined the most frequently utilized medications with associated pharmacogenomic results. The population was predominantly female (61%) with a mean age of 53 years (range 19–86). On average, six medications were newly prescribed during each individual hospital admission. For 48% of all hospitalizations, clinical pharmacogenomic information was applicable to at least one newly prescribed medication. Most results indicated genomic favorability, although nearly 29% of newly prescribed medications indicated increased genomic caution (increase in toxicity risk/suboptimal response). More than one of every five medications prescribed to AA patients at hospital discharge were associated with cautionary pharmacogenomic results (most commonly pantoprazole/suboptimal antacid effect). Notably, high-risk pharmacogenomic results (genomic contraindication) were exceedingly rare. We conclude that the applicability of pharmacogenomic information during hospitalizations for vulnerable populations at-risk for experiencing health disparities is substantial and warrants continued prospective investigation.

Objective Suicidal behaviors among young Black sexual gender minority males ages 14–24 is a pressing issue that requires urgent attention. This study aims to fill a significant gap in the literature by investigating how internal assets impact suicidal behaviors among young Black sexual minority men (SMM) ages 14–24. Methods This study utilized a cross-sectional survey of young Black SMM ( N  = 538) from December 1, 2023, to January 31, 2024, to examine the influence of internal assets (such as positive values, positive identity) on suicidal behaviors. A logistic regression was performed to examine the associations between internal assets and suicidal behaviors. Results Our findings indicated that positive identity was associated with lower levels of suicidal behaviors (β = − 0.29; p  < 0.001). Positive values (β = − 0.24; p  < 0.001) and social competencies (β = − 0.29; p  < 0.001) were also associated with fewer suicidal behaviors. Conclusions Our results indicate that internal assets play a significant role in influencing suicidal behaviors among young Black sexual gender minority males. By promoting positive values, positive identity, and social competencies, we can help build resilience and reduce the risk of suicide among Black SMM.

Background Prevalence rates of mental health disorders, non-suicidal self-injury and suicidality among Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer and Asexual (LGBTQA+) higher education students are consistently higher than rates for heterosexual students. Nevertheless, in the United Kingdom, there remains limited prevalence data and evidence on the risk factors that confer increased risk of suicide among this population. The purpose of the present study was to investigate mental health disorders, childhood adversities, and recent stressors as risk factors for non-suicidal self-injury, and suicidality among LGBTQA + students. Methods The Student Psychological Interventional Trial (SPIT) was conducted as part of the World Mental Health International College Student Initiative (WMH-ICS). First year undergraduate students aged 18–24 years were recruited ( n  = 1525), including LGBTQA + students ( n  = 190). Chi-squared test of independence was used to identify significant differences in lifetime prevalence rates between heterosexual and LGBTQA + students. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses examined the associations between mental health disorders, childhood adversities, recent stressors, non-suicidal self-injury, and suicidality among LGBTQA + students. Results LGBTQA + students were significantly more likely to have experienced mental health difficulties, childhood adversities, recent stressors, non-suicidal self-injury, and suicidality than their heterosexual counterparts. One in four LGBTQA + students reported experiencing major depressive episode, and non-suicidal self-injury in their lifetime. LGBTQA + students also reported earlier onset of mental health disorders and suicidality, with much higher rates of interpersonal conflict, and probable post-traumatic stress disorder. Among LGBTQA + students, major depressive disorder, probable post-traumatic stress disorder, and non-suicidal self-injury were significantly associated with an increased likelihood of suicidal ideation and suicide plan. Childhood adversities, and recent stressors such as bullying were significantly associated with an increased likelihood of suicide attempt. Conclusions Our findings highlight the existing mental health disparities, childhood adversities, and recent stressors which may contribute to higher prevalence rates of non-suicidal self-injury, and suicidality among LGBTQA + students. The results emphasise the importance of early intervention, prevention, and treatment, focused on reducing the impact of childhood adversities and recent stressors such as bullying. In addressing these risk factors, educational settings may offer unique opportunities for the practice of inclusion, preventative care, and harm reduction for LGBTQA + students.

