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"Molasses"
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Λ-enhanced grey molasses on the D 2 transition of Rubidium-87 atoms
Laser cooling based on dark states, i.e. states decoupled from light, has proven to be effective to increase the phase-space density of cold trapped atoms. Dark-states cooling requires open atomic transitions, in contrast to the ordinary laser cooling used for example in magneto-optical traps (MOTs), which operate on closed atomic transitions. For alkali atoms, dark-states cooling is therefore commonly operated on the D
transition nS
→ nP
. We show that, for
Rb, thanks to the large hyperfine structure separations the use of this transition is not strictly necessary and that \"quasi-dark state\" cooling is efficient also on the D
line, 5S
→ 5P
. We report temperatures as low as (4.0 ± 0.3) μK and an increase of almost an order of magnitude in the phase space density with respect to ordinary laser sub-Doppler cooling.
Journal Article
Enhanced ethanol production at commercial scale from molasses using high gravity technology by mutant S. cerevisiae
Very high gravity (VHG) technology was employed on industrial scale to produce ethanol from molasses (fermented) as well as by-products formation estimation. The effect of different Brix° (32, 36 and 40) air-flow rates (0.00, 0.20, 0.40, and 0.60vvm) was studied on ethanol production. The maximum ethanol production was recorded to be 12.2% (v/v) at 40 Brix° with 0.2vvm air-flow rate. At optimum level aeration and 40 Brix° VHG, the residual sugar level was recorded in the range of 12.5–18.5g/L, whereas the viable cell count remained constant up to 50h of fermentation and dry matter production increased with fermentation time. Both water and steam consumption reduced significantly under optimum conditions of Brix° and aeration rate with compromising the ethanol production. Results revealed VHG with continuous air flow is viable technique to reduce the ethanol production cost form molasses at commercial scale.
Journal Article
A Review Regarding the Use of Molasses in Animal Nutrition
In the past fifty years, agriculture, and particularly livestock production, has become more resource-intensive, with negative implications regarding world environmental status. Currently, the circular economy 3R principles (to reduce, reuse and recycle materials) can offer many opportunities for the agri-food industry to become more resource-efficient. The closed-loop agri-food supply chain has the great potential of reducing environmental and economic costs, which result from food waste disposal. To meet these principles, the use of crop byproducts, such as molasses, in animal nutrition improves the nutritive value of coarse and poorly desired feedstuff, which could present a real opportunity. The aims of this study were to summarize the possible applications of molasses for animal nutrition, to improve hay and silage quality for beef and dairy cattle, to enhance industrial byproduct values using liquid feed in swine production, and to improve extensive livestock production with feed blocks. The study focused on both feed characteristics, based on molasses, and on ruminal fermentation of its carbohydrates; the techniques of the production, conservation and administration of molasses to animals have been widely described as being capable of positively influencing animal performance, milk and meat quality.
Journal Article
Study of two sugarcane by-products as source of secondary metabolites and heat-induced compounds with potential bioactive applications
A crucial step in the engineering of bioactive materials from sugarcane by-products is understanding their physical, chemical, and biological characteristics, particularly their molecular composition and biological activities. This study aimed to characterize the physicochemical properties of methanolic and aqueous extracts from sugarcane molasses and vinasses, determine their antioxidant capacity, and identify key compounds of biological interest; specifically phenolic compounds (PCs) and heat-induced compounds (HICs). Through non-targeted analytical approaches, we identified a diverse range of PCs and HICs in the extracts. In vitro tests revealed significant antioxidant effects in both aqueous and methanolic fractions, with the methanolic extracts showing superior free radical scavenging capacity. This bioactivity was linked to PCs such as
p
-coumaric acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, chlorogenic acid, and schaftoside, as well as HICs like 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4
H
-pyran-4-one (DDMP); 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2
H
)-furanone (HDMF); 2,6-dimethoxyphenol; and 1,6-anhydro-
β
-D-glucopyranose. These findings underscore the potential of sugarcane molasses and vinasses as sources of bioactive compounds, which can be engineered into new materials with promising biological properties for health, pharmacological, and food industry applications. Furthermore, our research highlights the integration of bioengineering, material science, and sustainable practices within the sugarcane industry by promoting the valorization of by-products, contributing to resource efficiency and industrial innovation under circular economy principles.
