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The gluon mass generation mechanism： A concise primer
We present a pedagogical overview of the nonperturbative mechanism that endows gluons with a dynamical mass. This analysis is performed based on pure Yang–Mills theories in the Landau gauge, within the theoretical framework that emerges from the combination of the pinch technique with the background field method. In particular, we concentrate on the Schwinger–Dyson equation satisfied by the gluon propagator and examine the necessary conditions for obtaining finite solutions within the infrared region. The role of seagull diagrams receives particular attention, as do the identities that enforce the cancellation of all potential quadratic divergences.We stress the necessity of introducing nonperturbative massless poles in the fully dressed vertices of the theory in order to trigger the Schwinger mechanism, and explain in detail the instrumental role of these poles in maintaining the Becchi–Rouet–Stora–Tyutin symmetry at every step of the mass-generating procedure. The dynamical equation governing the evolution of the gluon mass is derived, and its solutions are determined numerically following implementation of a set of simplifying assumptions. The obtained mass function is positive definite, and exhibits a power law running that is consistent with general arguments based on the operator product expansion in the ultraviolet region. A possible connection between confinement and the presence of an inflection point in the gluon propagator is briefly discussed.
Journal Article
Concepts of Mass in Contemporary Physics and Philosophy
The concept of mass is one of the most fundamental notions in physics, comparable in importance only to those of space and time. But in contrast to the latter, which are the subject of innumerable physical and philosophical studies, the concept of mass has been but rarely investigated. Here Max Jammer, a leading philosopher and historian of physics, provides a concise but comprehensive, coherent, and self-contained study of the concept of mass as it is defined, interpreted, and applied in contemporary physics and as it is critically examined in the modern philosophy of science. With its focus on theories proposed after the mid-1950s, the book is the first of its kind, covering the most recent experimental and theoretical investigations into the nature of mass and its role in modern physics, from the realm of elementary particles to the cosmology of galaxies. The book begins with an analysis of the persistent difficulties of defining inertial mass in a noncircular manner and discusses the related question of whether mass is an observational or a theoretical concept. It then studies the notion of mass in special relativity and the delicate problem of whether the relativistic rest mass is the only legitimate notion of mass and whether it is identical with the classical (Newtonian) mass. This is followed by a critical analysis of the different derivations of the famous mass-energy relationship E = mc2 and its conflicting interpretations. Jammer then devotes a chapter to the distinction between inertial and gravitational mass and to the various versions of the so-called equivalence principle with which Newton initiated his Principia but which also became the starting point of Einstein's general relativity, which supersedes Newtonian physics. The book concludes with a presentation of recently proposed global and local dynamical theories of the origin and nature of mass. Destined to become a much-consulted reference for philosophers and physicists, this book is also written for the nonprofessional general reader interested in the foundations of physics.
eBook
Research trends in modern physics education in Turkey
This research involves a content analysis of studies on modern physics education conducted in Turkey between 2000 and 2023. In this context, 273 studies accessed in full text from different databases were examined. The studies were evaluated using the \"Modern Physics Education Publication Classification Form\" and analyzed using the content analysis method. According to the research findings, studies in the field of modern physics education in Turkey were mostly conducted between 2010 and 2020. The study objectives varied and quantitative research designs were preferred more. Purposive sampling was predominantly employed in the studies, with most samples consisting of high school and undergraduate students. The studies generally included sample sizes ranging between 31 and 100 individuals. The duration of the studies varied between 0 and 8 weeks. To enrich the data, various data collection tools were used. Frequency, percentage, and t-tests were commonly used for quantitative analyses, while content analysis was frequently preferred for qualitative analyses. Although different validity and reliability methods were used in the studies, not enough information was provided on this issue. The results of the studies examined have shown that there are positive developments as well as negative situations in modern physics education. However, these results were not sufficiently supported by the literature in the discussion section. Based on the findings of this research, it was recommended to use different analytical methods in modern physics education research, increase the sample size, enrich methods and intervention examples.
Journal Article
Active plasmonics and tuneable plasmonic metamaterials
This book, edited by two of the most respected researchers in plasmonics, gives an overview of the current state in plasmonics and plasmonic-based metamaterials, with an emphasis on active functionalities and an eye to future developments.
eBook
The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Mathematics: From Hamming to Wigner and Back Again
In a paper titled, “The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Mathematics”, published 20 years after Wigner’s seminal paper, the mathematician Richard W. Hamming discussed what he took to be Wigner’s problem of Unreasonable Effectiveness and offered some partial explanations for this phenomenon. Whether Hamming succeeds in his explanations as answers to Wigner’s puzzle is addressed by other scholars in recent years (Azeri 2020) I, on the other hand, raise a more fundamental question: does Hamming succeed in raising the same question as Wigner? The answer is no. My goal is to show that Hamming’s reading misses Wigner’s highly original formulation of the problem.Through a close and contextual reading of Wigner’s work, as I will show, we are led in new directions in addressing and solving the applicability problem.
Journal Article
Extreme States of Matter in Strong Interaction Physics
The thermodynamics of strongly interacting matter remains a profound and challenging area of modern physics, both in theory and experiment. This book offers newcomers an introduction to the field that emphasizes basic concepts and ideas.
eBook
Developing a Video Education on the topic of Modern Physics Based on Problem Based Learning (PBL) assisted PhET Online Learning
The teaching materials in the form of video Education for modern physics lessons using problem-based learning (PBL) assisted PhET Online Learning and accessible via smartphones to support online learning are developed. Learning modern physics during the COVID-19 pandemic requires the right solution. Online learning is the right solution. Making video Education related to the topic of modern physics has become a need. The ADDIE method is used to develop video Education. The need for learning materials on modern physics was carried out with 39 students through questionnaires. 83% of respondents said that learning materials in video Education were needed for the topic of Modern Physics, and 17% of respondents said it was needed. The video is designed based on a problem-based learning method using the PhET website as an aid. Problem-based learning is organized in the following order: basic concepts, problem definition, independent learning, knowledge exchange, and evaluation. Learning materials in the form of produced videos can be accessed through smart devices (smartphones) and become a source of learning in the online learning process. PhET’s website is used as a tool to develop video ideas. Thirty-seven videos have been developed.
Journal Article
Selective Realism and the Framework/Interaction Distinction: A Taxonomy of Fundamental Physical Theories
Following the proposal of a new kind of selective structural realism that uses as a basis the distinction between framework and interaction theories, this work discusses relevant applications in fundamental physics. An ontology for the different entities and properties of well-known theories is thus consistently built. The case of classical field theories—including general relativity as a classical theory of gravitation—is examined in detail, as well as the implications of the classification scheme for issues of realism in quantum mechanics. These applications also shed light on the different range of applicability of the ontic and epistemic versions of structural realism.
Journal Article