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"Mites"
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Correction: Constitutive and Operational Variation of Learning in Foraging Predatory Mites
Proportion of time moving of thrips–naïve and–experienced Amblyseius swirskii females, originating from a pollen- or spider mite-reared line of the commercially mass-reared Koppert or the natural free-living Israel population, offered first larvae of thrips Frankliniella occidentalis as prey.Thrips-naïve predators were reared on either pollen or spider mites throughout juvenile development, whereas thrips-experienced predators were exposed to thrips during the larval and early protonymphal stage and received then either pollen or spider mites until reaching adulthood.
Journal Article
Red spider hero
Although Harry the red spider mite is \"smaller than the head of a pin,\" he imagines big adventures.
Book
Insects & mites injurious to crops in Middle Eastern countries
This second edition provides updated information on the comprehensive morphology, distribution, and biology of significant pest species of the orders Acarina, Thysanoptera, Orthopetera, Hemiptera, Homoptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, and Diptera, respectively. Further emphasis is given to their monitoring methods, biological control, and cultural practices. Special attention to the subject of economic entomology makes this book indispensable for field entomologists. With the addition of 15 color plates, this is a convenient handbook for the identification and managemnt of more than 300 pests. It is an essential reference and a useful teaching tool, benefiting students of Middle Eastern agriculture and entomology.
Book
Essential oils as feed additives: A novel approach to managing poultry red mite infestations and boosting egg production
This study assessed the efficacy of a plant-based premix of feed additives (PFA) composed of essential oils and vitamins on a farm with 1560 laying hens (ISA Brown line), naturally infested with poultry red mite (PRM),
Dermanyssus gallinae
. The trial lasted 44 days. The AVIVET traps were used to determine PRM mass, number of eggs, larvae, blood-engorged and unfed nymphs, and adults on day − 12, − 5, and 0 before, and on days 2, 5, 8, 11, 15, 23, and 30, after, hens started to consume PFA. Friedman’s ANOVA was utilised to identify differences between means, and the post hoc Wilcoxon matched Pairs Test was then employed to ascertain the impact of the tested PFA on the
D. gallinae
population. From the eighth day until the end of the trial period, a statistically lower mass of mites (
P
< 0.05), the number of nymphs (
P
< 0.05) and the number of blood-engorged mites (
P
< 0.05) were observed compared to day 0. In comparison to day 0, a statistically significantly lower number of eggs (
P
< 0.01) was observed on day 5 (
P
< 0.05), day 11 (
P
< 0.01), larvae on day 23 (
P
< 0.05) and day 30 (
P
< 0.01), as well as unfed mites on days 15, 23, and 30 (
P
< 0.01,
P
< 0.01 and
P
< 0.001, respectively). Egg production (%, hen-day) in 52–54 weeks of age (control period) was 88.7, while in 55–58 weeks of age (trial period) was 89.5. The results indicate that the tested PFA can control PRM without adversely affecting egg production.
Journal Article
Poultry red mite (Dermanyssus gallinae) infestation: a broad impact parasitological disease that still remains a significant challenge for the egg-laying industry in Europe
The poultry red mite,
Dermanyssus gallinae
, has been described for decades as a threat to the egg production industry, posing serious animal health and welfare concerns, adversely affecting productivity, and impacting public health. Research activities dedicated to controlling this parasite have increased significantly. Their veterinary and human medical impact, more particularly their role as a disease vector, is better understood. Nevertheless, red mite infestation remains a serious concern, particularly in Europe, where the prevalence of red mites is expected to increase, as a result of recent hen husbandry legislation changes, increased acaricide resistance, climate warming, and the lack of a sustainable approach to control infestations. The main objective of the current work was to review the factors contributing to this growing threat and to discuss their recent development in Europe. We conclude that effective and sustainable treatment approach to control poultry red mite infestation is urgently required, included integrated pest management.
Journal Article
Molecular and Morphological Identification of Dermanyssoid Mites (Parasitiformes: Mesostigmata: Dermanyssoidea) Causatives of a Parasitic Outbreak on Captive Snakes
A parasitic outbreak caused by dermanyssoid mites in a herpetarium of the Metropolitan area of the Valley of Mexico is revealed. This outbreak was caused by Hemilaelaps triangulus (Ewing), but a second mite species, Ophionyssus natricis (Gervais), was found in low abundance. The parasitic load is analyzed, and the morphological and molecular diagnostic characters to identify each of the two species involved are given. A barcode analysis is presented, and two more molecular markers are presented and analyzed. Hemilaelaps triangulus is recorded for the first time in Mexico, and this is the first record of massive infestation on captive snakes caused by ixodorhynchid mites, and DNA sequences of ixodorhynchid mites are publicly available for the first time.
