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"Motors"
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intelligent movement machine
This book offers a fundamental new theory of motor cortex organization: the rendering of the movement repertoire onto the cortex. The action repertoire of an animal is highly dimensional, whereas the cortical sheet is two-dimensional. Rendering the action space onto the cortex therefore results in a complex pattern, explaining the otherwise inexplicable details of motor cortex organization. This book includes a complete history of motor cortex research from its discovery to the present, a discussion of the major issues in motor cortex research, and an account of recent experiments that led to the book's “action map” view. Though focused on motor cortex, the book includes a range of topics from an explanation of how primates put food in their mouths, to the origins of social behavior such as smiling and laughing, to the mysterious link between movement disorders and autism.
eBook
The V12 engine : the untold inside story of the technology, evolution, performance and impact of all V12-engined cars
\"In this richly illustrated volume, Karl Ludvigsen takes the reader behind the scenes of the creation of the greatest V12 engines, recalling the effortless urge of the luxurious Hispano-Suiza of the 1930s and the scintillating surge of Lamborghini supercars of the 1960s. From exotic Auburns, Packards and Pierce Arrows in America to Europe's Ferraris, Lagondas and Delahayes, The V12 Engine is a lavish feast for car enthusiasts who relish the untold facts behind the story\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
Nusinersen versus Sham Control in Infantile-Onset Spinal Muscular Atrophy
In this phase 3 trial, among infants with spinal muscular atrophy, those who received nusinersen were more likely to achieve major motor milestones and less likely to need permanent assisted ventilation than those who underwent a sham procedure.
Journal Article
Electric vehicle machines and drives : design, analysis and application
\"A comprehensive reference that consolidates the research and development of electric vehicle machines and drives for electric and hybrid propulsion\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
Hebbian priming of human motor learning
Motor learning relies on experience-dependent plasticity in relevant neural circuits. In four experiments, we provide initial evidence and a double-blinded, sham-controlled replication (Experiment I-II) demonstrating that motor learning involving ballistic index finger movements is improved by preceding paired corticospinal-motoneuronal stimulation (PCMS), a human model for exogenous induction of spike-timing-dependent plasticity. Behavioral effects of PCMS targeting corticomotoneuronal (CM) synapses are order- and timing-specific and partially bidirectional (Experiment III). PCMS with a 2 ms inter-arrival interval at CM-synapses enhances learning and increases corticospinal excitability compared to control protocols. Unpaired stimulations did not increase corticospinal excitability (Experiment IV). Our findings demonstrate that non-invasively induced plasticity interacts positively with experience-dependent plasticity to promote motor learning. The effects of PCMS on motor learning approximate Hebbian learning rules, while the effects on corticospinal excitability demonstrate timing-specificity but not bidirectionality. These findings offer a mechanistic rationale to enhance motor practice effects by priming sensorimotor training with individualized PCMS.
Whether paired corticospinal-motoneuronal stimulation (PCMS)-protocols can promote motor learning and how PCMS protocols interact with mechanisms of experience-dependent plasticity is not fully understood. Here authors show that non-invasively induced plasticity targeting corticomotoneuronal synapses promotes motor learning by interacting positively with experience-dependent plasticity.
Journal Article
Neurophysiological mechanisms underlying motor skill learning in young and older adults
The ability to acquire and retain novel motor skills is preserved with advancing age. However, the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying skill acquisition in older adults have received little systematic investigation. The aim of the present study was to assess the modulation of primary motor cortex excitability and inhibition after skill acquisition in young and older adults. Sixteen young and sixteen older adults trained on a sequential visual isometric wrist extension task. Anodal or sham transcranial direct current stimulation was applied during training in a pseudorandomized crossover design. Skill was quantified before, immediately after, 24 h and 7 days post-training. Transcranial magnetic stimulation protocols were used to examine corticomotor excitability and intracortical inhibition pre- and post-training. Corticomotor excitability increased and intracortical inhibition decreased after skill acquisition in both age groups. Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation did not enhance skill acquisition or the modulation of neurophysiological variables. These findings indicate potential neurophysiological mechanisms relevant for motor learning in neurorehabilitation contexts involving older adults, such as after stroke.
Journal Article
Classic racing engines : expert technical analysis of fifty of the greatest motorsport power units
\"From the earliest days of motor racing, engineers have strived to develop engines which push the boundaries of technology. This lavishly illustrated book details the design, development and specifications of the author's personal selection of 50 classic racing engines from 1913 to 1994. In addition to thoroughbred winners such as the 1936 Auto Union C-type, the 1957 Maserati 250 F and the 1967 Ford DFV, a number of more obscure yet equally fascinating engines are represented, such as the 1949 Cisitalia and the 1958 Borgward RS. So too are the troublesome 16-cylinder engines produced by BRM. Karl Ludvigsen uses his extensive network of contacts throughout the racing engine world to provide behind-the-scenes stories, and speaks to the personalities involved in developing the power units that have made history.\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
Modeling and control of engines and drivelines
Control systems have come to play an important role in the performance of modern vehicles with regards to meeting goals on low emissions and low fuel consumption. To achieve these goals, modeling, simulation, and analysis have become standard tools for the development of control systems in the automotive industry.
eBook