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Japanese Bosses, Chinese Workers
Examines the ways in of organising work, rank, compensation, and promotion inside a large Japanese company in Hong Kong, and its spiritual training, to reveal the socio-economic base of managerial control. A must for anthropologists and Japanologists.
eBook
Sino-American Relations
Sino-American Relations brings together high-quality research articles in order to examine one aspect of the political mechanism of modern China, from empire to the PRC: political initiatives to root out corruption. Proceeding chronologically, the eleven chapters explore modern political history through a particular focus on the anti-corruption campaigns of early modern and modern China. Our interdisciplinary analysis draws on methodologies from several distinct fields, including political science, civil law, and mass media. Such an analysis reveals the unique characteristics of China’s urbanization, which have transformed not only the country, but also the CCP – from a rural-based totalitarian party to a city-centered authoritarian party, and from a party of the people to a party of powerful interest groups by 2002–2016.
eBook
Japanese Bosses, Chinese Workers
Examines the ways in of organising work, rank, compensation, and promotion inside a large Japanese company in Hong Kong, and its spiritual training, to reveal the socio-economic base of managerial control. A must for anthropologists and Japanologists.
eBook
Beyond Western, Educated, Industrial, Rich, and Democratic (WEIRD) Psychology
In this article, we present a tool and a method for measuring the psychological and cultural distance between societies and creating a distance scale with any population as the point of comparison. Because psychological data are dominated by samples drawn from Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic (WEIRD) nations, and overwhelmingly, the United States, we focused on distance from the United States. We also present distance from China, the country with the largest population and second largest economy, which is a common cultural comparison. We applied the fixation index (FST
), a meaningful statistic in evolutionary theory, to the World Values Survey of cultural beliefs and behaviors. As the extreme WEIRDness of the literature begins to dissolve, our tool will become more useful for designing, planning, and justifying a wide range of comparative psychological projects. Our code and accompanying online application allow for comparisons between any two countries. Analyses of regional diversity reveal the relative homogeneity of the United States. Cultural distance predicts various psychological outcomes.
Journal Article
Coming to terms with the nation
China is a vast nation comprised of hundreds of distinct ethnic communities, each with its own language, history, and culture. Today the government of China recognizes just 56 ethnic nationalities, or minzu, as groups entitled to representation. This controversial new book recounts the history of the most sweeping attempt to sort and categorize the nation's enormous population: the 1954 Ethnic Classification project (minzu shibie). Thomas S. Mullaney draws on recently declassified material and extensive oral histories to describe how the communist government, in power less than a decade, launched this process in ethnically diverse Yunnan. Mullaney shows how the government drew on Republican-era scholarship for conceptual and methodological inspiration as it developed a strategy for identifying minzu and how non-Party-member Chinese ethnologists produced a \"scientific\" survey that would become the basis for a policy on nationalities.
eBook
Gut mucosal virome alterations in ulcerative colitis
ObjectiveThe pathogenesis of UC relates to gut microbiota dysbiosis. We postulate that alterations in the viral community populating the intestinal mucosa play an important role in UC pathogenesis. This study aims to characterise the mucosal virome and their functions in health and UC.DesignDeep metagenomics sequencing of virus-like particle preparations and bacterial 16S rRNA sequencing were performed on the rectal mucosa of 167 subjects from three different geographical regions in China (UC=91; healthy controls=76). Virome and bacteriome alterations in UC mucosa were assessed and correlated with patient metadata. We applied partition around medoids clustering algorithm and classified mucosa viral communities into two clusters, referred to as mucosal virome metacommunities 1 and 2.ResultsIn UC, there was an expansion of mucosa viruses, particularly Caudovirales bacteriophages, and a decrease in mucosa Caudovirales diversity, richness and evenness compared with healthy controls. Altered mucosal virome correlated with intestinal inflammation. Interindividual dissimilarity between mucosal viromes was higher in UC than controls. Escherichia phage and Enterobacteria phage were more abundant in the mucosa of UC than controls. Compared with metacommunity 1, metacommunity 2 was predominated by UC subjects and displayed a significant loss of various viral species. Patients with UC showed substantial abrogation of diverse viral functions, whereas multiple viral functions, particularly functions of bacteriophages associated with host bacteria fitness and pathogenicity, were markedly enriched in UC mucosa. Intensive transkingdom correlations between mucosa viruses and bacteria were significantly depleted in UC.ConclusionWe demonstrated for the first time that UC is characterised by substantial alterations of the mucosa virobiota with functional distortion. Enrichment of Caudovirales bacteriophages, increased phage/bacteria virulence functions and loss of viral-bacterial correlations in the UC mucosa highlight that mucosal virome may play an important role in UC pathogenesis.
Journal Article
Corporate Board and Corporate Social Responsibility Assurance: Evidence from China
This paper investigates the association between board characteristics and the company's corporate social responsibility (CSR) assurance decision in China. By examining 2054 firm-years of Chinese listed companies with CSR reports from 2008 to 2012, we find that firms with a large board size, more female directors, and separation of CEO and chairman positions are more likely to engage in CSR assurance. Gender diversity also influences the CSR assurance provider choice. However, board independence and overseas background of the CEO do not affect the CSR assurance decision. Inconsistent with our prediction, firms with foreign directors are less likely to engage in voluntary CSR assurance. In summary, this research provides in-depth insights into the determinants of Chinese firms' voluntary CSR assurance.
Journal Article
Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Traditional Villages in China
Traditional villages carry the essence of traditional culture, which is necessary for rural revitalisation. However, continuous urban expansion has resulted in the rapid decline and even disappearance of these villages in recent decades. It is necessary to analyse the spatial pattern and influencing factors for the protection and development of traditional villages. Previous studies focused on the value and theoretical protection mechanism of traditional villages in China, disregarding their spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors. Thus, we employed a Geographic Information System and spatial analysis with mathematical statistics to analyse the characteristics of these villages. Moreover, we analysed the associated influencing factors both qualitatively and quantitatively. The results show that traditional villages were mainly distributed in the southeast of the Hu Line in China, with an unbalanced spatial distribution pattern and an agglomeration distribution tendency. In general, four major agglomeration areas of traditional villages formed at the junction of Hebei, Shandong, and Henan provinces; the border between the Guizhou, Guangxi, and Hunan provinces; the border between the Anhui, Zhejiang, and Jiangxi provinces; and northwestern and southeastern Yunnan provinces. Traditional villages also existed in areas with relief lower than 300 m, altitudes of less than 1000 m, and slopes of less than 10°. They were mostly distributed in subtropical and temperate zones. A positive correlation was found between traditional villages and the level of economic development, population, and human history; conversely, the transportation network was negatively correlated. This study reveals the complex and diverse characteristics of traditional villages and provides scientific suggestions for their future protection, development, and utilisation.
Journal Article