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Despite international advancements in gender equality across a variety of societal domains, the underrepresentation of girls and women in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) related fields persists. In this study, we explored the possibility that the sex difference in mathematics anxiety contributes to this disparity. More specifically, we tested a number of predictions from the prominent gender stratification model, which is the leading psychological theory of cross-national patterns of sex differences in mathematics anxiety and performance. To this end, we analyzed data from 761,655 15-year old students across 68 nations who participated in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). Most importantly and contra predictions, we showed that economically developed and more gender equal countries have a lower overall level of mathematics anxiety, and yet a larger national sex difference in mathematics anxiety relative to less developed countries. Further, although relatively more mothers work in STEM fields in more developed countries, these parents valued, on average, mathematical competence more in their sons than their daughters. The proportion of mothers working in STEM was unrelated to sex differences in mathematics anxiety or performance. We propose that the gender stratification model fails to account for these national patterns and that an alternative model is needed. In the discussion, we suggest how an interaction between socio-cultural values and sex-specific psychological traits can better explain these patterns. We also discuss implications for policies aiming to increase girls' STEM participation.

Geographers have increasingly been investigating the role of space in the regulation and constitution of a range of scientific discourses from historical studies of natural history societies and zoological gardens to analyses of contemporary biotechnology industries. It is abundantly clear that geographical location and the spatial relationships underpinning such institutions form more than the material stage on which scientific activity takes place. These socially produced spaces themselves, and their internal and external connectivities, play an important role in the establishment and warranting of knowledge claims to specific interpretations of the natural world. Moreover, historically institutions such as botanical gardens not only displayed prevalent systems of taxonomic regulation; they also became sites for the investigation of order in the natural world. This paper investigates the relationship between David Moore's role as curator of Dublin's botanical garden and his delivery of an anti-evolution lecture in Belfast in 1874. For Moore, the structuring of the scientific garden and the botanical discourse attending plant life there revealed the workings of a beneficent designer and thus was a material expression of a natural theology. The classifying of plants into families, the orderly fashioning of the beds, the display of exotics in the hothouses all facilitated a particular reading of designed nature which confirmed his commitment to the existence of a divine designer, and this reading of nature was popularly translated in his Belfast lecture.

'Restorative justice' is often used as an umbrella term for a range of processes - including victim-offender mediation, youth justice conferencing and circle sentencing - through which legal reformers have sought to move away from a retributive model of justice, to encourage offenders to take more responsibility for their actions, to offer victims a voice that is often lacking in courtroom proceedings, and to promote reintegration of offenders into a community of care. With a view to offering a sympathetic critique of restorative justice theory, we read David Williamson's trilogy of 'docudramas' ('Face to Face, A Conversation' and 'Charitable Intent') against the observations of fieldwork carried out in the New South Wales juvenile justice system. This comparative analysis shows how Williamson's representation of restorative justice aligns better with the sort of ideal-typical descriptions of practice that restorative justice practitioners offer in their training manuals than it does with actual practice.

This article uses world-systems analysis to examine the role that pirates and privateers played in the competition between European core states in the Atlantic and Caribbean frontier during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Piracy was an integral part of core-periphery interaction, as a force that nations could use against one another in the form of privateers, and as a reaction against increasing constraints on freedom of action by those same states, thus forming a semiperiphery. Although modern portrayals of pirates and privateers paint a distinct line between the two groups, historical records indicate that their actual status was rather fluid, with particular people moving back and forth between the two. As a result, the individuals were on a margin between legality and treason, often crossing from one to the other. In this study we discuss how pirates and privateers fit into the margins of society in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, also known as the Golden Age of Piracy, specifically using the example of Edward Teach, aka Blackbeard. The present analysis can contribute to our understanding not only of piracy, but also of the structure of peripheries and semiperipheries that in some ways reflect resistance to incorporation.

The next was changing the ANA's policy on Presidential Endorsement to one of Presidential Election Engagement. [...]ANA will inform the candidates on issues important to the largest group of health care workers in the United States! The final proposal approved was to revise the ANA position statement, The Nurse's Role When a Patient Requests Aid in Dying.

Walsworth is a top-five book and magazine printer, a catalog printer, and the only family-owned printer of yearbooks. The company operates from administrative offices and book printing and binding facilities in Marceline, Missouri; a prepress facility in Brookfield, Missouri; a sales and marketing office in Overland Park, Kansas; and magazine and catalog printing facilities in Saint Joseph, Michigan; Ripon, Wisconsin; and Fulton, Missouri. Additionally, Walsworth owns the Donning Company Publishers, a specialty book publisher. Owned and led by the Walsworth family, the company was established in 1937 by Don Walsworth to print playbills.