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"Multiculturalism Sweden."
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PC Worlds
This provocative work offers an anthropological analysis of the
phenomenon of political correctness, both as a general phenomenon
of communication, in which associations in space and time take
precedence over the content of what is communicated, and at
specific critical historical conjunctures at which new elites
attempt to redefine social reality. Focusing on the crises over the
last thirty years of immigration and multiculturalist politics in
Sweden, the book examines cases, some in which the author was
himself involved, but also comparative material from other
countries.
eBook
Ethnic Composition and Friendship Segregation
Ethnically diverse settings provide opportunities for interethnic friendship but can also increase the preference for same-ethnic friendship. Therefore, same-ethnic friendship preferences, or ethnic homophily, can work at cross-purposes with policy recommendations to diversify ethnic representation in social settings. In order to effectively overcome ethnic segregation, we need to identify those factors within diverse settings that exacerbate the tendency toward ethnic homophily. Using unique data and multiple network analyses, the authors examine 529 adolescent friendship networks in English, German, Dutch, and Swedish schools and find that the ethnic composition of school classes relates differently to immigrant and native homophily. Immigrant homophily disproportionately increases as immigrants see more same-ethnic peers, and friendship density among natives has no effect on this. By contrast, native homophily remains relatively low until natives see dense groups of immigrants. The authors’ results suggest that theories of interethnic competition and contact opportunities apply differently to ethnic majority and minority groups.
Journal Article
Mapping bundles of ecosystem services reveals distinct types of multifunctionality within a Swedish landscape
Ecosystem services (ES) is a valuable concept to be used in the planning and management of social–ecological landscapes. However, the understanding of the determinant factors affecting the interaction between services in the form of synergies or trade-offs is still limited. We assessed the production of 16 ES across 62 municipalities in the Norrström drainage basin in Sweden. We combined GIS data with publically available information for quantifying and mapping the distribution of services. Additionally, we calculated the diversity of ES for each municipality and used correlations and k-means clustering analyses to assess the existence of ES bundles. We found five distinct types of bundles of ES spatially agglomerated in the landscape that could be explained by regional social and ecological gradients. Human-dominated landscapes were highly multifunctional in our study area and urban densely populated areas were hotspots of cultural services.
Journal Article
Ethnic Diversity and Preferences for Redistribution
This paper investigates the causal link between the ethnic diversity in a society and its inhabitants’ preferences for redistribution. We exploit exogenous variation in immigrant shares stemming from a nationwide program placing refugees in municipalities throughout Sweden during 1985–94 and match data on refugee placement to panel survey data on inhabitants of the receiving municipalities. We find significant, negative effects of increased immigration on the support for redistribution. The effect is especially pronounced among high-income earners. We also establish that estimates from earlier studies failing to identify causal effects are likely to be positively biased (i.e., less negative).
Journal Article
The meaning of culture in nursing at the end of life – an interview study with nurses in specialized palliative care
Background
The countries of the world are becoming increasingly multicultural and diverse, both as a result of growing migration, of people fleeing countries at war but also due to increased mobility related to labour immigration. Culture is a broad concept where the definitions focus on learned and shared values, traditions, and beliefs of a group of individuals. People’s culture affects health and perceptions of illness as well as treatment, symptoms, and care. Moreover, people who are at the end of life, live and exist within all levels and contexts of care. Specialized palliative care requires that the nurse has sufficient knowledge and skills to be responsible for meeting the patient’s nursing needs also on a cultural level, regardless of cultural affiliation. The aim of the study was to highlight nurses’ experiences of the meaning of culture when caring for patients at the end of life in specialized palliative care.
Methods
The study was conducted with a qualitative design and inductive approach. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with twelve nurses in western Sweden. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis.
Results
The nurses had an awareness of culture as a phenomenon and how it affected palliative care at the end of life. The results showed two categories,
Awareness of the impact of culture on nursing
and
Culture’s impact and influence on the nurse’s mindset and approach
, consisting of seven subcategories that highlight the nurse’s experience. It emerged that there are differences between cultures regarding notions of dying and death, who should be informed, and treatments. There were also challenges and emotions that arose when cultural preferences differed among everyone involved. A person-centred approach allowed for recognition of the dying person’s culture, to meet diverse cultural needs and wishes.
Conclusion
Providing culturally competent care is a major challenge. There are often no routines or methods prescribed for how nurses should relate to and handle the diversity of cultural notions that may differ from the values and cornerstones of palliative care. Having a person-centred approach as strategy can help to better manage the situation and provide equitable care on terms that respect cultural diversity.
