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"Museums and people with visual disabilities"
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International perspectives on disability exceptions in copyright law and the visual arts : feeling art
\"This book provides an overview of disability exceptions to copyright infringement and the international legal framework for disability rights and exceptions. The focus is on those exceptions as they apply to visual art, while the book presents a comprehensive study of copyright's disability exceptions per se, and the international human rights law framework in which they are situated.\"-- Provided by publisher.
BOOK
Blind visitor experiences at art museums
Blind Visitor Experiences at Art Museums seeks to answer two questions:
Given the guiding principle of visual art being understood only by sight, what do people understand when sight is diminished or not there?Moreover, given the experience of blindness, what are the effects of vision loss or no vision on a cultural identity in art?
It does this by exploring seven in-depth case studies of visitors to the education department at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, and the experiences of leading groups by two teachers. In addition, this book includes findings from participant observations in classes and touch tours for blind and visually impaired people at the Metropolitan Museum of Art.
After reading this book, readers will understand both passive and active social exclusion from the museum's facilities (active exclusion is defined as a deliberate act of exclusion based on the belief that blind people are incapable of understanding visual art, whereas passive exclusion is defined as exclusion resulting from an aspect of miseducation, such as inappropriate building design or learning materials, or a lack of training, knowledge, resources, access materials or buildings).
eBook
Marketplace accessibility: a service-provider perspective
Purpose
This study aims to explore the strategies that service providers use to facilitate marketplace accessibility, and identify the key challenges in that process. The authors do so to develop a roadmap towards improved accessibility and disability inclusion in the marketplace.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors conducted eight semi-structured interviews with service providers (curators, visitor service coordinators and access managers) at museums who run access programmes for customers with visual impairment (VI), along with an embodied duo-ethnography of those programmes.
Findings
Service providers foster autonomous, embodied and social access. Resource constraints, safety concerns and exposed differences between customers compromise access. To overcome these challenges, service providers engage in three inclusionary strategies – informing, extending and sensitizing.
Research limitations/implications
This service provider- and VI-focus present limitations. Future research should consider a poly-vocal approach that includes the experiences of numerous stakeholders to holistically advance marketplace accessibility; and apply the marketplace accessibility findings upon different disabilities in other marketplace contexts.
Practical implications
This study offers a roadmap for policymakers and service providers on: which types of access should and can be created; what challenges may be encountered; how to manage these challenges; and, thus, how to advance accessibility beyond regulations.
Originality/value
This study contributes a service provider perspective on marketplace accessibility that goes beyond removing “disabling” barriers towards creating opportunities for co-creation; an approach towards marketplace accessibility that fosters inclusiveness while considering the inherent challenges of that process; and an illustration of posthumanism’s empirical value in addressing issues of accessibility in the marketplace.
Journal Article
The evolution of universally accessible building design
Currently, the poster is displayed at the Victoria and Albert Museum (London, UK), as part of Without Walls: Disability and Innovation in Building Design, an exhibition charting the evolution of architectural practice from designing for disabled people without consulting them, to designing with their input. Without Walls charts early examples of purpose-built facilities such as a 19th century hospital for people with learning disabilities, a 1920s church for deaf worshippers, and a 1970s public housing project for disabled people through to modern examples including the headquarters of LightHouse for the Blind and Visually Impaired (San Francisco, CA, USA), a private house in France for a wheelchair user in which a central platform rises or descends between levels, and a Dutch residential facility for people with advanced dementia. Down established a private institution, Normansfield hospital (Teddington, UK) in 1868, where his objective was “to rescue the feeble one” from their “solitary life” within an environment where the residents benefitted from the companionship of their peers and the beneficial influences of art and nature.
Journal Article
Envisioning the future of technology integration for accessible hospitality and tourism
Purpose
This study aims to examine a topic of growing significance to hospitality and tourism scholars and practitioners – how emerging technologies can fulfill accessible hospitality and tourism services for people with disabilities.
Design/methodology/approach
A systematic review of the literature based on the Web of Science database and qualitative research were conducted. Specifically, bibliometric analysis and thematic analyzes of expert interviews were used. The obtained views from experts in the field further validated and enriched the obtained findings.
Findings
The primary topics of exploration in existing literature were identified, such as social networks and data-empowered services. The potential areas of further advances are also revealed such as the need for cross-country collaborations and potential gaps between scholarly and practitioner interest in the topic.
Research limitations/implications
This research is limited by the scope of adopted search keywords and databases.
