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"Museums Morocco"
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Imagined Museums
Imagined Museums examines the intertwined politics surrounding art and modernization in Morocco from 1912 to the present. In this first cultural history of modern Moroccan art and its museums, Katarzyna Pieprzak goes beyond the investigation of national institutions to treat the history and evolution of multiple museums as cultural architectures that both enshrine the past and look to the future.
eBook
Re-evaluation of the Bahariya Formation carcharodontosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) and its implications for allosauroid phylogeny
The first partial skeleton of a carcharodontosaurid theropod was described from the Egyptian Bahariya Oasis by Ernst Stromer in 1931. Stromer referred the specimen to the species Megalosaurus saharicus , originally described on the basis of isolated teeth from slightly older rocks in Algeria, under the new genus name Carcharodontosaurus saharicus . Unfortunately, almost all of the material from the Bahariya Oasis, including the specimen of Carcharodontosaurus was destroyed during World War II. In 1996, a relatively complete carcharodontosaurid cranium was described from similar aged rocks in Morocco and designated the neotype of the species Carcharodontosaurus saharicus in 2007. However, due to the destruction of the original material, comparisons of the neotype to the Egyptian fossils have so far only been done cursorily. A detailed reexamination of the available information on the Egyptian carcharodontosaurid, including a previously undescribed photograph of the exhibited specimen, reveals that it differs from the Moroccan neotype in numerous characters, such as the development of the emargination of the antorbital fossa on the nasals, the presence of a horn-like rugosity on the nasal, the lack of a dorsoventral expansion of the lacrimal contact on the frontals, and the relative enlargement of the cerebrum. The referability of the Egyptian specimen to the Algerian M . saharicus is found to be questionable, and the neotype designation of the Moroccan material for C . saharicus is accepted here under consideration of ICZN Atricle 75, as it both compares more favorably to M . saharicus and originates from a locality closer to the type locality. A new genus and species, Tameryraptor markgrafi gen. et sp. nov, is proposed for the Egyptian taxon. The theropods of the Bahariya Oasis and the Moroccan Kem Kem Group are thus not as closely related as previously thought, and the proposed faunal similarities between these two strata need further examination.
Journal Article
Catalogue of the Diptera (Insecta) of Morocco— an annotated checklist, with distributions and a bibliography
The faunistic knowledge of the Diptera of Morocco recorded from 1787 to 2021 is summarized and updated in this first catalogue of Moroccan Diptera species. A total of 3057 species, classified into 948 genera and 93 families (21 Nematocera and 72 Brachycera), are listed. Taxa (superfamily, family, genus and species) have been updated according to current interpretations, based on reviews in the literature, the expertise of authors and contributors, and recently conducted fieldwork. Data to compile this catalogue were primarily gathered from the literature. In total, 1225 references were consulted and some information was also obtained from online databases. Each family was reviewed and the checklist updated by the respective taxon expert(s), including the number of species that can be expected for that family in Morocco. For each valid species, synonyms known to have been used for published records from Morocco are listed under the currently accepted name. Where available, distribution within Morocco is also included. One new combination is proposed: Assuania melanoleuca (Séguy, 1941), comb. nov. (Chloropidae).
Journal Article
New data on the microvertebrate fauna from the Upper Jurassic or lowest Cretaceous of Ksar Metlili (Anoual Syncline, eastern Morocco)
The Middle Jurassic – Early Cretaceous period witnessed the emergence of some major representatives of modern continental vertebrate groups (stem lissamphibians, squamates, therian mammals and birds) and angiosperms, at a time when fragmentation of Pangaea was underway. The successive Moroccan microvertebrate faunas of Ksar Metlili (?Berriasian) and Guelb el Ahmar (Bathonian) from the Anoual Syncline significantly improve our poor knowledge of Gondwanan and especially African palaeobiodiversity at this time. They are among the richest known from the Mesozoic of Gondwana, and are well placed in northwestern Africa to record faunal interchanges with Laurasia. Here we focus on the Ksar Metlili fauna, first documented in the 1980s and most recently resampled in 2010, which produced 24 541 microremains representing 47 species of 8 main groups (Chondrichthyes, Actinopterygii, Sarcopterygii, Lissamphibia, Lepidosauromorpha, Testudinata, Archosauromorpha and Synapsida). It includes remarkable taxa: the oldest stem boreosphenidan mammals from Gondwana, probably some of the last non-mammaliaform cynodonts, a basal ornithischian, possibly freshwater teleosaurid crocodylomorphs, and some of the rare occurrences of choristoderes and albanerpetontids in Gondwana. Comparison of the Ksar Metlili fauna with that of Guimarota (Kimmeridgian, Portugal) further provides evidence of numerous shared taxa of Laurasian affinities, in contrast to the occurrence of few taxa with Gondwanan affinities. This suggests complex palaeobiogeographical relationships – implying both vicariance and dispersal events – of North Africa within Gondwana at the Jurassic–Cretaceous transition. Finally, the faunal similarities with the Guelb el Ahmar fauna question the Cretaceous age of the Ksar Metlili fauna, suggesting an alternative possible Late Jurassic age.
