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Available in paperback for the first time, this first book-length study explores the history of postwar England during the end of empire through a reading of novels which appeared at the time, moving from George Orwell and William Golding to Penelope Lively, Alan Hollinghurst and Ian McEwan. Particular genres are also discussed, including the family saga, travel writing, detective fiction and popular romances.All included reflect on the predicament of an England which no longer lies at the centre of imperial power, arriving at a fascinating diversity of conclusions about the meaning and consequences of the end of empire and the privileged location of the novel for discussing what decolonization meant for the domestic English population of the metropole. The book is written in an easy style, unburdened by large sections of abstract reflection. It endeavours to bring alive in a new way the traditions of the English novel.

\"This first book-length study explores the history of post-war England during the end of empire through a reading of novels which appeared at that time, moving from George Orwell and William Golding to Penelope Lively, Alan Hollinghurst and Ian McEwan. Particular genres are also discussed, including the family saga, travel writing, detective fiction and popular romances. All included reflect on the predicament of an England which no longer lies at the centre of imperial power, arriving at a fascinating diversity of conclusions about the meaning and consequences of the end of empire. Some explicitly address the empire and its demise; others do so in a more muted form. Gilmour and Schwarz link together the historical question of the end of the British empire with the literary issue of the place of the English novel in the post-war years, for the first time addressing the literary responses and the privileged location of the novel for discussing what decolonisation meant for the domestic English population of the metropole. Rather than emphasizing the 'provincial' properties, emphasis is given to the curious echoes and displacements which operate inside the English postwar novel during the years of decolonization. This will interest scholars and general readers concerned with the fate of the English novel and the domestic impact of decolonisation, and is an important inclusion to the expanding historical canon which deals with the end of empire.\"

Tiger Grouper (Mycteroperca tigris) form fish spawning aggregations (FSAs) around the winter full moons (typically January through April) in the Caribbean. Males defend territories to attract mates in a lek-like reproductive strategy. Prior studies have documented rapid declines in populations with FSA-associated fisheries. This study examines the migratory behavior of adult male Tiger Grouper in Little Cayman, Cayman Islands, to better understand the impacts of aggregation fishing. As part of the Grouper Moon Project, we acoustically tagged ten spawning male Tiger Grouper at the western end of Little Cayman in February 2015. Using a hydrophone array surrounding the island, we tracked the movements of the tagged fish for 13 months. We observed 3 migratory strategies: resident fish (n = 2) that live at the FSA site, neighboring fish (n = 5) that live within 4 km of the site, and commuter fish (n = 3) that travel over 4 km for spawning. Fish began aggregating 2 days before the full moon and left 10–12 days after the full moon, from January to May. Regardless of migratory strategy, all tagged fish that aggregated after February 2015 returned to the west end FSA. However, in January 2016, one fish appeared to attend a different FSA closer to its presumed home territory. Tiger Grouper may establish multiple FSAs around Little Cayman, and males appear to attend FSAs near their home territories. Protracted spawning seasons, FSA site infidelity, and putative FSA catchments should all be considered to ensure sustainable fisheries management for this important species.

Human–shark encounters garner a disproportionate amount of public attention. Long-term datasets from shark mitigation programs can help determine the environmental conditions that influence abundance of potentially dangerous sharks. We used 25 yr (1992–2016) of shark catches from the New South Wales (NSW) Shark Meshing Program (SMP) to model the abundance of all potentially dangerous shark species (tiger Galeocerdo cuvier, white Carcharodon carcharias and whaler sharks [genus Carcharhinus]) and individual species/genus to determine: (1) the temporal/spatial variability in catches and (2) the oceanographic and physical variables that could influence abundance. Too few tiger sharks were caught to individually model their abundance. Generalised additive mixed models revealed seasonal and inter-annual abundance trends that differ between white and whaler sharks. Overall, sea surface temperatures (SSTs), years with SSTs colder or warmer than the long-term average, El Niño events, moon illumination, and beach length influenced the abundance of shark groups tested. White shark abundance was highest during water temperatures of ~17–18°C and declined when SST increased above 19°C. Whaler abundance increased with higher SSTs. Shark abundance was higher during El Niño events than during La Niña, although the number of whalers caught was highest during neutral phases. All groups showed a decrease in the number of catches with increasing moon illumination and higher abundance on longer beaches. These results may aid public safety methods aimed at reducing human–shark encounters by highlighting when higher numbers of sharks may occur.