Journal Article
Beyond the Ethnic-Civic Dichotomy: Cultural Citizenship as a New Way of Excluding Immigrants
In European Union (EU) countries, public debates about immigrants and citizenship are increasingly framed in cultural terms. Yet, there is no agreement within the citizenship literature on whether a cultural citizenship representation can be distinguished from the more established ethnic and civic representations and on how its measures relate to anti-immigrant attitudes. The present study tested measures of citizenship representations among high school students (N = 1476) in six EU countries (Belgium, France, Germany, Hungary, the Netherlands, and Sweden). Factor analyses favored a three-factor model of citizenship representations (i.e., ethnic, cultural, and civic factors), which showed partial metric invariance. Across countries, ethnic and cultural scales correlated positively with each other and negatively with the civic scale. Moreover, ethnic and cultural scales related positively and the civic scale negatively to anti-immigrant attitudes. However, when analyzed simultaneously, relations of the ethnic scale with anti-immigrant attitudes were no longer significant, while those of the cultural and civic scales proved to be robust. Implications of these findings are discussed.
Journal Article
Nationwide incidence of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in higher-level athletes in Sweden: a cohort study from the Swedish National Knee Ligament Registry linked to six sports organisations
ObjectiveTo determine and compare the incidence rate (IR) of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL-R) among higher-level athletes across six sports in the Swedish National Knee Ligament Registry (SNKLR).MethodsPatient data from the SNKLR, between 2005 and 2020, was linked to team and event data of six sports (football, handball, basketball, ice hockey, floorball and alpine sports) to identify higher-level athletes aged 15–40 with ACL-R. Unadjusted and adjusted IR ratios (IRRs) with 99% CIs were calculated between sports, sex, age and divisions.ResultsFemale athletes had a 3.3 times higher ACL-R IR compared with males (1.08 vs 0.32, IRR=3.33, 99% CI: 2.65 to 4.19) per 1000 athlete exposures (AE). Basketball had the largest difference in ACL-R IR per 1000 AE between females and males (1.26 vs 0.22, IRR=5.69, 99% CI: 2.79 to 11.60). Female second-division athletes had higher ACL-R IR per 1000 AE compared with female highest-division athletes (1.27 vs 0.76, IRR=1.67, 99% CI: 1.30 to 2.15). No significant association between age and IR was observed. Compared with football, lower ACL-R IR was observed in floorball and ice hockey in females, as well as in floorball, basketball and ice hockey in males.ConclusionFemale athletes had higher ACL-R IRs than males and second-division female athletes had higher ACL-R IRs than highest-division female athletes. Lower ACL-R IRs were observed in floorball and ice hockey compared with football for both sexes. The remaining sports had ACL-R IRs similar to football, except basketball where rates were lower for male athletes.
Journal Article
The unbearable lightness of being Swedish? On the ideological thinness of a liberal citizenship regime
The objective of this article is twofold. Firstly, I seek to improve understanding of Swedish citizenship by highlighting the particular traits of an open yet largely instrumental (non-sentimental) membership policy, which existing theories have not been able to fully account for. I argue that the liberal openness of Swedish citizenship should be attributed not only to a liberal ideology of pluralism and equality, but to a fairly administrative, sterile and pragmatic conception of citizenship that is largely dissociated from existing conceptions of nationhood, integration and societal membership. Secondly, and related to the first, I take issue with the widespread yet implicit theoretical notion of citizenship being defined by shared conceptions of the national demos. I argue that this connection varies and that it is significantly closer and stronger in some cases than in others, regardless of its lenience towards an ethnic or civic, monist or pluralist conception of the nation. While newer, post-national theories of citizenship offer valuable insights into the reshaping of citizenship, they systematically underestimate and, consequently, fail to account for the enduring differences between and idiosyncrasies of national citizenship regimes. To better capture this neglected dimension of the citizenship–nationhood nexus, I propose a distinction between ideologically thin and thick citizenship, with Sweden serving as an example of the first.
Journal Article
On the Narrative Construction of Multinational Corporations: An Antenarrative Analysis of Legitimation and Resistance in a Cross-Border Merger
Although extant research has highlighted the role of discourse in the cultural construction of organizations, there is a need to elucidate the use of narratives as central discursive resources in unfolding organizational change. Hence, the objective of this article is to develop a new kind of antenarrative approach for the cultural analysis of organizational change. We use merging multinational corporations (MNCs) as a case in point. Our empirical analysis focuses on a revelatory case: the financial services group Nordea, which was built by combining Swedish, Finnish, Danish, and Norwegian corporations. We distinguish three types of antenarrative that provided alternatives for making sense of the merger: globalist, nationalist, and regionalist (Nordic) antenarratives. We focus on how these antenarratives were mobilized in intentional organizational storytelling to legitimate or resist change: globalist storytelling as a means to legitimate the merger and to create MNC identity, nationalist storytelling to relegitimate national identities and interests, Nordic storytelling to create regional identity, and the critical use of the globalist storytelling to challenge the Nordic identity. We conclude that organizational storytelling is characterized by polyphonic, stylistic, chronotopic, and architectonic dialogisms and by a dynamic between centering and decentering forces. This paper contributes to discourse-cultural studies of organizations by explaining how narrative constructions of identities and interests are used to legitimate or resist change. Furthermore, this analysis elucidates the dialogical dynamics of organizational storytelling and thereby opens up new avenues for the cultural analysis of organizations.
Journal Article