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"Missing persons Australia."
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White vanishing : rethinking Australia's lost-in-the-bush myth
\"The story of the vulnerable white person vanishing without trace into the harsh Australian landscape is a potent and compelling element in multiple genres of mainstream Australian culture. It has been sung in \"Little Boy Lost,\" brought to life on the big screen in Picnic at Hanging Rock, immortalized in Henry Lawson's poems of lost tramps, and preserved in the history books' tales of Leichhardt or Burke and Wills wandering in mad circles.\"--publisher website.
Book
Letters to Lindy
‘The most powerful thing that has been done on my story, and the most true to what I lived through.’ — Lindy Chamberlain-CreightonThe court case captivated a nation. A mother accused of murdering her child, her claim—that the baby was taken by a dingo—denied and discredited by zealous police and a flawed legal system. The media circus, the rumours, the nation’s prejudices laid bare. And in the eye of the storm: Lindy Chamberlain-Creighton.Over three decades, from baby Azaria’s death to the final coroner’s report, the public’s fascination with Lindy seldom waned. The National Library holds a collection of more than 20,000 letters to Lindy. From sympathy to abuse, from marriage proposals to death threats, the correspondence traverses the gamut of responses to Lindy’s story.
eBook
Never never
Detective Harriet Blue of the Sydney Police Department prides herself on an uncanny ability to catch the most deviant of criminals. When her brother is charged with a brutal string of murders, she is transferred to avoid the media circus. Investigating the disappearance of a worker in an isolated mine deep inside the desolate Australian outback, she uncovers an insular society that has sprung up around the mine. It's a world full of easy money, plenty of immoral ways to spend it, and no shortage of suspects. Harry must get to the bottom of the mine's mysteries before she vanishes into the wild for good.
BOOK
Ground penetrating radar and electrical resistivity tomography surveys with a subsequent intrusive investigation in search for the missing Beaumont children in Adelaide, South Australia
Jane, Arnna, and Grant Beaumont went missing from Glenelg Beach in Adelaide, South Australia on 26 January (Australia Day) 1966. Despite multiple land and sea searches over nearly 60 years, the children have not been found. New credible eyewitness testimony led to a site of interest at the now disused New Castalloy factory in North Plympton, Adelaide. This site has a complex stratigraphy of anthropogenic fill, which made ground penetrating radar (GPR) investigations unpromising. Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), while not commonly used in a forensic capacity, provided an alternative approach that allowed suitable depth penetration to resolve a feature of interest, which was subsequently excavated by the South Australia Police. This feature did contain organic, and animal remains but, sadly, not the grave of Jane, Arnna, and Grant Beaumont. However, this investigation highlights the potential to use ERT in a forensic capacity, as well as the limitations of using geophysical techniques for covert burial detection.
•The Beaumont investigation is one of Australia’s longest-running cold cases.•GPR and ERT were used to survey an area of interest at the New Castalloy factory.•Extensive anthropogenic fill on site made the site challenging for GPR survey.•ERT identified a grave-like stratigraphic feature with anomalous resistivity values.•Subsequent excavation of grave-like feature did not contain human remains.
Journal Article
Forensic genetic genealogy using microarrays for the identification of human remains: The need for good quality samples – A pilot study
The successful application of forensic genetic genealogy (FGG) to identify Jane and John Doe cases in the United States has raised the prospect of using the technique in Australia to assist in the reconciliation of unidentified human remains (UHRs) with long term missing persons. A study was conducted to explore the feasibility of FGG using whole genome array (WGA) data from both pristine control samples as well as compromised casework samples, with the view to explore how DNA quantity and quality impacted on the ability to generate search results when compared to a genetic genealogy database, such as GEDmatch. From this study, several insights were gained as to the impact DNA quantity and degradation had on the percentage of SNPs genotyped and heterozygote/homozygote ratio – which are critical for successful matching outcomes. It was noted in this study (using a control sample) that successful matching occurred when genotyping errors were 5% or less. Two UHR cases were matched to kits on GEDmatch PRO, which provided investigative leads for identification purposes. The effectiveness of the FGG approach to match casework samples (as well as volunteer samples used in the study) is indicative of the usage of ‘direct-to-consumer’ (DTC) genetic testing by Australians. Given the (often) limited availability of casework samples, findings from this study will assist Australian agencies considering the use of FGG, to determine if WGA is a suitable method for their application.
Journal Article
The cumulative effect of living with disability on mental health in working-age adults: an analysis using marginal structural models
PurposePrevious studies have shown that acquiring a disability is associated with a reduction in mental health, but they have not considered the cumulative impact of having a disability on mental health. We used acquisition of a non-psychological disability to estimate the association of each additional year lived with disability on mental health (measured using the Mental Component Summary score of the Short Form Health Survey).MethodsWe used the first 13 waves of data (years 2001–2013) from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey. The sample included 4113 working-age (18–65 years) adults who were disability-free at waves 1 and 2. We fitted marginal structural models with inverse probability weights to estimate the association of each additional year of living with disability on mental health, employing multiple imputation to handle the missing data.ResultsOf the 4113 participants, 7.7 percent acquired a disability. On average, each additional year lived with disability was associated with a decrease in the mean Mental Component Summary score (β = − 0.42; 95% CI − 0.71, − 0.14).ConclusionsThis study provides evidence that each additional year lived with non-psychological disability is associated with a decline in mental health among working-age Australians.
