Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
41
result(s) for
"Museums Climatic factors."
Sort by:
Environmental management for collections : alternative conservation strategies for hot and humid climates
\"A practical guide to the conservation of museum and other cultural heritage collections in hot and humid climates\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
Klimaatwerk
Collectiebeherend Nederland ging altijd uit van strikte klimaatnormen. Deze werden gebruikt als ontwerpeisen en instelwaarden voor installaties en vervolgens deed de techniek de rest. Plaatsing van installaties bracht soms grote ingrepen in het gebouw met zich mee, evenals ruimteverlies en steeds hogere exploitatiekosten. Het vertrouwen op de techniek groeide en het gevoel heerste dat alle risico’s waren uitgesloten. Maar uit de praktijk blijkt niets minder waar.
eBook
Cryptic phylogeographic history sheds light on the generation of species diversity in sky-island mountains
Aim The aim of this study was to conduct comprehensive phylogeographic and demographic analyses to examine the degree to which topographic and climatic conditions have affected the patterns of diversification and migration in a strictly montane inhabitant, the montane long‐tailed mole (Scaptonyx fusicaudus). Location The mountains of south‐western China and adjacent mountains including Mts. Bashan, Dalou and Qinling also known as the sky islands in south‐western China. Taxon The long‐tailed mole (S. fusicaudus), a semi‐fossorial mammal distributed in the sky islands of south‐western China, is a relict species and the sole representative of the tribe Scaptonychini. Methods We sequenced one mitochondrial and six nuclear genes from 113 samples across the species’ range. We estimated phylogenetic relationships and divergence times, conducted genetic structuring and species delimitation using multiple approaches and used Approximate Bayesian Computation to test potential gene flow. We conducted ecological niche modelling to predict the species’ potential distribution in the present, the last glacial maximum and the last interglacial (LIG). Results The species comprises a minimum of 17 operational taxonomic units which are isolated in different mountain ranges. The lowlands and large rivers act as barriers to dispersal, and have isolated evolutionary lineages for up to 11 million years. Long‐distance dispersal is evident among a few discrete montane archipelagos. Suitable climatic conditions during the LIG are limited to only a few sites, thus geographically restricting climatic stable areas across geological periods (from the LIG to the present). Main conclusions For low‐vagility species, the complex topography of the sky islands has promoted exceptional diversification through a combination of eco‐environmental stability as well as geographic fragmentation. The mountains have acted as a buffer against climate change, and have provided continuously suitable habitats for S. fusicaudus since the early Late Miocene, supporting the hypothesis that the sky islands constitute “museums” of ancient lineages. Lowlands and river valleys have acted as barriers preventing gene flow, while the montane archipelagos could have provided stepping stones to facilitate dispersal.
Journal Article
Herbarium records are reliable sources of phenological change driven by climate and provide novel insights into species' phenological cueing mechanisms
PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Climate change has resulted in major changes in the phenology of some species but not others. Long-term field observational records provide the best assessment of these changes, but geographic and taxonomie biases limit their utility. Plant specimens in herbaria have been hypothesized to provide a wealth of additional data for studying phenological responses to climatic change. However, no study to our knowledge has comprehensively addressed whether herbarium data are accurate measures of phenological response and thus applicable to addressing such questions. METHODS: We compared flowering phenology determined from field observations (years 1852-1858,1875,1878-1908,2003-2006,2011 -2013) and herbarium records (1852-2013) of 20 species from New England, United States. KEY RESULTS: Earliest flowering date estimated from herbarium records faithfully reflected field observations of first flowering date and substantially increased the sampling range across climatic conditions. Additionally, although most species demonstrated a response to interannual temperature variation, long-term temporal changes in phenological response were not detectable. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support the use of herbarium records for understanding plant phenological responses to changes in temperature, and also importantly establish a new use of herbarium collections: inferring primary phenological cueing mechanisms of individual species (e.g., temperature, winter chilling, photoperiod). These latter data are lacking from most investigations of phenological change, but are vital for understanding differential responses of individual species to ongoing climate change.
