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"Moscow (Russia) -- Ethnic relations"
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Voices from the Soviet edge : southern migrants in Leningrad and Moscow
\"This book focuses on those peoples of the Caucasus and Central Asia, who were making the streets of the Soviet Union's \"two capitals\" their own. Hundreds of thousands of Uzbeks, Tajiks, Georgians, Azerbaijanis and others arrived in the last Soviet era, seeking opportunity at the privileged heart of the USSR. Using extensive oral histories as well as published and archival sources, this book shows how their energy transformed their own and their family's life chances and created inter-republican networks, altering life in the center and periphery alike. Citizens of the Soviet Union but often lacking residence papers required for their stay; denigrated as \"Blacks\" by some in the local population but accepted by others for their knowledge and goods; excited by their status as residents of the capital, but torn over attachments to an ethnic identity and home: these newcomers exemplify the ambiguities of the Soviet modernization and multinational project. This book connects Leningrad and Moscow to transnational trends of core-periphery movement and marks them as global cities. It examines Soviet concepts, such as the \"friendship of peoples,\" alongside ethnic and national difference, which became racialized. It reveals the Brezhnev era as a time of dynamism and opportunity, and Leningrad and Moscow not as isolated outposts of privilege, but at the heart of any number of systems that linked the Soviet Union. In the 1980s, the Soviet Union crumbled from the outside in, and increased migration presaged perestroika-era tensions and shortages and, eventually, the USSR's collapse. These migrants were the forbears of the million-plus Muslims from the former Soviet spaces now in Leningrad and Moscow, who have confronted rampant racism in the 2000s\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Voices from the Soviet Edge
Jeff Sahadeo reveals the complex and fascinating stories of migrant populations in Leningrad and Moscow.Voices from the Soviet Edgefocuses on the hundreds of thousands of Uzbeks, Tajiks, Georgians, Azerbaijanis, and others who arrived toward the end of the Soviet era, seeking opportunity at the privileged heart of the USSR. Through the extensive oral histories Sahadeo has collected, he shows how the energy of these migrants, denigrated as \"Blacks\" by some Russians, transformed their families' lives and created inter-republican networks, altering society and community in both the center and the periphery of life in the \"two capitals.\"
Voices from the Soviet Edgeconnects Leningrad and Moscow to transnational trends of core-periphery movement and marks them as global cities. In examining Soviet concepts such as \"friendship of peoples\" alongside ethnic and national differences, Sahadeo shows how those ideas became racialized but could also be deployed to advance migrant aspirations. He exposes the Brezhnev era as a time of dynamism and opportunity, and Leningrad and Moscow not as isolated outposts of privilege but at the heart of any number of systems that linked the disparate regions of the USSR into a whole. In the 1980s, as the Soviet Union crumbled, migration increased. These later migrants were the forbears of contemporary Muslims from former Soviet spaces who now confront significant discrimination in European Russia. As Sahadeo demonstrates, the two cities benefited from 1980s' migration but also became communities where racism and exclusion coexisted with citizenship and Soviet identity.
eBook
Jewish Russians : upheavals in a Moscow synagogue
Based on extensive fieldwork, Jewish Russians examines a population in crisis, in a city in crisis, in a state in crisis. Sascha Goluboff examines in depth a single community and the conflicts and struggles--sometimes physically violent ones--over control of its synagogue. She charts the demise of the elderly Russian Jewish community and the rise of a transnational one.
eBook
Jewish Russians
The prevalence of anti-Semitism in Russia is well known, but the issue of race within the Jewish community has rarely been discussed explicitly. Combining ethnography with archival research,Jewish Russians: Upheavals in a Moscow Synagoguedocuments the changing face of the historically dominant Russian Jewish community in the mid-1990s. Sascha Goluboff focuses on a Moscow synagogue, now comprising individuals from radically different cultures and backgrounds, as a nexus from which to explore issues of identity creation and negotiation. Following the rapid rise of this transnational congregation-headed by a Western rabbi and consisting of Jews from Georgia and the mountains of Azerbaijan and Dagestan, along with Bukharan Jews from Central Asia-she evaluates the process that created this diverse gathering and offers an intimate sense of individual interactions in the context of the synagogue's congregation. Challenging earlier research claims that Russian and Jewish identities are mutually exclusive, Goluboff illustrates how post-Soviet Jews use Russian and Jewish ethnic labels and racial categories to describe themselves. Jews at the synagogue were constantly engaged in often contradictory but always culturally meaningful processes of identity formation. Ambivalent about emerging class distinctions, Georgian, Russian, Mountain, and Bukharan Jews evaluated one another based on each group's supposed success or failure in the new market economy. Goluboff argues that post-Soviet Jewry is based on perceived racial, class, and ethnic differences as they emerge within discourses of belonging to the Jewish people and the new Russian nation.