Background Adolescent suicidality has become an alarming public health concern. Perceived gender nonconformity has been identified as a risk factor for suicidality. Several factors (e. g. bullying and depression) have been posited as potential mechanisms through which perceived gender nonconformity is associated with suicidality; however, nascent research indicates instability in these associates due to youth’s exposure to intersectional forms of marginalization. This study aimed to examine an intersectional serial mediation model of adolescent suicidality by investigating the consistency of bullying and depression as prominent potential mediating mechanisms. Methods Hypotheses were tested using data derived from youths who participated in the 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System ( n  = 70,047). We constructed an initial serial multiple mediation model that included all participants to examine whether the association of perceived gender nonconformity with suicidality among youth was mediated by bullying and/or depression. The goal of this model was to investigate the total and direct effects, reflected by the standardized regression coefficient and significance among the independent and dependent variables, and to assess 3 indirect effects, which that showed a change in suicidality for every 1-unit change in perceived gender nonconformity that the potential mediator mediated. We then conducted a multigroup analysis, using youth’s intersectional identities as a group variable. Results Overall, perceived gender nonconformity was positively associated with suicidality. This association was serially mediated by bullying and depression; however, these effects varied by youth’s intersectional social location. The direct association between perceived gender nonconformity and suicidality consistently emerged among all straight youth groups, with Black Straight Females and Males being notable exceptions. The full hypothesized serial mediation model could only be reproduced among Hispanic Straight Males; however, a partial mediation via bullying was demonstrated among White Bisexual Males. Conclusions This research has implications for understanding the potential underlying mechanisms that link perceived gender nonconformity to suicidality among adolescents. The hypothesized cascade of contextual risk factors for adolescent suicidality seems to be more harmful among Hispanic Straight Males. Studying contextual mechanisms can help develop therapeutic interventions that target adolescents most at-risk of suicidality.

While patient-centered communication (PCC) has been recognized for its potential to enhance health and well-being, existing research presents mixed findings, partly due to limited attention to intermediary processes. Additionally, disparities in communication quality leave minority populations at a disadvantage, experiencing less effective communication and lower levels of patient-centeredness. This study addresses these gaps by examining how different PCC functions influence both general and mental health outcomes within minority populations. Furthermore, it investigates the role of health competence as a potential mediator, given its importance in navigating the healthcare system. This study used secondary data from four iterations spanning from 2011 to 2022 (HINTS 4 Cycle 1 - 2011, HINTS 5 Cycle 1 - 2017, HINTS 5 Cycle 4 - 2020, HINTS 6 Cycle 1 - 2022) with a sample size of n  = 5501, focusing exclusively on individuals from minority racial backgrounds. The study used ANOVA, chi-square tests, and multiple linear regressions to investigate how different PCC functions and sociodemographic factors affect general health, health competence, and mental health within these populations. The present study revealed that PCC has varying impacts on the reporting of general and mental health within minority populations. Although we observed positive associations, they were not consistent across all the patients. In certain years, specific PCC dimensions demonstrated significant relationships with mental health, emphasizing their influence on mental well-being. Health competence emerged as a crucial mediator between PCC and health outcomes, particularly in terms of general health. This study provides valuable insights into the relationships between PCC and health competence and health outcomes among minority populations. These findings emphasize the importance of tailored healthcare approaches for minority populations, recognizing the multifaceted nature of healthcare interactions.

Urban decentralisation in the USA during the past five decades has created an automobile-dependent landscape characterised by low-densities, largely single-use zoning and disconnected street networks. Longer distances between dispersing destinations, resulting from urban decentralisation, negatively affects the mobility of socially disadvantaged groups, including women, minorities and lower-income populations. Furthermore, the urban poor and minorities in communities experiencing severe disinvestment and decline, as evident in Detroit, suffer from greater transportation burdens in accessing basic necessities, such as employment and shopping. This study explores gendered travel patterns in six neighbourhoods within the Detroit region, including neighbourhoods experiencing severe disinvestment and decline. This analysis into the gendered dimensions of travel, with a particular focus placed on women, involves a full array of trips, including work and non-work. Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression analysis and ANCOVA (Analysis of Covariance) were used to further examine gender differences by childcare responsibility in an extensive array of disaggregated travel, including trips to work, shopping and personal services, restaurant visits and leisure destinations. This study reconfirms that the traditional gender role is reflected in women’s daily travel. It also reveals the burdens of travel placed on women living in racially segregated and socioeconomically disadvantaged neighbourhoods experiencing extreme disinvestment and decline. In addition, the research shows the importance of class and race in shaping travel behaviour. 过去五十年来，美国的城市去中心化造成了一种依赖汽车的格局，其特征是低密度、很大程度上单一用途的分区和相互不连通的街道网络。城市去中心化导致的各个分散化的目的地之间交通距离更长，对包括妇女、少数族群和低收入人群在内的社会弱势群体的流动产生了消极影响。此外，在底特律这样经历严重的负投资和衰落过程的城市，城市贫困人口和少数族群在获取工作机会和购物等基本必需品方面遭遇了更大的交通压力。本研究考察了底特律地区六个居住区不同性别人群的出行模式，包括经历严重负投资和衰落的居住区。对出行的性别化维度的分析，尤其是对女性出行模式的分析，涉及全面的出行需求，包括工作出行和非工作出行。我们运用 OLS（普通最小平方）回归分析和 ANCOVA（共变分析）来进一步考察在一系列分散型出行中不同性别在儿童照料责任方面的差异，包括工作出行、购物和个人服务出行、餐馆和休闲目的地出行。本研究印证了传统的性别分工反映在妇女的日常出行中。它也揭示，在经历了严重负投资和衰落的街区，生活在种族区隔、社会经济弱势状况下的妇女遭受出行压力。此外，本研究表明了阶层和种族在塑造出行行为方面的重要性。

