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"Motivation theory"
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Impact of Online Information on Self-Isolation Intention During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-Sectional Study
During the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, governments issued movement restrictions and placed areas into quarantine to combat the spread of the disease. In addition, individuals were encouraged to adopt personal health measures such as social isolation. Information regarding the disease and recommended avoidance measures were distributed through a variety of channels including social media, news websites, and emails. Previous research suggests that the vast amount of available information can be confusing, potentially resulting in overconcern and information overload.
This study investigates the impact of online information on the individual-level intention to voluntarily self-isolate during the pandemic. Using the protection-motivation theory as a framework, we propose a model outlining the effects of cyberchondria and information overload on individuals' perceptions and motivations.
To test the proposed model, we collected data with an online survey (N=225) and analyzed it using partial least square-structural equation modeling. The effects of social media and living situation were tested through multigroup analysis.
Cyberchondria and information overload had a significant impact on individuals' threat and coping perceptions, and through them on self-isolation intention. Among the appraisal constructs, perceived severity (P=.002) and self-efficacy (P=.003) positively impacted self-isolation intention, while response cost (P<.001) affected the intention negatively. Cyberchondria (P=.003) and information overload (P=.003) indirectly affected self-isolation intention through the aforementioned perceptions. Using social media as an information source increased both cyberchondria and information overload. No differences in perceptions were found between people living alone and those living with their families.
During COVID-19, frequent use of social media contributed to information overload and overconcern among individuals. To boost individuals' motivation to adopt preventive measures such as self-isolation, actions should focus on lowering individuals' perceived response costs in addition to informing them about the severity of the situation.
Journal Article
In harm’s way
Non-migration is an adaptive strategy that has received little attention in environmental migration studies. We explore the leveraging factors of non-migration decisions of communities at risk in coastal Bangladesh, where exposure to both rapid- and slow-onset natural disasters is high. We apply the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) to empirical data and assess how threat perception and coping appraisal influences migration decisions in farming communities suffering from salinization of cropland. This study consists of data collected through quantitative household surveys (n = 200) and semi-structured interviews from four villages in southwest coastal Bangladesh. Results indicate that most respondents are unwilling to migrate, despite better economic conditions and reduced environmental risk in other locations. Land ownership, social connectedness, and household economic strength are the strongest predictors of non-migration decisions. This study is the first to use the PMT to understand migration-related behaviour and the findings are relevant for policy planning in vulnerable regions where exposure to climate-related risks is high but populations are choosing to remain in place.
Journal Article
UNDERSTANDING THE ACCEPTANCE OF MOBILE HEALTH SERVICES: A COMPARISON AND INTEGRATION OF ALTERNATIVE MODELS
The advancement of mobile technology and the increasing importance of health promote the boom in mobile health services (MHS) around the world. Although there have been several studies investigating the health technology acceptance behavior from a variety of theoretical perspectives, they have not provided a unified understanding. To fill this research gap, this paper: (1) reviews the health technology acceptance literature and discusses three prominent models (e.g., the technology acceptance model, the theory of planned behavior or the unified theory of use and acceptance of technology, and the protection motivation theory), (2) empirically compares the three models, and (3) formulates and empirically validates the unified model in the context of mobile health services. In the unified model of health technology acceptance, we propose that users' intention to use mobile health services is determined by five key factors: performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, and threat appraisals. The results show that the unified model outperforms the three alternative models by significantly improving the R-squares. Finally, the implications for theory and practice are put forward. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
Journal Article
“Thriving at work” or not? Research on the effects of performance pressure based on achievement motivation theory and two-factor theory
PurposeBased on achievement motivation theory and two-factor theory, this research aimed to synergize cooperative goal interdependence (refer to possessing incentive factors) and illegitimate tasks (refer to the absence of security factors) and build a triple interaction model in the process of performance pressure affecting employees’ thriving at work.Design/methodology/approachThis research collected 291 valid data through a two-point time-lagged method to test the direct effect of performance pressure on employees’ thriving at work and its moderating mechanism.FindingsPerformance pressure has a significant positive effect on employees’ thriving at work. Cooperative goal interdependence imposes an enhanced moderating effect between performance pressure and employees’ thriving at work. Illegitimate task imposes an interfering moderating effect between performance pressure and employees’ thriving at work and further interferes the enhanced moderating effect of cooperative goal interdependence.Practical implicationsUnder the premise of advocating for employees to internalize performance pressure originating from the organizational performance management system into their own achievement motivation, leaders should establish incentive systems and security systems for employees to realize self-achievement through the process of goal management and task management.Originality/valueThis research confirmed the joint determination of incentive effect and insecurity effect on employees’ achievement motivation by cooperative goal interdependence and illegitimate task and revealed the boundary conditions of employees’ choice of thriving at work.