Journal Article
Comparison of Time-Lapse Ground-Penetrating Radar and Electrical Resistivity Tomography Surveys for Detecting Pig (Sus spp.) Cadaver Graves in an Australian Environment
Locating clandestine graves presents significant challenges to law enforcement agencies, necessitating the testing of grave detection techniques. This experimental study, conducted under Australian field conditions, assesses the effectiveness of time-lapse ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) in detecting pig burials as simulated forensic cases. The research addresses two key questions: (1) observability of graves using GPR and ERT, and (2) changes in geophysical responses with reference to changing climatic conditions. The principal novelty of this research is its Australian focus—this is the first time-lapse GPR and ERT study used to locate clandestine graves in Australia. The results reveal that both GPR and ERT can detect graves; however, ERT demonstrates greater suitability in homogeneous soil and anomalously wet climate conditions, with the detectability affected by grave depth. This project also found that resistivity values are likely influenced by soil moisture and decomposition fluids; however, these parameters were not directly measured in this study. Contrastingly, although GPR successfully achieved 2 m penetration in each survey, the site’s undeveloped soil likely resulted in inconsistent detectability. The findings underscore the significance of site-specific factors when employing GPR and/or ERT for grave detection, including soil homogeneity, climate conditions, water percolation, and body decomposition state. These findings offer practical insights into each technique’s utility as a search tool for missing persons, aiding law enforcement agencies with homicide cases involving covert graves.
Journal Article
Contribution of postmortem multidetector CT scanning to identification of the deceased in a mass disaster: Experience gained from the 2009 Victorian bushfires
CT scanning of the deceased is an established technique performed on all individuals admitted to VIFM over the last 5 years. It is used primarily to assist pathologists in determining cause and manner of death but is also invaluable for identification of unknown deceased individuals where traditional methods are not possible. Based on this experience, CT scanning was incorporated into phase 2 of the Institute's DVI process for the 2009 Victorian bushfires. All deceased individuals and fragmented remains admitted to the mortuary were CT scanned in their body bags using established protocols. Images were reviewed by 2 teams of 2 radiologists experienced in forensic imaging and the findings transcribed onto a data sheet constructed specifically for the DVI exercise. The contents of 255 body bags were examined in the 28 days following the fires. 164 missing persons were included in the DVI process with 163 deceased individuals eventually identified. CT contributed to this identification in 161 persons. In 2 cases, radiologists were unable to recognize commingled remains. CT was utilized in the initial triage of each bag's contents. If radiological evaluation determined that bodies were incomplete then this information was provided to search teams who revisited the scenes of death. CT was helpful in differentiation of human from non-human remains in 8 bags, recognition of human/animal commingling in 10 bags and human commingling in 6 bags. In 61% of cases gender was able to be determined on CT using a novel technique of genitalia detection and in all but 2 cases this was correct. Age range was able to be determined on CT in 94% with an accuracy of 76%. Specific identification features detected on CT included the presence of disease (14 disease entities in 13 cases), medical devices (26 devices in 19 cases) and 274 everyday metallic items associated with the remains of 135 individuals. CT scanning provided useful information prior to autopsy by flagging likely findings including the presence of non-human remains, at the time of autopsy by assisting in the localization of identifying features in heavily disfigured bodies, and after autopsy by retrospective review of images for clarification of issues that arose at the time of pathologist case review. In view of the success of CT scanning in this mass disaster, DVI administrators should explore the incorporation of CT services into their disaster plans.
Journal Article
The influence of ageing and surface type on the odour profile of blood-detection dog training aids
Cadaver-detection dogs are a preferred search tool utilised by law enforcement agencies for the purposes of locating victim remains due to their efficiency and minimal disturbance to the crime scene. In Australia, a specific group of these canines are blood-detection dogs, which are trained to detect and locate blood evidence and search potential crime scenes in cases where a cadaver may not be present. Their role sometimes requires searches to be carried out after considerable time has passed since the crime occurred, and this is important for developing effective training protocols. This study aimed to investigate the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced from fresh and aged human blood on various surfaces. Solid phase microextraction (SPME) was used to extract VOCs from the headspace of dried blood samples aged and sampled periodically over 12 months from a non-porous (i.e. aluminium) and porous (i.e. cotton) surface. Samples were analysed using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography–time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOFMS). Fresh blood produced distinctively different VOC patterns compared to blood aged longer than 1 week with the overall profile differing between the two surface types, and a large subset of the VOC profile found to be responsible for these differences. When analysing the various functional groups present in the samples, a common pattern between ages and surface types was observed with no specific chemical class dominating the overall profile. The results highlight the importance of evaluating training aids for scent-detection canines to ensure the greatest efficacy during training and subsequently at crime scene searches.
Journal Article