Journal Article
Preserving the House of the Saint: Religious and Secular Practices of Heritage in the Medina of Casablanca
The Dar Rabbi Haim Pinto is a small place of Saint veneration located in the medina of Casablanca. It is situated near a recently renovated area known as the “Triangle of Tolerance”, which comprises a synagogue, a mosque, and a church. This portion of the Old City has been heavily patrimonialized in the last decade and now encloses two museums which host Jewish objects. The Dar Rabbi Haim Pinto, located in the same area, has not attracted institutional attention. It remains a shared space of veneration and preserves religious objects in a form of insider-led practice of conservation. This article interrogates the different trajectories of religious heritage in the medina of Casablanca, highlighting how State-led projects of patrimonialization have resulted in a form of secularization of Jewish heritage. The study of Dar Rabbi Haim Pinto illustrates how rituality and faith can constitute different forms of motivation for the preservation of Jewish heritage in Casablanca and foster community resilience and transmission. The contribution is based on ethnographic and museological fieldwork within the Dar Rabbi Haim Pinto and in the surrounding urban area, coupled with semi-structured interviews with the guardian of the Dar and other members of the Jewish community of Casablanca.
Journal Article
Bounahasite, Cu+Cu2+2(OH)3Cl2, a new mineral from the Bou Nahas Mine, Morocco
The new mineral bounahasite, Cu+Cu2+2(OH)3Cl2, was found in the oxidation zone of the Bou Nahas Mine, Morocco. It forms pseudo-hexagonal plates up to 3 × 30 × 40 µm in size combined in loose clusters with native copper and paratacamite. The mineral is green with vitreous lustre. The cleavage is parallel to {110}, perfect. Dcalc is 3.90 g/cm3. The infrared spectrum is reported. The composition (wt.%) is Cu2O 23.26, CuO 51.72, Cl 23.36, H2O 8.71, O = Cl2 -5.27, total 101.78. The empirical formula calculated on the basis of 3 Cu atoms per formula unit is: Cu+Cu2+2(OH)2.97Cl2.03. The mineral is monoclinic, P21/n, a = 8.5925(1), b = 6.4189(1), c = 10.4118(2) Å, β = 111.804(2)°, V = 533.17(2) Å3 and Z = 4. The strongest reflections of the powder X-ray diffraction pattern [d, Å(I)(hkl)] are: 7.71(70)(1̄01), 5.34(22)(011), 3.856(100)(012, 2̄02), 2.673(36)(022), 2.665 (30)(103) and 2.350 (71)(1̄23, 301, 2̄14). The crystal structure, refined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data (R1 = 0.028), is based on two alternating sheets coplanar to (110): one consists of alternating edge-sharing Cu2+(OH)6 octahedra and two Cu2+(OH)4Cl2 octahedra, whereas the other one is based on Cu+Cl4 tetrahedra forming edge-sharing Cu+2Cl6 dimers.
Journal Article
Algorithmic Heritage and AI-Assisted Museums in Morocco and Egypt—From Clouded Coloniality to Techno-Cultural Empowerment
This article provides a comparative examination of two AI-assisted museums in Africa, the Dar Gnawa Museum (Marrakech) and the Grand Egyptian Museum (Cairo). It analyzes the AI functions and the strategies these institutions adopt to pursue techno-cultural empowerment in a field long shaped by power asymmetries in Africa. The literature review highlights how technological transfers in museum cooperation remain an overlooked vector of coloniality which the convergence of AI and heritage practices now brings sharply into view. This article develops the notion of clouded coloniality—a dual phenomenon in which heritage data is literally managed in the cloud, often from abroad, while diffracted layers of actors and processes obscure the identification of new imbalances in and around AI-assisted museums. This article designs a two-pronged analytical framework which first assesses AI functions within the Dar Gnawa Museum and the GEM, and then evaluates sustainable synergies between these institutions and their broader AI ecosystem. The results indicate that whereas the GEM prioritizes youth empowerment, the tourism industry, and partnerships with foreign stakeholders that could potentially expose Egypt’s cultural sovereignty, the Dar Gnawa Museum independently developed an AI tool, Kouyou, that could offer a transferable model for advancing Pan-African techno-cultural empowerment.
Journal Article
Museal Activity to Promote Geotourism and Geosite Protection: The Case of the National Ceramics Museum, Safi, Morocco
Museums, as significant actors in their respective areas, face the challenge of evolving beyond being mere repositories of heritage. They are increasingly expected to serve as instrumental contributors to balanced human development and overall societal well-being. This includes actively participating in cultural tourism and geotourism initiatives, which are essential components of broader efforts to enhance collective welfare. This study explores the role of museums in promoting geotourism and preserving geological heritage, using the National Ceramics Museum in Safi, Morocco (NCMSM) as an example. Experts agreed on the potential of museums to promote geotourism and protect geosites through a variety of activities, including geosite visits, educational programs, interpretive panels, geotours, awareness campaigns, souvenir offers, and interactive applications. These initiatives can effectively raise awareness, foster appreciation, and support the conservation of geosites, while also contributing to the development of sustainable geotourism practices. Statistically, amongst the listed activities at NCMSM, the pottery workshops are the most recommended activity as they appeal to people of all ages and levels. The ceramic-rich heritage at NCMSM is encouraged to take a holistic approach, ensuring a wider impact on public understanding, engagement, and preservation efforts.
Journal Article