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"Molds"
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Creeping slime : slime molds
\"Animal, plant, fungus--just what kind of living thing is a slime mold? How do these slimy blobs move from place to place? And how do slime molds help clean up rotting leaves and other dead stuff in backyards and forests? In this brand-new title, learn the answers to these questions and more\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Fiber winding round rod forming mold design system based on Creo secondary development
By analyzing the structure of fiber winding round rod forming molds, this paper extracts parameterizable and modularized content. Using family tables, User-Defined Features (UDFs), Mapkey macro modules, and the Program module, a fiber winding round rod forming mold design system is successfully developed. The reliability of the system is verified through three successful case studies. Compared with development tools such as ProToolkit, J-Link, and VB API, the proposed method is simple, efficient, scalable, and low-cost.
Journal Article
Molds, mushrooms, and medicines : our lifelong relationship with fungi
\"From beneficial fungi that keep bacteria under control and consume dead cells to toxic molds that cause disease, our bodies are constantly navigating a fungus-filled world. And our interactions with fungi are not limited to what happens in our bodies as we interact with these microbes via our diet and as a source of medicines. In short, there exists an incredible range of interactions between humans and fungi. In this book, Nicolas Money describes this relationship between fungi and humans in the context of our health. Readers learn how the field of mycology has been advancing, from studies that reveal the diversity of yeasts that grow on the skin to research on the use of psychedelic mushrooms in the treatment of depression. The book is divided into two parts. The first part focuses on how fungi operate in our bodies from spores in the lungs to the yeasts and filaments that can infect our internal organs. In particular, Money focuses on the mycobiome, which is the fungal part of the larger microbiome, and explains what is and isn't known about the significance of fungi in the health of the gut. In the second half of the book, Money shifts his focus to our relationship with fungi outside the body, including in food, medicine, and agriculture -- and he pulls no punches when it comes to countering misguided notions when it comes to the medicinal powers of mushrooms. Throughout the book, Money explains how the human-fungi relationship is symbiotic, meaning that it is sometimes beneficial and sometimes harmful. Ultimately, the reader comes away with a broad understanding of what scientists are learning about the fascinating role of fungi inside and outside of our bodies\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
A comprehensive review of injection mold cooling by using conformal cooling channels and thermally enhanced molds
Conformal cooling channels (CCCs) are employed to improve the cooling rate due to the equal distance from the mold surface. CCCs play a key role in mold injection productivity by enhancing heat transfer between the CCs and mold surface, which leads to shorter cooling time. As the cooling stage of the mold injection highly influences the quality and efficiency of production, the design of cooling channels (CCs) and thermally enhanced molds has recently received great attention. Furthermore, the shape and design of CCCs have particularly been studied extensively since these parameters indicate promising effects on the cooling performance. Moreover, new designs and novel material compositions are being proposed in order to improve the heat removal in injection molds. This paper reviews the various and significant types of the CCCs by classifying them into four major groups. An overview of advancements of CCCs and thermally enhanced molds are provided which considers simulations and numerical and experimental studies generally. Details are also given for new proposed designs that utilize different algorithms, optimization process, fabrication procedures, and optimization parameters in CCC design which is summarized. Generally speaking, studies show that conventional straight drilled CCs are expected to be substituted by CCCs due to their promising performance in diminishing the cycle time and shape deviations of forming plastic. The most common results of summarized literature demonstrate a shorter cycle time in CCC utilization in comparison to the conventional CCs. This is because injection molding process cycle time significantly relies on molded part cooling time. In addition, warpage and inconsistent volume shrinkage of the plastic parts is reduced considerably. Varied manufacturing methods are applied in CCC fabrication, with additive manufacturing being the dominant fabrication technique. Ultimately, the review concluded that shape, temperature distribution, and pressure drop are the key parameters for CCCs in mold injection.
Journal Article
Stink and the attack of the slime mold
Stink may be a super science freak, but even Dr. Stinkelstein's feeling freaked out about having a slime mold living and growing in his very own room. At Saturday Science Club, Stink learns that these one-celled organisms are smart enough to find their way out of mazes and gang up on food sources.
Book
DIVERSIDAD Y EVOLUCION DE LA FUNGICULTURA DE LAS HORMIGAS CULTIVADORAS DE HONGOS
A fungicultura das formigas pertencentes a tribo Attini (Formicidae: Myrmicinae) é categorizada em cinco sistemas com características distintas. O sistema mais avangado é o da \"Attini superior cortadora de folhas\", seguido pela \"Attini superior nao cortadora de folhas\". Ambos cultivam clados da espécie Leucoagaricus gongylophorus (Möller) (Basidiomycota: Agaricales: Agaricaceae). Os sistemas subsequentes, conhecidos como \"fungicultura menor\", \"fungicultura de levedura\" e \"fungicultura de fungos do tipo coral\", sao menos avangados. Em todos os casos, com excegao dos fungos de coral, sao cultivados fungos leucocoprináceos intimamente relacionados ao L. gongylophorus e fungos de vida livre. Entretanto, esses sistemas variam no nivel de especializagao entre os fungos e suas formigas simbióticas. Os cultivares de Attini superiores sao simbiontes obrigatórios, o que significa que o fungo cultivado di ficilmente sobreviverá fora do mutualismo, enquanto os fungos cultivados em fungiculturas inferiores sao simbiontes facultativos. Os cultivares no sistema de fungicultura de fungos do tipo coral pertencem a très espécies do género Myrmecopterula (Agaricales: Pterulaceae), que sao totalmente diferentes dos fungos leucocoprináceos. As características de cada sistema de fungicultura variam de acordo com a filogenia das formigas e seus cultivares. A compreensao da diversidade de fungos cultivados pelas formigas Attini e a complexidade de seus sistemas de fungicultura elucidarao um dos processos coevolutivos mais bem-sucedidos entre formigas e fungos na história evolutiva. O objetivo desta revisao foi discutir o conhecimento atual sobre a fungicultura desenvolvida pelas formigas Attini, bem como o nivel de especializaçao entre os fungos cultivados e sua relaçao com a coevoluçao cronológica das Attini.
