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"Multiculturalism America History."
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Comparing Canada and the Americas : from roots to transcultural networks
\"Comparing Canada and the Americas covers the Americas in a comparative perspective spanning from the 19th century to the 21st century. It explores socio-cultural dynamics having changed considerably in the Americas which are progressively shedding their original fascination for Europe and slowly recognizing the importance of Indigenous, Afro-descendants and immigrant cultures. The Americas have many dynamics in common, such as the presence of shared dualistic paradigms, like civilization/barbarism, which is a synonym for self/others. From the invention of the Nation States to globalization, the valorization of taking roots has transformed into the valorization of the legitimacy of geo-symbolic displacements. A comparative study of Canada, Quebec, Latin America, the Caribbean and the USA reveals both the exclusions and the inclusions, which, in literary, artistic, and media productions, as well as political essays, are founded on the opposition between interior and exterior. The current era has seen the displacement of these oppositions within the context of the recognition of the others. This recognition is rooted in multicultural, intercultural, and transcultural perspectives. In the current networked and complex contemporary world, literary, artistic, political and media texts go beyond dichotomous oppositions and historical master narratives legitimating exclusions. Instead, they valorize 'chameleoning' and the surprise of encounters with different cultures, thus creating new perspectives linked to a techno-cultural and democratic future based on the desire to share and to belong to oneself\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Sino-American Relations
Sino-American Relations brings together high-quality research articles in order to examine one aspect of the political mechanism of modern China, from empire to the PRC: political initiatives to root out corruption. Proceeding chronologically, the eleven chapters explore modern political history through a particular focus on the anti-corruption campaigns of early modern and modern China. Our interdisciplinary analysis draws on methodologies from several distinct fields, including political science, civil law, and mass media. Such an analysis reveals the unique characteristics of China’s urbanization, which have transformed not only the country, but also the CCP – from a rural-based totalitarian party to a city-centered authoritarian party, and from a party of the people to a party of powerful interest groups by 2002–2016.
eBook
Gifts of the Immigrants, Woes of the Natives
In this article, I jointly investigate the political and the economic effects of immigration, and study the causes of anti-immigrant sentiments. I exploit exogenous variation in European immigration to U.S. cities between 1910 and 1930 induced by World War I and the Immigration Acts of the 1920s, and instrument immigrants’ location decision relying on pre-existing settlement patterns. I find that immigration triggered hostile political reactions, such as the election of more conservative legislators, higher support for anti-immigration legislation, and lower redistribution. Exploring the causes of natives’ backlash, I document that immigration increased natives’ employment, spurred industrial production, and did not generate losses even among natives working in highly exposed sectors. These findings suggest that opposition to immigration was unlikely to have economic roots. Instead, I provide evidence that natives’ political discontent was increasing in the cultural differences between immigrants and natives. Results in this article indicate that, even when diversity is economically beneficial, it may nonetheless be socially hard to manage.
Journal Article
Being Together in Place
Being Together in Placeexplores the landscapes that convene Native and non-Native people into sustained and difficult negotiations over their radically different interests and concerns. Grounded in three sites-the Cheslatta-Carrier traditional territory in British Columbia; the Wakarusa Wetlands in northeastern Kansas; and the Waitangi Treaty Grounds in Aotearoa/New Zealand-this book highlights the challenging, tentative, and provisional work of coexistence around such contested spaces as wetlands, treaty grounds, fishing spots, recreation areas, cemeteries, heritage trails, and traditional village sites. At these sites, activists learn how to articulate and defend their intrinsic and life-supportive ways of being, particularly to those who are intent on damaging or destroying these places.
Using ethnographic research and a geographic perspective, Soren C. Larsen and Jay T. Johnson show how the communities in these regions challenge the power relations that structure the ongoing (post)colonial encounter in liberal democratic settler-states. Emerging from their conversations with activists was a distinctive sense that the places for which they cared had agency, a \"call\" that pulled them into dialogue, relationships, and action with human and nonhuman others. This being-together-in-place, they find, speaks in a powerful way to the vitalities of coexistence: where humans and nonhumans are working to decolonize their relationships; where reciprocal guardianship is being stitched back together in new and unanticipated ways; and where a new kind of \"place thinking\" is emerging on the borders of colonial power.
eBook
Nation-building through compulsory schooling during the age of mass migration
Why did America introduce compulsory schooling laws at a time when financial investments in education and voluntary school attendance were high? We provide qualitative and quantitative evidence that states adopted compulsory schooling laws as a nation-building tool to instil civic values to the culturally diverse migrants during the 'Age of Mass Migration' between 1850 and 1914. We show the adoption of compulsory schooling laws occurred significantly earlier in states that hosted European migrants with lower exposure to civic values in their home countries. Using cross-county data, we show that these migrants had significantly lower demand for American schooling pre-compulsion.
