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Medievalism and discrimination
Discrimination has long played a part in medievalism studies, but it has rarely been weaponized as thoroughly and publicly as in recent exchanges. The essays in the first part of this volume respond to that development by examining some of the many forms discrimination has taken in medievalism (studies) relative to race, gender, sexual orientation, religion, and ethnicity. These papers thus inform many of the subsequent chapters, which address a wide variety of aspects of medievalism, showing how many cultural areas it touches upon. Subjects include Evelyn Underhill's literary interest in the Arts and Crafts Movement; the Anchoresses of the filmmaker Chris Newby and novelist Robyn Cadwallader; cinematic battle orations; contemporary representations of Viking helmet horns; modern board-game culture; and Vincent Van Gogh's Studio of the South. The volume also includes a transcription and contextualization of the celebrated scholar Helen Waddell's notes on medieval texts.
Book
Digitale Erschließung der (kurialen) Quellen in der Slowakei
Since Slovakia was part of the Kingdom of Hungary until 1918, Slovakian historians are not the only ones who do research on the history and the source material of this territory. The sources of the Roman Curia concerning this territory were published within different projects, some of which are older (Monumenta Vaticana historiam Regni Hungariae illustrantia), others more recent (Monumenta Vaticana Slovaciae). Sources from different local archives appeared in various other editions. At the moment a complex historical portal www.PamMap.sk is being designed, in which the sources of the Roman Curia, among others, will be prepared multilingually with images and metadata for a broader community.
Journal Article
Sons of Ishmael : Muslims through European eyes in the Middle Ages
\"John V. Tolan is one of the world's foremost scholars in the field of early Christian/Muslim interactions. In ten essays, he explores \"Sons of Ishmael,\" the epithet many Christian writers of the Middle Ages gave to Muslims, Sons of Ishmael focuses on the history of conflict and convergence between Latin Christendom and the Arab Muslim world during this period.\"--Jacket.
Book
Shakespeare and the medieval world
This text provides a panoramic overview of the influence of medieval culture on Shakespeare's plays and poems that opens up new vistas within his work uncovering the richness of his inheritance.
Book
Periodization and Sovereignty
Despite all recent challenges to stage-oriented histories, the idea of a division between a \"medieval\" and a \"modern\" period has survived, even flourished, in academia.Periodization and Sovereigntydemonstrates that this survival is no innocent affair. By examining periodization together with the two controversial categories of feudalism and secularization, Kathleen Davis exposes the relationship between the constitution of \"the Middle Ages\" and the history of sovereignty, slavery, and colonialism. This book's groundbreaking investigation of feudal historiography finds that the historical formation of \"feudalism\" mediated the theorization of sovereignty and a social contract, even as it provided a rationale for colonialism and facilitated the disavowal of slavery. Sovereignty is also at the heart of today's often violent struggles over secular and religious politics, and Davis traces the relationship between these struggles and the narrative of \"secularization,\" which grounds itself in a period divide between a \"modern\" historical consciousness and a theologically entrapped \"Middle Ages\" incapable of history. This alignment of sovereignty, the secular, and the conceptualization of historical time, which relies essentially upon a medieval/modern divide, both underlies and regulates today's volatile debates over world politics. The problem of defining the limits of our most fundamental political concepts cannot be extricated, Davis argues, from the periodizing operations that constituted them, and that continue today to obscure the process by which \"feudalism\" and \"secularization\" govern the politics of time.
eBook
Ageing hallmarks exhibit organ-specific temporal signatures
Ageing is the single greatest cause of disease and death worldwide, and understanding the associated processes could vastly improve quality of life. Although major categories of ageing damage have been identified—such as altered intercellular communication, loss of proteostasis and eroded mitochondrial function
1
—these deleterious processes interact with extraordinary complexity within and between organs, and a comprehensive, whole-organism analysis of ageing dynamics has been lacking. Here we performed bulk RNA sequencing of 17 organs and plasma proteomics at 10 ages across the lifespan of
Mus musculus
, and integrated these findings with data from the accompanying
Tabula Muris Senis
2
—or ‘Mouse Ageing Cell Atlas’—which follows on from the original
Tabula Muris
3
. We reveal linear and nonlinear shifts in gene expression during ageing, with the associated genes clustered in consistent trajectory groups with coherent biological functions—including extracellular matrix regulation, unfolded protein binding, mitochondrial function, and inflammatory and immune response. Notably, these gene sets show similar expression across tissues, differing only in the amplitude and the age of onset of expression. Widespread activation of immune cells is especially pronounced, and is first detectable in white adipose depots during middle age. Single-cell RNA sequencing confirms the accumulation of T cells and B cells in adipose tissue—including plasma cells that express immunoglobulin J—which also accrue concurrently across diverse organs. Finally, we show how gene expression shifts in distinct tissues are highly correlated with corresponding protein levels in plasma, thus potentially contributing to the ageing of the systemic circulation. Together, these data demonstrate a similar yet asynchronous inter- and intra-organ progression of ageing, providing a foundation from which to track systemic sources of declining health at old age.