eBook
Federalism and democratisation in Russia
The collapse of communism in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe has encouraged political scientists to re-examine the comparative literature on democratisation. A vast literature has now been produced comparing transitions from authoritarianism and democratisation in different parts of the world. However, there are two major omissions in the transition literature. First, the focus of research has primarily been on national level politics, and second, the relationship between federalism and democracy has largely been overlooked. This study seeks to redress this imbalance by moving the focus of research from the national level to the vitally important processes of institution building and democratisation at the local level and to the study of federalism and democratisation in Russia. Federal states are much more difficult to set up than unitary ones, and forging a new federal system at the same time as privatising the economy and trying to radically overhaul the political system has clearly made Russia's transition triply difficult. This book builds on Cameron Ross' earlier work, 'Regional Politics in Russia', by combining theoretical perspectives with empirical work to provide a comparative analysis of the electoral systems, party systems and governmental systems in the ethnic republics and regions and to assess the impact of theses different institutional arrangements on democratisation and federalism. Overall, this study argues that Russia's weak and asymmetrical form of federalism has played a major role in thwarting the consolidation of democracy. Federalism and democratisation in Russia exist in contradiction rather than harmony. In a vicious circle authoritarianism at the centre has been nourished by authoritarianism in the regions and vice versa. 'Elective dictatorships' and 'delegative democracies' are now well entrenched in many republics and authoritarian regimes are firmly established in a majority of the regions. This book will be vital reading for advanced undergraduate and graduate students of Russian politics and democratisation.
eBook
Status Translation
For migrants coming from Central Asia to Moscow, the Cathedral Mosque functions as a central hub to organise their life in the Russian capital. The reason for this is not predominantly their faith or religion. Rather, this place of worship opens a space in which these mostly Tajik people translate their status from that of a stranger exposed to xenophobia and distrust to the respected position of a proper Muslim.
Journal Article
Crimea and the Russian-Ukrainian Conflict
The recent Russian-Ukrainian dispute over Crimea attracted wide international attention. The purpose of this paper is to explain its historic, demographic, legal, political and military strategic background, its similarities with and differences from other \"frozen\" conflicts on the periphery of the former Soviet Union, the roles of three main parties directly involved in the Crimean conflict, its linkage with secessionist attempts in Eastern and Southern Ukraine, wider international ramifications of the conflict and the ensuing deterioration of the West's relations with the Russian Federation.
Journal Article
Fistfights at the Moscow Choral Synagogue: Ethnicity and Ritual in Post-Soviet Russia
In this article I investigate ritual life at the Moscow Choral Synagogue, the largest and longest running Orthodox synagogue in the Russian capital. Unlike many Eastern European synagogues, this synagogue is a thriving prayer community due to its unique congregation of Russian, Georgian, Bukharan, Mountain, and visiting Western Jews. I focus on a fistfight that took place between an Israeli and a Georgian Jew during prayer. I detail how Russian and Georgian Jews interpreted the incident to be a result of their different ethnicities, Russian and Georgian respectively. The fight elucidates how ritual in post-Soviet society provides the means for the production of ethnicity and Jewish identity. Arguing for localism within Judaism's transnational ideology, I suggest that Jewish identity, like ritual, is performative and contextual. I also show how the shifting power relations in post-Soviet society have reshaped ethnicity, making state-endorsed market reform a reference point of ethnic differentiation.
Journal Article
Ethnicity as Social Rank: Governance, Law, and Empire in Muscovite Russia
Most European early-modern states transitioned from composite monarchies into centralized ones. Essentially, composite monarchies were “more than one country under the sovereignty of one ruler.” As Moscow expanded and acquired the surrounding principalities either by inheritance or force, its grand princes enacted a series of legal and administrative reforms to dissolve the differences among its territories and create a centralized monarchy. These political reforms began under Ivan III, who instituted a standardization of Muscovite legal practice and formalized a defined system of social precedence, mestnichestvo, which accorded high rank to his newly acquired provincial elites within the Muscovite social system. Change could not happen overnight, and further legal reforms by Ivan IV, in addition to new religious reforms to eradicate differences of practice among his subjects, centralized the Grand Prince's political and religious authority.
Journal Article
Urban Begging and Ethnic Nepotism in Russia: An Ethnological Pilot Study
Tests the hypothesis that altruism in the form of alms giving would be greater within than between ethnic groups & greater between more closely related groups than between more distant groups. Observations were made in 1998 of 178 ethnic Russian, Moldavian, & Gypsy beggars receiving gifts from ethnic Russians in Moscow trains. The Gypsies were mainly girls, contrary to the Russian sample. Multivariate analysis identified three main strategies: active, personified, & appeasing-undirected. Russian strategies were most variable. Gypsies presented strong charity releasers: 84% were children who played music & sang & showed appeasing-undirected behavior; the few adults were highly submissive or friendly. Nevertheless, their success was limited compared with that of ethnic Russians, despite the latter's demanding behavior & their being mostly mature or elderly persons. Moldavians received an intermediate amount of charity. 9 Tables, 50 References. Adapted from the source document.
Journal Article