Journal Article
Who wants to be a franchisee? Explaining individual intentions to become franchisees
An important challenge for franchisors is to find individuals with strong intentions to become franchisees that they can actively support in this ambition. We contribute to franchising research by developing and testing a model to explain individual intentions to become franchisees as a specific type of entrepreneurial intention (EI). We combine Achievement Motivation Theory (AMT) with the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) to propose inverted U-shaped associations between individual motivations (i.e. need for achievement and risk-taking propensity), their cognitive assessments of franchising (i.e. attitude towards franchising and perceived behavioural control), and their EI regarding franchising. Our survey of 666 individuals demonstrates that need for achievement impacts attitude towards franchising and perceived behavioural control regarding franchising following respectively inverted U-shaped and declining positive relationships, and they partly mediate the relationships between need for achievement and EI regarding franchising. We find a negative linear association with attitude towards franchising.
Paper
Associations between parental protective motivation, behaviors, and child outcomes in allergic diseases: a cross-sectional study based on protection motivation theory
Background
The rising burden of pediatric allergic diseases underscores parental intentions and behaviors as critical to allergic prevention and management. This study aims to develop and validate a Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) based scale for parents of children with allergic diseases, and to examine the associations between parental protection motivation, their management intentions and behaviors, and pediatric health outcomes.
Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study among parents of children with allergic diseases at Hangzhou Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang Province, China, from July to December 2022. The PMT scale was developed using data from a pilot survey (
N
= 440) and validated in an empirical study (
N
= 443). Structural equation modeling mapped interconnections between parental protective motivation, intention, and behavior. Multiple linear regression explored PMT dimensions’ association with parental intentions and behaviors, while machine learning models evaluated their clinical relevance to children’s disease outcomes.
Results
The PMT scale demonstrated good reliability (Cronbach’s α coefficient = 0.844) and validity (χ
2
/df = 2.918, RMSEA = 0.066, GFI = 0.906, CFI = 0.937, NFI = 0.908, IFI = 0.937, TLI = 0.919). In structural equation model, protection motivation showed significant overall interconnections with parental intention (0.78,
p
< 0.001). PMT dimensions were associated to 48.2% and 45.5% of the variance in parental intention and behavior related to allergic diseases in multiple linear regressions, with self-efficacy and perceived susceptibility being the most strongly associated factors. Random forest models demonstrated good discrimination in identifying associations between PMT dimensions and children’s atopic severity and attacks, achieving AUC of 0.84 and 0.88 respectively, with all six PMT dimensions among the top-15 related variables.
Conclusions
Our findings reveal the relevance of measuring parental protective motivation as captured by the developed PMT scale. It had significant associations with key parental intentions and behaviors in managing childhood atopy. This implies the necessity of refined PMT-based interventions to support outcomes in childhood allergic disease management.
Journal Article
Conspiracy Beliefs about Groups Benefitting from the COVID-19 Pandemic Moderate the Relationship Between Fear of COVID-19 and Subjective Assessment of the Efficacy of Preventive Measures
Drawing on the protective motivation theory and parallel response model, in this cross-sectional, questionnaire- based study (N = 212) carried out on a sample of the general public (age 18-65), we aimed to test the potential interaction effects of fear of COVID-19 and conspiracy beliefs about groups benefitting from the COVID-19 pandemic in predicting subjective assessment of the efficacy of three COVID-19 preventive measures. The results have shown that fear of COVID-19 was positively related to a positive assessment of the efficacy of frequent disinfection of hands and surfaces, but only in people who had COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs on an average or high level. However, on all levels of COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs, fear of COVID-19 related positively to a positive assessment of mask wearing and social distancing efficacy, however, to a different extent. We discuss the results in light of the protective motivation theory and the affiliation function of COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs and conforming to the prevention guidelines.
Journal Article
Fear appeal, coping appeal and mobile health technology persuasion: a two-stage scenario-based survey of the elderly
PurposePrior researches on the adoption of mobile health services (MHS) concentrate on the subjective cognitive appraisals resulting in technology adoption, while ignoring how to shape those cognitive appraisals by the objective message design strategies which are easier to operate in practice. Based on protection motivation theory (PMT), the current research aims to explore the antecedents of cognitive appraisals by focusing on message design strategies of fear appeal and coping appeal.Design/methodology/approachA two-stage scenario-based survey of 204 participants was conducted to collect data. The authors chose SPSS and covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM) approach with the software LISREL 8.8 to test our model.FindingsThe results show that the relationship between fear appeal and fear arousal is inverted U-shaped such that the degree of fear arousal is the greatest when the fear appeal is at a moderate level. Perceived usefulness for the message with negative framing is higher than that with positive framing. Furthermore, fear appeal and coping appeal have a significant interaction on the adoption of MHS at different stages.Research limitations/implicationsThe sample data of this study come from a special health service of a special group in China, which limits the universality of our research results for other groups or health care services. Therefore, future researchers can validate the model in other research scenarios and sample populations.Originality/valueThis study shows how fear appeal and coping appeal work together to influence individuals' adoption intention. The authors’ findings expand the theoretical depth of PMT and fear theory, enriching the theoretical connotation of framing effect in mobile health technology adoption context, which add new insights to design more persuasive messages through fear appeal and coping appeal for researchers and MHS providers in mobile health communication or propaganda.
Journal Article