Journal Article
Extralimital terrestrials: A reassessment of range limits in Alaska’s land mammals
Understanding and mitigating the effects of anthropogenic climate change on species distributions requires the ability to track range shifts over time. This is particularly true for species occupying high-latitude regions, which are experiencing more extreme climate change than the rest of the world. In North America, the geographic ranges of many mammals reach their northernmost extent in Alaska, positioning this region at the leading edge of climate-induced distribution change. Over a decade has elapsed since the publication of the last spatial assessments of terrestrial mammals in the state. We compared public occurrence records against commonly referenced range maps to evaluate potential extralimital records and develop repeatable baseline range maps. We compared occurrence records from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility for 61 terrestrial mammal species native to mainland Alaska against a variety of range estimates (International Union for Conservation of Nature, Alaska Gap Analysis Project, and the published literature). We mapped extralimital records and calculated proportions of occurrences encompassed by range extents, measured mean direction and distance to prior range margins, evaluated predictive accuracy of published species models, and highlighted observations on federal lands in Alaska. Range comparisons identified 6,848 extralimital records for 39 of 61 (63.9%) terrestrial mainland Alaskan species. On average, 95.5% of Alaska Gap Analysis Project occurrence records and ranges were deemed accurate (i.e., > 90.0% correct) for 31 of 37 species, but overestimated extents for 13 species. The International Union for Conservation of Nature range maps encompassed 68.1% of occurrence records and were > 90% accurate for 17 of 39 species. Extralimital records represent either improved sampling and digitization or actual geographic range expansions. Here we provide new data-driven range maps, update standards for the archiving of museum-quality locational records and offer recommendations for mapping range changes for monitoring and conservation.
Journal Article
C₃ plant carbon isotope discrimination does not respond to CO₂ concentration on decadal to centennial timescales
• Plant carbon isotope discrimination is complex, and could be driven by climate, evolution and/or edaphic factors. We tested the climate drivers of carbon isotope discrimination in modern and historical plant chemistry, and focus in particular on the relationship between rising [CO₂] over Industrialization and carbon isotope discrimination.
• We generated temporal records of plant carbon isotopes from museum specimens collected over a climo-sequence to test plant responses to climate and atmospheric change over the past 200 yr (including Pinus strobus, Platycladus orientalis, Populus tremuloides, Thuja koraiensis, Thuja occidentalis, Thuja plicata, Thuja standishii and Thuja sutchuenensis). We aggregated our results with a meta-analysis of a wide range of C₃ plants to make a comprehensive study of the distribution of carbon isotope discrimination and values among different plant types.
• We show that climate variables (e.g. mean annual precipitation, temperature and, key to this study, CO₂ in the atmosphere) do not drive carbon isotope discrimination.
• Plant isotope discrimination is intrinsic to each taxon, and could link phylogenetic relationships and adaptation to climate quantitatively and over ecological to geological time scales.
Journal Article
Global Future Distributions of Mangrove Crabs in Response to Climate Change
Mangroves are an ideal habitat for a variety of marine species, especially brachyuran crabs. Using MaxEnt modelling technique, we projected the potential global distributions of six families of mangrove crabs including Camptandriidae, Dotillidae, Macrophthalmidae, Ocypodidae, Sesarmidae, and Oziidae; as well as 23 representative species of those families. Our results showed that depth and sea surface temperature (SST) are the most important drivers of distribution of mangrove crabs. The most potential suitable environments for all 23 species were located along the coastal areas with depths of less than 17 m, mean SST 14–30 °C, salinity 10–44 PSS (Pactical Salinity Scale), current velocity of 0.001–1.38 m
−1
in present models. In projected models, depth less 29 m, SST between 15 and 31 °C, salinity between 19 and 41 PSS, and current velocity between 0.02–1.33 m
−1
were the most potential suitable habitat conditions for the mangrove crabs. Future models showed that distribution of most species will be shifted towards higher latitudes. The contraction of latitudinal distribution ranges in 52% of mangrove crabs of six families were observed following future environmental changes. However, a number of species (48%) showed range expansions as a response to global warming. The results showed that in general, the high suitable environments would shrink until 2100 for mangrove crabs in response to global warming. The outputs of MaxEnt model presented the vulnerability of mangrove crabs to future climatic condition changes. As a result, our finding implies a need to understand the consequences of climate change on distribution and diversity of mangrove crabs to adopt ecological function and to impelement accurate mangrove conservation programs.