Journal Article
Analysis and Advances in Additive Manufacturing as a New Technology to Make Polymer Injection Molds for World-Class Production Systems
The currently growing demand for metallic and polymeric products has undoubtedly changed the rules of manufacturing, enabling customers to more functionally define their products based on their needs. Nowadays, a new technique for rapid tooling, Additive Manufacturing (AM), can create customized products with more complex geometries and short life cycles (flexibility) in order to keep up with the new variables imposed by the manufacturing environment. In the last two decades, the migration from subtractive manufacturing to AM has materialized such products with reduced costs and cycle times. AM has been recently promoted to develop polymer molds for product manufacturing. This paper reviews the main findings in the literature concerning polymer molds created by AM compared to conventional (metal) molds obtained by subtractive manufacturing. Information about specific topics is scarce or nonexistent, for example, about the characterization of the most commonly injected materials and molds used in this type of technology, their mechanical properties (part and mold), designs for all types of geometries, and costs. These aspects are addressed in this literature review, highlighting the advantages of this alternative manufacturing process, which is considered a desirable technology worldwide.
Journal Article
The Effect of Nodular Graphite on Hardness and Toughness in Permanent Molds Made of Ferro Casting Ductile
The permanent mold was made of Ferro Casting Ductile as a result of sand casting. Permanent mold is mold that can be used repeatedly. This permanent mold is used to produce tensile test specimens. Tensile test specimens are made of gray cast iron. This study aims to determine and analyze the effect of spheroidal graphite on the hardness and toughness of Ferro Casting Ductile in permanent molds to make tensile test specimens. The casting process starts by making patterns using Styrofoam, making molds with green-sand sand molds, followed by pouring molten cast iron into the molds. The next process is dismantling the castings and machining to get a permanent mold according to the dimensions. Specimens for testing the chemical composition were obtained from the results of castings into spherical dies. Meanwhile, the impact, hardness, and microstructure specimens were taken from the permanent molded product. The results of the chemical composition test showed that Ferro Casting Ductile contained several main elements, namely 92.14 %Fe, 3.681 %C, 3.715 %Si, 0.182 %Mn, 0.050 %Ni, and 0.034 %Mg which affected the percentage of nodular graphite. Nodular graphite will affect the hardness of the permanent mold. Validation was carried out by testing the hardness at 3 different points 167.70 VHN, 162.77 VHN, and 155.77 VHN. Toughness was obtained from the impact test using the Charpy method, the impact values were 0.048 Joule/mm 2 0.046 Joule/mm 2 0.037 Joule/mm 2 on 3 different specimens. From the test results, the specimen has met the FCD 400 standard.
Journal Article
A review of the techniques for the mold manufacturing of micro/nanostructures for precision glass molding
Micro/nanostructured components play an important role in micro-optics and optical engineering, tribology and surface engineering, and biological and biomedical engineering, among other fields. Precision glass molding technology is the most efficient method of manufacturing micro/nanostructured glass components, the premise of which is meld manufacturing with complementary micro/nanostructures. Numerous mold manufacturing methods have been developed to fabricate extremely small and high-quality micro/nanostructures to satisfy the demands of functional micro/nanostructured glass components for various applications. Moreover, the service performance of the mold should also be carefully considered. This paper reviews a variety of technologies for manufacturing micro/nanostructured molds. The authors begin with an introduction of the extreme requirements of mold materials. The following section provides a detailed survey of the existing micro/nanostructured mold manufacturing techniques and their corresponding mold materials, including nonmechanical and mechanical methods. This paper concludes with a detailed discussion of the authors recent research on nickel-phosphorus (Ni-P) mold manufacturing and its service performance.
Journal Article
Uncovering the key miRNA-target network of tea plants in resistance to sooty mold disease
Background
Sooty mold (SM) disease severely threatens tea plant health, reducing yield and quality. Driven by climate change and intensive farming practices, SM prevalence in China has surged, causing significant economic losses and forcing farmers to rely on chemical fungicides, which compromise environmental sustainability. Despite its impact, the molecular mechanisms underlying tea plant defenses against SM remain unclear.
Results
Integrated transcriptomic, sRNAome, and degradome analyses revealed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) exhibited infection-level-dependent expression patterns. Post-transcriptional regulation by miRNAs was identified through sRNAome-degradome mapping, with six miRNA-target defense pairs validated by 5′ RLM-RACE and qRT-PCR. Co-expression network analysis showed that two miRNA-target pairs, PC-5p-33681_128-auxin response factor (
CsARF
) and ppe-MIR535b-p3-1ss12TC-aldehyde dehydrogenase (
CsALDH
), play crucial roles in responding to SM infection. Furthermore, 5′ RLM-RACE and dual-luciferase assays revealed that the PC-5p-33681_128 and ppe-MIR535b-p3-1ss12TC could regulate the expression of
CsARF
and
CsALDH
by mRNA cleavage, respectively.
Conclusion
This study elucidates miRNA-mediated defense networks in tea plants against SM, offering actionable targets for breeding SM-resistant cultivars via genetic engineering or marker-assisted selection. Implementing these strategies could reduce yield losses, stabilize farmer incomes, and minimize environmental harm from fungicide overuse. This work advances climate-resilient practices for the global tea industry by linking molecular insights to sustainable agriculture.
Journal Article