Journal Article
Sustainability and Resilience at the Grassroots Level: A Multinational, Multicultural, Multigenerational Oral History
The concept of sustainability has evolved far beyond its initial environmental foundations, expanding into a multidimensional framework that integrates multinational policies, multicultural values, and multigenerational knowledge, but there is a paucity of bottom-up or grassroots research. This paper is a case history comprising oral history supported by rigorous documentation including military records, census data, genealogical records, and scholarship extending over four centuries. A more nuanced understanding of resilience and adaptation emerges. An analysis of recent scholarship indicates that sus-tainability is a dynamic, narrative-driven process that requires an in-depth understanding of the spatial and temporal consequences of global shifts, ranging from climate catastrophes to the global flows of capital and large migrations of people. This paper uses oral history to show the adaptation of a multinational, multicultural, multigenerational family in North America to the social, political, economic, and technological challenges faced over 400 years with a focus on sustainability and resilience.
Journal Article
To Defend This Sunrise
To Defend this Sunrise examines how black women on the
Caribbean coast of Nicaragua engage in regional, national, and
transnational modes of activism to remap the nation's racial order
under conditions of increasing economic precarity and autocracy.
The book considers how, since the 19th century, black women
activists have resisted historical and contemporary patterns of
racialized state violence, economic exclusion, territorial
dispossession, and political repression. Specifically, it explores
how the new Sandinista state under Daniel Ortega and Rosario
Murillo has utilized multicultural rhetoric as a mode of political,
economic, and territorial dispossession. In the face of the
Sandinista state's co-optation of multicultural discourse and
growing authoritarianism, black communities have had to recalibrate
their activist strategies and modes of critique to resist these new
forms of \"multicultural dispossession.\" This concept describes the
ways that state actors and institutions drain multiculturalism of
its radical, transformative potential by espousing the rhetoric of
democratic recognition while simultaneously supporting illiberal
practices and policies that undermine black political demands and
weaken the legal frameworks that provide the basis for the claims
of these activists against the state.
eBook
Linking late Paleoindian stone tool technologies and populations in North, Central and South America
From the perspective of Central and South America, the peopling of the New World was a complex process lasting thousands of years and involving multiple waves of Pleistocene and early Holocene period immigrants entering into the neotropics. These Paleoindian colonists initially brought with them technologies developed for adaptation to environments and resources found in North America. As the ice age ended across the New World people adapted more generalized stone tools to exploit changing environments and resources. In the neotropics these changes would have been pronounced as patchy forests and grasslands gave way to broadleaf tropical forests. We document a late Pleistocene/early Holocene stone tool tradition from Belize, located in southern Mesoamerica. This represents the first endogenous Paleoindian stone tool technocomplex recovered from well dated stratigraphic contexts for Mesoamerica. Previously designated Lowe, these artifacts share multiple features with contemporary North and South American Paleoindian tool types. Once hafted, these bifaces appear to have served multiple functions for cutting, hooking, thrusting, or throwing. The tools were developed at a time of technological regionalization reflecting the diverse demands of a period of pronounced environmental change and population movement. Combined stratigraphic, technological, and population paleogenetic data suggests that there were strong ties between lowland neotropic regions at the onset of the Holocene.
Journal Article
The Eastern Archaic, historicized
The Eastern Archaic, Historicized offers an alternative perspective on the genesis and transformation of cultural diversity over eight millennia of hunter-gatherer dwelling in eastern North America. For many decades, archaeological understanding of Archaic diversity has been dominated by perspectives that emphasize localized relationships between humans and environment. The evidence, shows, however that Archaic people routinely associated with other groups throughout eastern North America and expressed themselves materially in ways that reveal historical links to other places and times. Starting with the colonization of eastern North America by two distinct ancestral lines, the Eastern Archaic was an era of migrations, ethnogenesis, and coalescence—an 8,200-year era of making histories through interactions and expressing them culturally in ritual and performance.
eBook
Faithful Bodies
In the seventeenth-century English Atlantic, religious beliefs and practices played a central role in creating racial identity. English Protestantism provided a vocabulary and structure to describe and maintain boundaries between insider and outsider. In this path-breaking study, Heather Miyano Kopelson peels back the layers of conflicting definitions of bodies and competing practices of faith in the puritan Atlantic, demonstrating how the categories of white, black, and Indian developed alongside religious boundaries between Christian and heathen and between Catholic and Protestant.Faithful Bodiesfocuses on three communities of Protestant dissent in the Atlantic World: Bermuda, Massachusetts, and Rhode Island. In this puritan Atlantic, religion determined insider and outsider status: at times Africans and Natives could belong as long as they embraced the Protestant faith, while Irish Catholics and English Quakers remained suspect. Colonists interactions with indigenous peoples of the Americas and with West Central Africans shaped their understandings of human difference and its acceptable boundaries. Prayer, religious instruction, sexual behavior, and other public and private acts became markers of whether or not blacks and Indians were sinning Christians or godless heathens. As slavery became law, transgressing people of color counted less and less as sinners in English puritans eyes, even as some of them made Christianity an integral part of their communities. As Kopelson shows, this transformation proceeded unevenly but inexorably during the long seventeenth century.
eBook