Journal Article
Cenozoic Planktonic Marine Diatom Diversity and Correlation to Climate Change
Marine planktonic diatoms export carbon to the deep ocean, playing a key role in the global carbon cycle. Although commonly thought to have diversified over the Cenozoic as global oceans cooled, only two conflicting quantitative reconstructions exist, both from the Neptune deep-sea microfossil occurrences database. Total diversity shows Cenozoic increase but is sample size biased; conventional subsampling shows little net change. We calculate diversity from a separately compiled new diatom species range catalog, and recalculate Neptune subsampled-in-bin diversity using new methods to correct for increasing Cenozoic geographic endemism and decreasing Cenozoic evenness. We find coherent, substantial Cenozoic diversification in both datasets. Many living cold water species, including species important for export productivity, originate only in the latest Miocene or younger. We make a first quantitative comparison of diatom diversity to the global Cenozoic benthic ∂(18)O (climate) and carbon cycle records (∂(13)C, and 20-0 Ma pCO2). Warmer climates are strongly correlated with lower diatom diversity (raw: rho = .92, p<.001; detrended, r = .6, p = .01). Diatoms were 20% less diverse in the early late Miocene, when temperatures and pCO2 were only moderately higher than today. Diversity is strongly correlated to both ∂(13)C and pCO2 over the last 15 my (for both: r>.9, detrended r>.6, all p<.001), but only weakly over the earlier Cenozoic, suggesting increasingly strong linkage of diatom and climate evolution in the Neogene. Our results suggest that many living marine planktonic diatom species may be at risk of extinction in future warm oceans, with an unknown but potentially substantial negative impact on the ocean biologic pump and oceanic carbon sequestration. We cannot however extrapolate our my-scale correlations with generic climate proxies to anthropogenic time-scales of warming without additional species-specific information on proximate ecologic controls.
Journal Article
Habitat degradation increases functional originality in highly diverse coral reef fish assemblages
As anthropogenic and natural disturbances intensify, there is mounting concern about the loss of functionally important or unique species. Functional redundancy, or the presence of several different species occupying similar functional niches, can provide insurance against diversity loss, but evidence for this effect is rare. Likewise, the ways in which functional redundancy patterns respond to disturbances are poorly known, impeding a thorough understanding of community‐level dynamics post disturbance. Here, we use an extensive reduction of hard coral cover following a tropical cyclone to explore the response of a highly diverse reef fish assemblage to habitat degradation. We demonstrate that despite clear trait value‐specific susceptibility of fishes to the disturbance, five of six functional indices (including functional richness and evenness) showed no relationship with habitat degradation. In contrast, functional originality, which quantifies the average functional uniqueness of species within an assemblage, increased post disturbance, exhibiting a negative, albeit weak, relationship with decreasing coral cover. The increase in functional originality is simultaneously driven by the loss of functionally similar species in susceptible groups (predominantly small planktivorous and omnivorous species that associate with live coral habitat) and the addition of functionally unique species in groups that benefit from the disturbance (large, non‐territorial species feeding on algal turfs, detritus, and invertebrates). Our findings suggest that coral reefs with high coral cover can foster fish assemblages with low functional originality (i.e., high functional redundancy), therefore preventing detectible changes in some of the most commonly applied functional indices post disturbance. However, we caution that the limited resolution of trait‐based approaches may mask the loss of functionally unique species and that, with an increase in functional originality, post disturbance assemblages may be less suited to adequately maintain certain ecosystem functions in the face of future disturbances. Thus, there is an urgent need for further exploration of the dynamics between disturbances, functional redundancy, and ecosystem functioning.
Journal Article
Poleward Expansion of the White-Footed Mouse (Peromyscus leucopus) under Climate Change: Implications for the Spread of Lyme Disease
The white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus) is an important reservoir host for Borrelia burgdorferi, the pathogen responsible for Lyme disease, and its distribution is expanding northward. We used an Ecological Niche Factor Analysis to identify the climatic factors associated with the distribution shift of the white-footed mouse over the last 30 years at the northern edge of its range, and modeled its current and potential future (2050) distributions using the platform BIOMOD. A mild and shorter winter is favouring the northern expansion of the white-footed mouse in Québec. With more favorable winter conditions projected by 2050, the distribution range of the white-footed mouse is expected to expand further northward by 3° latitude. We also show that today in southern Québec, the occurrence of B. burgdorferi is associated with high probability of presence of the white-footed mouse. Changes in the distribution of the white-footed mouse will likely alter the geographical range of B. burgdorferi and impact the public health in northern regions that have yet to be exposed to Lyme disease.
Journal Article