Journal Article
Engineered E. coli W enables efficient 2,3-butanediol production from glucose and sugar beet molasses using defined minimal medium as economic basis
Background
Efficient microbial production of chemicals is often hindered by the cytotoxicity of the products or by the pathogenicity of the host strains. Hence 2,3-butanediol, an important drop-in chemical, is an interesting alternative target molecule for microbial synthesis since it is non-cytotoxic. Metabolic engineering of non-pathogenic and industrially relevant microorganisms, such as
Escherichia coli
, have already yielded in promising 2,3-butanediol titers showing the potential of microbial synthesis of 2,3-butanediol. However, current microbial 2,3-butanediol production processes often rely on yeast extract as expensive additive, rendering these processes infeasible for industrial production.
Results
The aim of this study was to develop an efficient 2,3-butanediol production process with
E. coli
operating on the premise of using cost-effective medium without complex supplements, considering second generation feedstocks. Different gene donors and promoter fine-tuning allowed for construction of a potent
E. coli
strain for the production of 2,3-butanediol as important drop-in chemical. Pulsed fed-batch cultivations of
E. coli
W using microaerobic conditions showed high diol productivity of 4.5 g l
−1
h
−1
. Optimizing oxygen supply and elimination of acetoin and by-product formation improved the 2,3-butanediol titer to 68 g l
−1
, 76% of the theoretical maximum yield, however, at the expense of productivity. Sugar beet molasses was tested as a potential substrate for industrial production of chemicals. Pulsed fed-batch cultivations produced 56 g l
−1
2,3-butanediol, underlining the great potential of
E. coli
W as production organism for high value-added chemicals.
Conclusion
A potent 2,3-butanediol producing
E. coli
strain was generated by considering promoter fine-tuning to balance cell fitness and production capacity. For the first time, 2,3-butanediol production was achieved with promising titer, rate and yield and no acetoin formation from glucose in pulsed fed-batch cultivations using chemically defined medium without complex hydrolysates. Furthermore, versatility of
E. coli
W as production host was demonstrated by efficiently converting sucrose from sugar beet molasses into 2,3-butanediol.
Journal Article
Enhanced Production of 2,3-Butanediol from Sugarcane Molasses
2,3-Butanediol has been known as a platform green chemical, and the production cost is the key problem for its large-scale production in which the carbon source occupies a major part. Sugarcane molasses is a by-product of sugar industry and considered as a cheap carbon source for biorefinery. In this paper, the fermentation of 2,3-butanediol with sugarcane molasses was studied by reducing the medium ingredients and operation steps. The fermentation medium was optimized by response surface methodology, and 2,3-butanediol production was explored under the deficiency of sterilization, molasses acidification, and organic nitrogen source. Based on these experiments, the fermentation medium with sugarcane molasses as carbon source was simplified to five ingredients, and the steps of molasses acidification and medium sterilization were reduced; thus, the cost was reduced and the production of 2,3-butanediol was enhanced. Under fed-batch fermentation, 99.5 g/L of 2,3-butanediol and acetoin was obtained at 60 h with a yield of 0.39 g/g sugar.
Journal Article
close relation between Lactococcus and Methanosaeta is a keystone for stable methane production from molasses wastewater in a UASB reactor
The up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor is a promising method for the treatment of high-strength industrial wastewaters due to advantage of its high treatment capacity and settleable suspended biomass retention. Molasses wastewater as a sugar-rich waste is one of the most valuable raw material for bioenergy production due to its high organic strength and bioavailability. Interpretation for complex interactions of microbial community structures and operational parameters can help to establish stable biogas production. RNA-based approach for biogas production systems is recommended for analysis of functionally active community members which are significantly underestimated. In this study, methane production and active microbial community were characterized in an UASB reactor using molasses wastewater as feedstock. The UASB reactor achieved a stable process performance at an organic loading rate of 1.7~13.8-g chemical oxygen demand (COD,·L⁻¹ day⁻¹; 87–95 % COD removal efficiencies), and the maximum methane production rate was 4.01 L-CH₄·at 13.8 g-COD L⁻¹ day⁻¹. Lactococcus and Methanosaeta were comprised up to 84 and 80 % of the active bacterial and archaeal communities, respectively. Network analysis of reactor performance and microbial community revealed that Lactococcus and Methanosaeta were network hub nodes and positively correlated each other. In addition, they were positively correlated with methane production and organic loading rate, and they shared the other microbial hub nodes as neighbors. The results indicate that the close association between Lactococcus and Methanosaeta is responsible for the stable production of methane in the UASB reactor using molasses wastewater.
