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Composition, creative writing studies, and the digital humanities
\"In an era of blurred generic boundaries, multimedia storytelling, and open-source culture, creative writing scholars stand poised to consider the role that technology-and the creative writer's playful engagement with technology-has occupied in the evolution of its theory and practice. Composition, Creative Writing Studies and the Digital Humanities is the first book to bring these three fields together to open up new opportunities and directions for creative writing studies. Placing the rise of Creative Writing Studies alongside the rise of the digital humanities in Composition/Rhetoric, Adam Koehler shows that the use of new media and its attendant re-evaluation of fundamental assumptions in the field stands to guide Creative Writing Studies into a new era. Covering current developments in composition and the digital humanities, this book re-examines established assumptions about process, genre, authority/authorship and pedagogical practice in the creative writing classroom.\" -- Back cover.
Book
Advancing multidisciplinary research on abortion and unintended pregnancy in Nigeria
Unintended pregnancy and abortion remain central yet persistently under-examined dimensions of sexual and reproductive health in Nigeria, shaped by intersecting socio-economic inequalities, restrictive legal and policy environments, health system constraints, and deeply rooted sociocultural norms1-3 Existing national and sub-national evidence demonstrates that limited access to contraception, uneven sexuality education, and inequities in service delivery continue to expose women and girls to unintended pregnancies and unsafe abortion, with disproportionate consequences for adolescents, young women, and those in socioeconomically marginalised settings.4,5 However, beyond estimates of incidence and method use, critical gaps remain in understanding the social processes, decision-making pathways, institutional responses, and lived experiences that shape abortion trajectories across diverse Nigerian contexts. As Nigeria continues to contend with high levels of unintended pregnancy and the public health burden of unsafe abortion, there is an urgent need for evidence that interrogates not only what happens, but how and why reproductive outcomes are produced within specific social, cultural, and health-system environments.
Journal Article
Advancing biocomplexity in multidisciplinary research
This special issue is dedicated to showcasing pioneering research that bridges multiple disciplines, fostering a holistic understanding of biocomplexity. This presents four important contributions that provide characterization, modeling, and design of methods focused on cardiovascular biocomplexity and dynamics; cognitive and neurological insights; computational and analytical tools in biophysics; and innovations in medical technology. By highlighting these interconnected domains, we underscore their collective potential to transform healthcare and scientific discovery.
Journal Article
Biofilm dynamics and production in a tropical intertidal mudflat in French Guiana
Abstract The roles and functioning of the highly dynamic, changing and disturbed tropical intertidal mudflats of the north-eastern coast of South America located between the Amazon River and the delta of the Orinoco River, despite being considered the muddiest in the world, have been little investigated. Here we present a multidisciplinary study conducted in French Guiana during three consecutive days in November 2016 at the end of the dry season, aimed at describing the composition, primary production and photoregulation processes of a tropical mudflat microphytobenthic biofilm in relation to the sediment characteristics of this pristine environment. We selected three stations characterized by a marked compaction gradient due to mudflat topographic elevation and tidal cycles. The results showed that microphytobenthos are well adapted to extreme physical conditions with respect to light intensities. Indeed, the biomass of primary producers, as well as the rates of primary production, reached high levels, which could be higher than those measured in temperate intertidal mudflats. The thick biofilm of microphytobenthos that appeared on the sediment surface was dominated by common epipelic diatoms, endowed with photoregulatory capabilities, such as downward migration and efficient xanthophyll cycle, which was demonstrated for the first time for such an environment in this study via the de-epoxidation of diadinoxanthin to diatoxanthin. With a typical microbial mat/mudflat composition, prokaryotes also contributed together with diatoms to the essential biological function of the biofilm in mud consolidation, especially with the excretion of extracellular polymeric substances. Although these results are somewhat bitty for establishing general rules, they suggest that the surficial biofilm plays a key role in the functioning, consolidation and dynamics of tropical intertidal mudflats in French Guiana.
Journal Article
Mesophotic coral bleaching associated with changes in thermocline depth
As global temperatures continue to rise, shallow coral reef bleaching has become more intense and widespread. Mesophotic coral ecosystems reside in deeper (30–150 m), cooler water and were thought to offer a refuge to shallow-water reefs. Studies now show that mesophotic coral ecosystems instead have limited connectivity with shallow corals but host diverse endemic communities. Given their extensive distribution and high biodiversity, understanding their susceptibility to warming oceans is imperative. In this multidisciplinary study of an atoll in the Chagos Archipelago in the central Indian Ocean, we show evidence of coral bleaching at 90 m, despite the absence of shallow-water bleaching. We also show that the bleaching was associated with sustained thermocline deepening driven by the Indian Ocean Dipole, which might be further enhanced by internal waves whose influence varied at a sub-atoll scale. Our results demonstrate the potential vulnerability of mesophotic coral ecosystems to thermal stress and highlight the need for oceanographic knowledge to predict bleaching susceptibility and heterogeneity.
Rising global temperatures cause widespread bleaching of shallow coral reefs but mesophotic reefs at depths over 30 metres are thought to be sheltered by cooler waters. Here, at sites in the Chagos Archipelago, the authors show bleaching of corals at depths of 90 metres, which might be due to warm surface waters being pushed deeper by the ocean’s response to the Indian Ocean Dipole.