Practical implications
This study offers vital practical implications for the future integration of emerging technologies to fulfill accessible hospitality and tourism. It also demonstrates the pressing need for more interconnected global collaborations for this important initiative.
Social implications
This study emphasizes how the hospitality and tourism industry could better leverage technological power to empower people with disabilities. It also points out the importance of an inclusive process for technology implementation for accessible hospitality and tourism services to fully represent the interests of disabled customers (including the consideration of their different backgrounds).
Originality/value
This study sheds light on the future research directions of technological empowerment of accessible hospitality/tourism. It also makes methodological contributions by demonstrating what bibliometric analysis has to offer to relevant fields of studies. The solicited views of experts in the field from different countries on the topic further add to the depth and value of the findings while demonstrating the combination of these two approaches as a promising mixed-methods route to produce richer and more robust findings.
Journal Article
Accessible Visual Artworks for Blind and Visually Impaired People: Comparing a Multimodal Approach with Tactile Graphics
Despite the use of tactile graphics and audio guides, blind and visually impaired people still face challenges to experience and understand visual artworks independently at art exhibitions. Art museums and other art places are increasingly exploring the use of interactive guides to make their collections more accessible. In this work, we describe our approach to an interactive multimodal guide prototype that uses audio and tactile modalities to improve the autonomous access to information and experience of visual artworks. The prototype is composed of a touch-sensitive 2.5D artwork relief model that can be freely explored by touch. Users can access localized verbal descriptions and audio by performing touch gestures on the surface while listening to themed background music along. We present the design requirements derived from a formative study realized with the help of eight blind and visually impaired participants, art museum and gallery staff, and artists. We extended the formative study by organizing two accessible art exhibitions. There, eighteen participants evaluated and compared multimodal and tactile graphic accessible exhibits. Results from a usability survey indicate that our multimodal approach is simple, easy to use, and improves confidence and independence when exploring visual artworks.
Journal Article
Visual Art Accessibility and Art Experience for the Blind and Visually Impaired
Social inclusion for blind people is always neglected when dealing with visual art accessibility, from artwork to art galleries and museums, not to mention the art education system. Exposure to visual art should be easy access for everyone including blind and visually impaired individuals. Many studies have claimed to explore opportunities and exploration of art accessibility toward these communities. However, there is much investigation that is needed to understand their perspective, issues, and challenges toward this subject. We have conducted semi-structured interviews with twenty-one blind and visually impaired people from the Malaysian Association for the Blind and Persatuan Orang-orang Cacat Islam Malaysia. The interview is to understand their feelings and perspective toward the art education background, art accessibility, and art exposure from galleries and museums and to understand the importance of touch in accessing visual art. The findings could include advocating for the development of new assistive technology, with more supporting organizations that could work to drive innovations and improvement through design interventions and technological advancement for art accessibility and giving awareness on art accessibility for blind and visually impaired problems on visual arts.
Journal Article
Designing technologies for museums: accessibility and participation issues
Purpose
This paper aims to report the findings of a systematized literature review focusing on participatory research and accessibly in the context of assistive technologies, developed for use within museums by people with sensory impairments or a learning disability. The extent and nature of participatory research that occurs within the creation of technologies to facilitate accessible museum experiences is uncertain, and this is therefore a focus of this paper.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper is a systematized literature review and subsequent thematic analysis.
Findings
A screening of 294 research papers produced 8 papers for analysis in detail. A thematic analysis identified that the concept of accessibly has nuanced meanings, underpinned by social values; the attractiveness of a technology is important in supporting real-life usability; and that the conceptualization of participation should extend beyond the end users.
Social implications
The argument is made that increasing the participation of people with sensory impairments and learning disabilities in the research process will benefit the design of technologies that facilitate accessibility for these groups.
Originality/value
An original notion of participation has emerged from this review. It includes the participation and goals of disabled people but has expanded the concept to encompass museum personnel and indeed the physical and social spaces of the museums and heritage sites themselves. This constructs a broad of participation, with different aspects being reflected across the review’s research papers.
Journal Article
Valuing Visual Disability as a Richness in Spanish Museums
This study consists of a review of the literature around three main terms: museums, education, and visual impairment. This review proposes to go deeper into the conceptualization of the term “museum” and its involvement in the world of education. In addition, it aims to study the accessibility of museums in relation to people with sensory disabilities, specifically with a focus on visual disability in the Spanish context. The findings reveal a decontextualization and misadaptation of the museum to all people, thus becoming a priority for action.
Journal Article