Journal Article
Selection of thermotolerant Saccharomyces cerevisiae for high temperature ethanol production from molasses and increasing ethanol production by strain improvement
A thermotolerant ethanol fermenting yeast strain is a key requirement for effective ethanol production at high temperature. This work aimed to select a thermotolerant yeast producing a high ethanol concentration from molasses and increasing its ethanol production by mutagenesis. Saccharomyces cerevisiae DMKU 3-S087 was selected from 168 ethanol producing strains because it produced the highest ethanol concentration from molasses at 40 °C. Optimization of molasses broth composition was performed by the response surface method using Box–Behnken design. In molasses broth containing optimal total fermentable sugars (TFS) of 200 g/L and optimal (NH4)2SO4 of 1 g/L, with an initial pH of 5.5 by shaking flask cultivation at 40 °C ethanol, productivity and yield were 58.4 ± 0.24 g/L, 1.39 g/L/h and 0.29 g/g, respectively. Batch fermentation in a 5 L stirred-tank fermenter with 3 L optimized molasses broth adjusted to an initial pH of 5.5 and fermentation controlled at 40 °C and 300 rpm agitation resulted in 72.4 g/L ethanol, 1.21 g/L/h productivity and 0.36 g/g yield at 60 h. Strain DMKU 3-S087 improvement was performed by mutagenesis using ultraviolet radiation and ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS). Six EMS mutants produced higher ethanol (65.2 ± 0.48–73.0 ± 0.54 g/L) in molasses broth containing 200 g/L TFS and 1 g/L (NH4)2SO4 by shake flask fermentation at 37 °C than the wild type (59.8 ± 0.25 g/L). Among these mutants, only mutant S087E100-265 produced higher ethanol (62.5 ± 0.26 g/L) than the wild type (59.5 ± 0.02 g/L) at 40 °C. In addition, mutant S087E100-265 showed better tolerance to high sugar concentration, furfural, hydroxymethylfurfural and acetic acid than the wild type.
Journal Article
Single cell oil production on molasses by Yarrowia lipolytica strains overexpressing DGA2 in multicopy
Yarrowia lipolytica is a promising platform for single cell oil production. It is well-known for its metabolism oriented toward utilization of hydrophobic substrates and accumulation of storage lipids. Multiple copies of DGA2 under constitutive promoter were introduced into the Q4 strain, a quadruple mutant deleted for the four acyltransferases (Δdga1, Δdga2, Δlro1, and Δare1) to improve lipid accumulation. The Q4-DGA2 x3 strain contains three copies of DGA2. Further increase in accumulation was accomplished by blocking the β-oxidation pathway through MFE1 gene deletion yielding Q4-Δmfe DGA2 x3. In order to use molasses as a substrate for single cell oil production, sucrose utilization was established by expressing the Saccharomyces cerevisiae SUC2 gene yielding Q4-SUC2 DGA2 x3 and Q4-Δmfe SUC2 DGA2 x3. During cultivation on sucrose medium with a carbon to nitrogen ratio of 80, both strains accumulated more than 40 % of lipids, which was a 2-fold increase in lipid storage. Q4-Δmfe SUC2 DGA2 x3 accumulated more lipids than Q4-SUC2 DGA2 x3 (49 vs. 43 %) but yielded less biomass (13.7 vs. 15 g/L). When grown on 8 % (v/v) molasses, both strains accumulated more than 30 % of lipids after 3 days, while biomass yield was higher in Q4-SUC2 DGA2 x3 (16.4 vs. 14.4 g/L). Further addition of molasses at 72 h resulted in higher biomass yield, 26.6 g/L for Q4-SUC2 DGA2 x3, without modification of lipid content. This work presents genetically modified strains of Y. lipolytica as suitable tools for direct conversion of industrial molasses into value added products based on single cell oils.
Journal Article