Bulk RNA sequencing of organs and plasma proteomics at different ages across the mouse lifespan is integrated with data from the
Tabula Muris Senis
, a transcriptomic atlas of ageing mouse tissues, to describe organ-specific changes in gene expression during ageing.
Journal Article
An abstract drawing from the 73,000-year-old levels at Blombos Cave, South Africa
and depictive representations produced by drawing—known from Europe, Africa and Southeast Asia after 40,000 years ago—are a prime indicator of modern cognition and behaviour
1
. Here we report a cross-hatched pattern drawn with an ochre crayon on a ground silcrete flake recovered from approximately 73,000-year-old Middle Stone Age levels at Blombos Cave, South Africa. Our microscopic and chemical analyses of the pattern confirm that red ochre pigment was intentionally applied to the flake with an ochre crayon. The object comes from a level associated with stone tools of the Still Bay techno-complex that has previously yielded shell beads, cross-hatched engravings on ochre pieces and a variety of innovative technologies
2
–
5
. This notable discovery pre-dates the earliest previously known abstract and figurative drawings by at least 30,000 years. This drawing demonstrates the ability of early
Homo sapiens
in southern Africa to produce graphic designs on various media using different techniques.
A silcrete flake with a 73,000-year-old cross-hatched ochre drawing, from Blombos Cave, South Africa, demonstrates that early
Homo sapiens
used a range of media and techniques to produce graphic representations.
Journal Article
Economic Inequality in Preindustrial Times
Recent literature has reconstructed estimates of wealth and income inequality for a range of preindustrial, mostly European, societies covering medieval and early modern times, occasionally reaching back to antiquity and even prehistory. These estimates have radically improved our knowledge of distributive dynamics in the past. It now seems clear that in the period circa 1300–1800, inequality of both income and wealth grew almost monotonically almost everywhere in Europe, with the exception of the century-long phase of inequality decline triggered by the Black Death of 1347–52. Regarding the causes of inequality growth, recent literature ruled out economic growth as the main one. Other possible factors include population growth (also as mediated by inheritance systems) and especially regressive fiscal institutions (also as connected to the unequal distribution of political power). The recently proposed theoretical framework of the inequality possibility frontier (IPF) lends a better understanding of the implications of the reconstructed trends. This article concludes by showing how connecting preindustrial trends to modern ones changes our perception of long-term inequality altogether.
Journal Article
Atherogenic index of plasma as predictors for metabolic syndrome, hypertension and diabetes mellitus in Taiwan citizens: a 9-year longitudinal study
Deeply involved with dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease has becoming the leading cause of mortality since the early twentieth century in the modern world. Whose correlation with metabolic syndrome (MetS), hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been well established. We conducted a 9-year longitudinal study to identify the association between easily measured lipid parameters, future MetS, hypertension and T2DM by gender and age distribution. Divided into three groups by age (young age: < 40, middle age: ≥ 40 and < 65 and old age: ≥ 65), 7670 participants, receiving standard medical inspection at Tri-Service General Hospital (TSGH) in Taiwan, had been enrolled in this study. Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) was a logarithmically transformed ratio of triglyceride (TG)/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Through multivariate regression analyses, the hazard ratio (HR) of AIP for MetS, hypertension and T2DM were illustrated. AIP revealed significant association with all the aforementioned diseases through the entire three models for both genders. Additionally, AIP revealed significant correlation which remained still after fully adjustment in MetS, hypertension, and T2DM groups for subjects aged 40–64-year-old. Nevertheless, for participants aged above 65-year-old, AIP only demonstrated significant association in MetS group. Our results explore the promising value of AIP to determine the high-risk subjects, especially meddle-aged ones, having MetS, hypertension, and T2DM in the present and the future.
Journal Article