Journal Article
Efficacy of fluralaner solution administered to egg layer chickens through drinking water for control of northern fowl mite (Ornithonyssus sylviarum)
Background
The northern fowl mite (NFM),
Ornithonyssus sylviarum
, is one of the most important external parasites of commercial poultry in the USA. NFM feeds on blood, causing irritation and stress to infested birds and potentially reducing egg production in flocks with high levels of mite infestation. Fluralaner is a systemically active insecticide and acaricide. We report on two studies that evaluated the efficacy of fluralaner administered to layer chickens in medicated drinking water through two single doses of 0.5 mg fluralaner per kg chicken body weight at 7 days apart for control of NFM.
Methods
In two separate studies, white Leghorn chickens (
Gallus gallus domesticus
) were exposed to NFM so that they developed mite infestations. The first study was a dose confirmation study (
n
= 64 pullet birds per treatment group). The second study was a field efficacy study (
n
= 400 layer birds per treatment group). Once infested with NFM, birds were assigned to Medicated or Control treatment groups. In the Medicated group, a fluralaner solution was administered through medicated drinking water on study day 0 and again on day 7. The Control group received only unmedicated drinking water. NFM present in the vent region of birds were recorded prior to treatment (day −7 for dose confirmation and day −5 for field efficacy studies) and post-treatment on days 2, 8, 14, 19, and 28. In each study, product efficacy was determined by comparison of mite counts on Medicated and Control birds.
Results
The number of mites was significantly reduced on Medicated group birds relative to Control group birds by day 2. At day 2 post-treatment, 99% control efficacy (> 99% for geometric mean) was achieved in the dose confirmation study and > 96% (> 99% for geometric mean) control efficacy was achieved in the field efficacy trial. Control efficacy in both studies exceeded 99% from day 8 to day 28. There were no adverse health impacts observed in birds treated with fluralaner.
Conclusions
This study confirms the effectiveness of fluralaner for control of NFM when administered to chickens through drinking water as two single doses of 0.5 mg/kg chicken body weight at 7 days apart.
Graphical Abstract
Journal Article
Assessment of fluralaner as a treatment in controlling Dermanyssus gallinae infestation on commercial layer farms and the potential for resulting benefits of improved bird welfare and productivity
Background
Poultry red mite (PRM) (
Dermanyssus gallinae
) infestations are a cause of anaemia, impaired productivity and stress-related behaviours linked to reduced hen welfare. A study investigated the potential health, welfare and productivity benefits following fluralaner treatment to eliminate PRM from infested hens.
Methods
A PRM-infested layer house was selected on a free-range farm (5400 hens) and an aviary farm (42,400 hens). Fluralaner (Exzolt
®
; 0.5 mg/kg body weight) was administered twice, 7 days apart (Weeks 0 and 1), via drinking water. Mite populations were monitored by traps. Cameras recorded nighttime hen behaviours weekly, pre- and post-treatment. On the free-range farm, daytime behaviours were also recorded weekly. For pre- and post-treatment corticosterone assessments, eggs were randomly collected on both farms, and blood samples were collected from 50 randomly selected aviary farm hens. Production parameters were assessed using farm records.
Results
Throughout the post-treatment period, fluralaner efficacy against PRM was > 99% on both farms. On the aviary and free-range farms, treatment was followed by significant nighttime increases in the proportion of resting hens (
P
< 0.0001;
P
= 0.0175, respectively). Significant post-treatment versus pre-treatment nighttime reductions were observed in head shaking (aviary,
P
< 0.0001; free-range
P
= 0.0233) and preening (
P
= 0.0032;
P
= 0.0018) and on the aviary farm in bouts of body shaking (
P
= 0.0108), vertical wing shaking (
P
= 0.0002), head scratching (
P
= 0.0335), and gentle feather pecking (
P
< 0.0001). On the free-range farm there were significant daytime reductions in head scratching (
P
< 0.0001), head shaking (
P
= 0.0492) and preening (
P
= 0.0012). Relative to standard production parameters, no differences were detected on the aviary farm, but on the free-range farm the laying rate decline with increasing age was less than expected and the increase in egg weight greater than expected. Post-treatment increases in egg and plasma corticosterone were suggestive of stress factors in addition to mite infestation. Red blood cell counts and haematocrit increased following treatment.
Conclusion
Fluralaner treatment eliminated mite challenge, leading to improved hen welfare and health, based on reductions in stress-related behaviours and restoration of the anaemia-inducing effects of mite blood feeding.
Graphical Abstract
Journal Article