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"Mitchif"
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Nominal contact in Michif
This book explores the results of language contact in Michif, traditionally considered a mixed language that combines a French noun phrase with a Cree verb phrase. The authors show that contact does not create a whole new language category and that Michif should instead be considered an Algonquian language with French contact influence.
Book
A variationist study of /tʊt/ in Michif French
This research focuses on the dissidence of Michif French, an endangered variety of Laurentian French spoken by a number of Métis in Western Canada. We examine the vernacular use of [tʊt] ( tout / tous ‘all, every’) in a corpus of around 50 interviews collected in the Métis community of St. Laurent, Manitoba, in the 1980s. On the one hand, the internal analysis supports the hypothesis that it is related to the other varieties of Laurentian French. On the other hand, the external data reveal that [tʊt] is widely used, confirming the highly vernacular character of Michif French compared to the other varieties. Finally, the analysis of several interview extracts illustrates that the intensive use of vernacular variants acts as an identity marker, enabling speakers to lay claim not only to their culture, but also to a language they consider distinct from that of other French speakers. Cette recherche porte sur la dissidence du français mitchif, une variété menacée du français laurentien parlée par un certain nombre de Métis dans l’ouest du Canada. Nous examinons l’usage vernaculaire de [tʊt] ( tout / tous ) dans un corpus d’une cinquantaine d’entretiens recueillis dans la communauté métisse de Saint-Laurent, au Manitoba, dans les années 1980. D’une part, l’analyse interne soutient l’hypothèse d’une parenté avec les autres variétés du français laurentien. D’autre part, les données externes révèlent que [tʊt] est largement utilisé, ce qui confirme le caractère fortement vernaculaire du français mitchif par rapport aux autres variétés. Enfin, l’analyse de plusieurs extraits d’entretiens montre que l’usage intensif des variantes vernaculaires agit comme un marqueur identitaire, permettant aux locuteurs de revendiquer non seulement leur culture, mais aussi une langue qu’ils considèrent comme distincte de celle des autres francophones.
Journal Article
A language of our own : the genesis of Michif, the mixed Cree-French language of the Canadian Métis
The Michif language -- spoken by descendants of French Canadian fur traders and Cree Indians in western Canada -- is considered an \"impossible language\" since it uses French for nouns and Cree for verbs, and comprises two different sets of grammatical rules.
eBook