China, is characterized by its remarkable ethnical diversity, which necessitates whole genome variation data from multiple populations as crucial tools for advancing population genetics and precision medical research. However, there has been a scarcity of research concentrating on the whole genome of ethnic minority groups. To fill this gap, we developed the Guizhou Multi-ethnic Genome Database (GMGD). It comprises whole genome sequencing data from 476 healthy unrelated individuals spanning 11 ethnic minorities groups in Guizhou Province, Southwest China, including Bouyei, Dong, Miao, Yi, Bai, Gelo, Zhuang, Tujia, Yao, Hui, and Sui. The GMGD database comprises more than 16.33 million variants in GRCh38 and 16.20 million variants in GRCh37. Among these, approximately 11.9% (1,956,322) of the variants in GRCh38 and 18.5% (3,009,431) of the variants in GRCh37 are entirely new and do not exist in the dbSNP database. These novel variants shed light on the genetic diversity landscape across these populations, providing valuable insights with an average coverage of 5.5 ×. This makes GMGD the largest genome-wide database encompassing the most diverse ethnic groups to date. The GMGD interactive interface facilitates researchers with multi-dimensional mutation search methods and displays population frequency differences among global populations. Furthermore, GMGD is equipped with a genotype-imputation function, enabling enhanced capabilities for low-depth genomic research or targeted region capture studies. GMGD offers unique insights into the genomic variation landscape of different ethnic groups, which are freely accessible at https://db.cngb.org/pop/gmgd/ .

Older African Americans’ participation in health-related research is severely limited; they are not involved in sufficient numbers to ensure the applicability of advancements in medical and behavioral health. This research participation gap exacerbates older African Americans’ vulnerability to poor health outcomes and disparities. The Michigan Center for Urban African American Aging Research employs a progressive community-based participatory model that utilizes a structured community advisory board (CAB) of African American older adults in metro Detroit, Michigan to oversee the research recruitment and retention of fellow minority older adult research participants. CAB members develop and support community health programming that provides free resources to older adults and also serves as fertile ground for recruiting participants in a volunteer research registry. CAB members are also provided ongoing training on social and behavioral health research and are supported in acting as a consultancy to outside researchers where they can be compensated for their expertise and engagement. This community-engaged model of sustaining a CAB of African American older adults offers key lessons learned on building relationships and trust, valuing and leveraging community members’ expertise and time, sharing decision-making, and fostering genuine community all while promoting research recruitment and retention among underserved populations.

Little is known about sexual minority adults' willingness to use digital health tools, such as pandemic-related tools for screening and tracking, outside of HIV prevention and intervention efforts for sexual minority men, specifically. Additionally, given the current cultural climate in the United States, heterosexual and sexual minority adults may differ in their willingness to use digital health tools, and there may be within-group differences among sexual minority adults. This study compared sexual minority and heterosexual adults' willingness to use COVID-19-related digital health tools for public health screening and tracking and tested whether sexual minority adults differed from each other by age group, gender, and race or ethnicity. We analyzed data from a cross-sectional, national probability survey (n=2047) implemented from May 30 to June 8, 2020, in the United States during the height of the public health response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Using latent-variable modeling, heterosexual and sexual minority adults were tested for differences in their willingness to use digital health tools for public health screening and tracking. Among sexual minority adults, specifically, associations with age, gender, and race or ethnicity were assessed. On average, sexual minority adults showed greater willingness to use digital health tools for screening and tracking than heterosexual adults (latent factor mean difference 0.46, 95% CI 0.15-0.77). Among sexual minority adults, there were no differences by age group, gender, or race or ethnicity. However, African American (b=0.41, 95% CI 0.19-0.62), Hispanic or Latino (b=0.36, 95% CI 0.18-0.55), and other racial or ethnic minority (b=0.54, 95% CI 0.31-0.77) heterosexual adults showed greater willingness to use digital health tools for screening and tracking than White heterosexual adults. In the United States, sexual minority adults were more willing to use digital health tools for screening and tracking than heterosexual adults. Sexual minority adults did not differ from each other by age, gender, or race or ethnicity in terms of their willingness to use these digital health tools, so no sexual orientation-based or intersectional disparities were identified. Furthermore, White heterosexual adults were less willing to use these tools than racial or ethnic minority heterosexual adults. Findings support the use of digital health tools with sexual minority adults, which could be important for other public health-related concerns (eg, the recent example of mpox). Additional studies are needed regarding the decision-making process of White heterosexual adults regarding the use of digital health tools to address public health crises, including pandemics or outbreaks that disproportionately affect minoritized populations.