Journal Article
Comprehensive walkability assessment of urban pedestrian environments using big data and deep learning techniques
Assessing street walkability is a critical agenda in urban planning and multidisciplinary research, as it facilitates public health, community cohesion, and urban sustainability. Existing evaluation systems primarily focus on objective measurements, often neglecting subjective assessments and the diverse walking needs influenced by different urban spatial elements. This study addresses these gaps by constructing a comprehensive evaluation framework that integrates both subjective and objective dimensions, combining three neighbourhood indicators: Macro-Scale Index, Micro-Scale Index, and Street Walking Preferences Index. A normalization weighting method synthesizes these indicators into a comprehensive index. We applied this framework to assess the street environment within Beijing’s Fifth Ring Road. The empirical results demonstrate that: (1) The framework reliably reflects the distribution of walkability. (2) The three indicators show both similarities and differences, underscoring the need to consider the distinct roles of community and street-level elements and the interaction between subjective and objective dimensions. (3) In high-density cities with ring-road development patterns, the Macro-Scale Index closely aligns with the Comprehensive Index, demonstrating its accuracy in reflecting walkability. The proposed framework and findings offer new insights for street walkability research and theoretical support for developing more inclusive, sustainable and walkable cities.
Journal Article
Building brain-inspired computing
Dmitri Strukov (an electrical engineer, University of California at Santa Barbara), Giacomo Indiveri (an electrical engineer, University of Zurich), Julie Grollier (a material physicist, Unite Mixte de Physique CNRS) and Stefano Fusi (a neuroscientist, Columbia University) talked to
Nature Communications
about the opportunities and challenges in developing brain-inspired computing technologies, namely neuromorphic computing, and advocated effective collaborations crossing multidisciplinary research areas to support this emerging community.
Journal Article
Toward understanding the impact of artificial intelligence on labor
Rapid advances in artificial intelligence (AI) and automation technologies have the potential to significantly disrupt labor markets.While AI and automation can augment the productivity of some workers, they can replace the work done by others and will likely transform almost all occupations at least to some degree. Rising automation is happening in a period of growing economic inequality, raising fears of mass technological unemployment and a renewed call for policy efforts to address the consequences of technological change. In this paper we discuss the barriers that inhibit scientists frommeasuring the effects of AI and automation on the future of work. These barriers include the lack of high-quality data about the nature of work (e.g., the dynamic requirements of occupations), lack of empirically informed models of key microlevel processes (e.g., skill substitution and human–machine complementarity), and insufficient understanding of how cognitive technologies interact with broader economic dynamics and institutional mechanisms (e.g., urban migration and international trade policy). Overcoming these barriers requires improvements in the longitudinal and spatial resolution of data, as well as refinements to data on workplace skills. These improvements will enable multidisciplinary research to quantitatively monitor and predict the complex evolution of work in tandem with technological progress. Finally, given the fundamental uncertainty in predicting technological change, we recommend developing a decision framework that focuses on resilience to unexpected scenarios in addition to general equilibrium behavior.
Journal Article
Volcanic activity and hazard in the East African Rift Zone
Over the past two decades, multidisciplinary studies have unearthed a rich history of volcanic activity and unrest in the densely-populated East African Rift System, providing new insights into the influence of rift dynamics on magmatism, the characteristics of the volcanic plumbing systems and the foundation for hazard assessments. The raised awareness of volcanic hazards is driving a shift from crisis response to reducing disaster risks, but a lack of institutional and human capacity in sub-Saharan Africa means baseline data are sparse and mitigating geohazards remains challenging.
New observations of volcanic and magmatic activity in Africa are changing our views of continental rifting and raising awareness of the associated hazards. However, despite a shift from crisis response to reducing disaster risks, limited capacity means mitigating geohazards remains challenging.
Journal Article
π-HuB: the proteomic navigator of the human body
The human body contains trillions of cells, classified into specific cell types, with diverse morphologies and functions. In addition, cells of the same type can assume different states within an individual’s body during their lifetime. Understanding the complexities of the proteome in the context of a human organism and its many potential states is a necessary requirement to understanding human biology, but these complexities can neither be predicted from the genome, nor have they been systematically measurable with available technologies. Recent advances in proteomic technology and computational sciences now provide opportunities to investigate the intricate biology of the human body at unprecedented resolution and scale. Here we introduce a big-science endeavour called π-HuB (proteomic navigator of the human body). The aim of the π-HuB project is to (1) generate and harness multimodality proteomic datasets to enhance our understanding of human biology; (2) facilitate disease risk assessment and diagnosis; (3) uncover new drug targets; (4) optimize appropriate therapeutic strategies; and (5) enable intelligent healthcare, thereby ushering in a new era of proteomics-driven phronesis medicine. This ambitious mission will be implemented by an international collaborative force of multidisciplinary research teams worldwide across academic, industrial and government sectors.
We introduce a major scientific endeavour called π-HuB (proteomic navigator of the human body), its aim being to generate and harness multimodality proteomic datasets to enhance our understanding of human biology.
Journal Article