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Flowers on the tree of life
\"Genetic and molecular studies have recently come to dominate botanical research at the expense of more traditional morphological approaches. This broad introduction to modern flower systematics demonstrates the great potential that floral morphology has to complement molecular data in phylogenetic and evolutionary investigations. Contributions from experts in floral morphology and evolution take the reader through examples of how flowers have diversified in a large variety of lineages of extant and fossil flowering plants. They explore angiosperm origins and the early evolution of flowers and analyse the significance of morphological characters for phylogenetic reconstructions on the tree of life. The importance of integrating morphology into modern botanical research is highlighted through case studies exploring specific plant groups where morphological investigations are having a major impact. Examples include the clarification of phylogenetic relationships and understanding the significance and evolution of specific floral characters, such as pollination mechanisms and stamen and carpel numbers\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Introducing morphology
\"Morphology is the study of how words are put together. A lively introduction to the subject, this textbook is intended for undergraduates with relatively little background in linguistics. Providing data from a wide variety of languages, it includes hands-on activities such as 'challenge boxes', designed to encourage students to gather their own data and analyze it, work with data on websites, perform simple experiments, and discuss topics with each other. There is also an extensive introduction to the terms and concepts necessary for analyzing words. Topics such as the mental lexicon, derivation, compounding, inflection, morphological typology, productivity, and the interface of morphology with syntax and phonology expose students to the whole scope of the field. Unlike other textbooks it anticipates the question 'Is it a real word?' and tackles it head on by looking at the distinction between dictionaries and the mental lexicon. This second edition has been thoroughly updated, including new examples and exercises as well as a detailed introduction to using linguistic corpora to find and analyze morphological data\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
P212 Characterisation of patients with expiratory large airway collapse
BackgroundTracheobronchomalacia (TBM) and excessive dynamic airway collapse (EDAC) are two forms of expiratory large airway collapse which is a potential, often underdiagnosed cause for unexplained cough, breathlessness, inability to expectorate and frequent infections. They can vary in aetiology, morphology, extent and severity. Proper characterisation of patients may help to identify different phenotypes, potentially contributing to more personalised treatment.MethodsWe reviewed the database, bronchoscopy reports and video images of n=33 patients (27 female, age 54.5±12.9 years) who had been referred for treatment to a specialist respiratory physiotherapist for the diagnosis of expiratory large airway collapse. Patients were characterised according to the classification proposed by Murgu and Colt (Respirology, 2007). TBM and EDAC were scored in terms of extent (1=mild, <50% collapse, 2=focal, 3=multifocal, 4=diffuse), severity (1= <50% collapse, 2= 50–70% collapse, 3= 70–100%, 4= 100%), morphology (crescent, sabre-sheet, circumferential) and aetiology (idiopathic or secondary to lung disease).ResultsBronchoscopy had been performed in 32 subjects, and video available for review in 26 cases. Of these 26, the extent of collapse was mild in one, focal in nine, multifocal in seven, and diffuse in nine. The severity of collapse was <50% in one, 50–70% in seven, 70–100% in 15, and complete in three. There was a significant relationship between extent and severity (p=0.01, r=0.47). Two patients had circumferential collapse, the rest were crescent type. Associated diagnoses were: asthma in 23 patients; bronchiectasis in two; Ehlers-Danlos syndrome in one; and none of relevance in the six remaining.ConclusionsExpiratory large airway collapse is a multi-factorial disorder which can manifest in various extent and severity. Further observational studies are warranted to categorise patients and to see if these categories can predict treatment response.
Journal Article
Look at me! : wild animal show-offs
\"What's that showing off? You'll know once you've come up close and personal with the animals in this book. Open the giant fold-out pages to see incredibly detailed illustrations of creatures whose showy displays and bold marking say 'Look at ME!'\"--Dust jacket flap.
Book
Posterior calcaneal spur length and angle are predictors of pain and functional limitation in insertional Achilles tendinopathy
Objectives: This study aimed to quantitatively evaluate the clinical impact of posterior calcaneal spur (PoCS) morphology, specifically spur length and inclination angle, in patients with insertional Achilles tendinopathy (IAT). Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 200 patients with symptomatic IAT who underwent standardized weight-bearing lateral ankle radiographs. Spur length and inclination angle were measured, and patients were stratified into nine subgroups based on three length categories (<5 mm, 5-10 mm, >10 mm) and three angle categories (<10°, 10-20°, >20°). Clinical outcomes were assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score, and Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment-Achilles (VISA-A) score. Kruskal-Wallis tests and multivariate linear regression analyses were used to evaluate associations between spur morphology and outcomes. Results: Both longer spurs (>10 mm) and steeper inclination angles (>20°) were significantly associated with worse clinical scores including higher VAS scores and lower AOFAS and VISA-A scores (P<0.001). Patients with spur lengths >10 mm and angles >20° had a mean VAS score of 7.22±0.65, VISA-A score of 49.72±2.54, and AOFAS score of 60.00±4.24, indicating greater pain and functional limitation. In contrast, patients with spur lengths <5 mm and angles <10° had lower VAS scores (5.18±0.82) and higher VISA-A (63.43±3.92) and AOFAS (72.57±4.33) scores, reflecting lower pain intensity and higher functional capacity (P < 0.001 for all). Regression analysis confirmed that spur length and angle were independent predictors of clinical outcome (P<0.001), while age, sex, and BMI were not statistically significant contributors (P>0.05). Conclusions: Spur morphology - specifically length and angle - has a measurable impact on symptom severity in IAT. Radiographic evaluation of PoCS morphology should be integrated into clinical decision-making for more tailored management.
Journal Article
The morphology of Dutch
This volume provides a detailed and comprehensive description of the morphological system of Dutch, and contributes to multiple current debates in linguistic theory. This second edition has been fully revised and updated throughout with expanded coverage, new results, and a new chapter on separable complex verbs.
Book