A mechanistic understanding of phenology, the seasonal timing of life history events, is important for understanding species’ interactions and the potential responses of ecological communities to a rapidly changing climate. We present analysis of a seven-year dataset on the breeding phenology of wood frogs (Rana sylvatica), tiger salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum), blue-spotted salamanders (Ambystoma laterale), and associated unisexual Ambystoma salamanders from six wetlands in Southeast Michigan, USA. We assess whether the ordinal date of breeding migrations varies among species, sexes, and individual wetlands, and we describe the specific environmental conditions associated with breeding migrations for each species/sex. Breeding date was significantly affected by species/sex identity, year, wetland, and the interactions between species/sex and year as well as wetland and year. There was a great deal of variation among years, with breeding occurring nearly synchronously among groups in some years but widely spaced between groups in other years. Specific environmental triggers for movement varied for each species and sex and changed as the breeding season progressed. In general, salamanders responded to longer temperature lags (more warmer days in a row) than wood frogs, whereas wood frogs required longer precipitation lags (more rainy days in a row) than salamanders. Wood frogs were more likely to migrate around the time of a new moon, whereas in contrast, Ambystoma salamander migration was not associated with a moon phase. Ordinal day was an important factor in all models, suggesting that these amphibians require a latency period or similar mechanism to avoid breeding too early in the year, even when weather conditions appear favorable. Male wood frogs migrated earlier than female wood frogs, and male blue-spotted salamanders migrated earlier than female A. laterale and associated unisexual females. Larger unisexual salamanders migrated earlier than smaller individuals. Differences in species’ responses to environmental cues led to wood frogs and A. laterale breeding later than tiger salamanders in colder years but not in warmer years. This suggests that, as the climate warms, wood frog and A. laterale larvae may experience less predation from tiger salamander larvae due to reduced size differences when they breed simultaneously. Our study is one of few to describe the proximate drivers of amphibian breeding migrations across multiple species, wetlands, and years, and it can inform models predicting how climate change may shift ecological interactions among pond-breeding amphibian species.

The region surrounding the south pole of Saturn's moon Enceladus shows a young, pervasively fractured surface that emanates enough heat to be detected by the Cassini spacecraft. To explain the elevated heat and eruptive icy plumes originating from large cracks (informally called “tiger stripes”) in the surface, many models implicitly assume a global liquid ocean beneath the surface. Here we show that the fracture patterns in the south‐polar terrain (SPT) of Enceladus are inconsistent with contemporary stress fields, but instead formed in a temporally varying global stress field related to nonsynchronous rotation of a floating ice shell above a global liquid ocean. This finding increase to at least three the number of outer planet satellites likely to possess a subsurface liquid water layer. Key Points The fracture sets on Enceladus suggests nonsynchronous rotation of an ice shell The ice shell is decoupled from the interior by a global liquid ocean There is a prolonged history of fracture activity and eruptive plumes

Enceladus's south polar thermal anomaly and water‐rich plumes suggest the existence of a subsurface ocean, which is overlain by an ice shell of uncertain thickness. Our objective is to constrain Enceladus's ice shell thickness, through assessment of tidally driven Coulomb failure of Enceladus's tiger stripe faults. We find that thin to moderate ice shell thicknesses (<40 km) support shear failure along the tiger stripes, assuming low ice coefficients of friction (0.1–0.3) and shallow fault depths (<3 km). These results are marginally consistent with the minimum ice shell thickness which can permit convection within Enceladus's ice shell. A plausible scenario is one in which the heat loss and tectonic style of Enceladus has changed through time, with convection initiating in a thick ice shell, and tiger stripe activity commencing as the ice shell thinned.

Many grouper (Epinephelidae) species aggregate to spawn at specific times of year, at consistent locations, and at specific times of day and phases of the moon. The tiger grouper (Mycteroperca tigris) is widely distributed in the Caribbean Sea and aggregates to spawn just after the full moon. In January and February 2003–2005, we conducted visual surveys of a tiger grouper spawning aggregation at Glover’s Reef, Belize. The primary objectives of this study were to describe grouper spawning activities with respect to the timing of the lunar cycle, identify and describe male and female spawning behaviors, and estimate the number of grouper spawning events each day. The peak number of both male and female tiger groupers counted each year occurred from 6 to 10 d after the full moon. The peak count of males was 1.6–2.2 times greater than the peak count of females. Six categories of male–male and six categories of male–female interactions were identified. All male tiger groupers displayed an ability to rapidly change color; this was often triggered by a close encounter with other male or female tiger groupers. The daily spawning activity was remarkably predictable. The first spawning occurred on average 8.1 min before sunset, and the last occurred 5.1 min after sunset. On average, less than half of the females at the spawning site spawned each day, but some females spawned more than once in a given day. Females appeared to choose their mates.

The President announces a primetime address tonight on the war, tells allies to get their own oil through the Strait of Hormuz. Astronauts could blast off on a mission around the moon as soon as today. Tiger Woods says he is stepping away from golf to get the help he needs after his latest DUI arrest. A federal judge has blocked construction of President Trump`s $400 million ballroom until Congress approves the project. A new documentary on artificial intelligence looks at the potential, opportunities and the risks. Kenan Thompson`s new kids` book is called \"Unfunny Bunny,\" GUESTS: Jamie Dimon, Tristan Harris, Ashley Bellman, Kenan Thompson

Day 33 of the war with Iran brings an address to the nation by President Trump. It comes the day after he signaled the fighting may end in two to three weeks, a deadline he`s changed several times before. Meanwhile, in an interview with CBS News, the president says talks with Iran are continuing, but he insists he doesn`t need a deal to stop the war. We`re hours away from the United States return to the moon. Artemis II is waiting to lift off from the Kennedy Space Center on the first lunar mission since 1972. Four astronauts are preparing for a 10-day mission. By nightfall, the Orion capsule may be launched into low Earth orbit. Paperback books that fit in your pocket have long been bestsellers, hooking generations of readers. But the familiar book format is now disappearing from stores. CBS` Bradley Blackburn explains why.