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iMuslims
Exploring the increasing impact of the Internet on Muslims around the world, this book sheds new light on the nature of contemporary Islamic discourse, identity, and community.The Internet has profoundly shaped how both Muslims and non-Muslims perceive Islam and how Islamic societies and networks are evolving and shifting in the twenty-first century, says Gary Bunt. While Islamic society has deep historical patterns of global exchange, the Internet has transformed how many Muslims practice the duties and rituals of Islam. A place of religious instruction may exist solely in the virtual world, for example, or a community may gather only online. Drawing on more than a decade of online research, Bunt shows how social-networking sites, blogs, and other \"cyber-Islamic environments\" have exposed Muslims to new influences outside the traditional spheres of Islamic knowledge and authority. Furthermore, the Internet has dramatically influenced forms of Islamic activism and radicalization, including jihad-oriented campaigns by networks such as al-Qaeda.By surveying the broad spectrum of approaches used to present dimensions of Islamic social, spiritual, and political life on the Internet,iMuslimsencourages diverse understandings of online Islam and of Islam generally.
eBook
Muslims and the media in the blogosphere
In the past two decades a virtual Ummah has evolved in cyberspace. While some of these websites are targeted specifically at Muslims, others attempt to provide outreach on Islam or counter Islamophobic bias. As noted by Jon Anderson, in his pioneering work on Islam in cyberspace, Muslims were among the first engineering students to create websites at the dawn of the Internet, before mainstream Islamic organizations posted official websites. There is a wealth of material by Muslims in English and Western languages, some of it archived for research. This article explores the methodological problems posed in studying the range of Islam-content blogs, from private individuals to religious scholars, as well as Muslim websites that feature comments from readers. The focus of the paper is an analysis of blogs about Islam or by Muslims that either act as watchdogs on the media or try to provide alternative views to the mainstream media of competing Muslim groups. Researching these blogs as a form of e-ethnography calls for a rethinking and refining of anthropological methodology as e-ethnography.
Journal Article
American and European Muslim Female Bloggers Increase Their Preaching Efforts in Social Media
This article investigates the evolving landscape of religious agitation in the digital age, focusing specifically on the religious propaganda activities of female bloggers in the USA and Europe. In today’s society, religious discourse is increasingly being held on various social media channels, shaping a new trend in religious agitation. Muslim female bloggers are emerging as influential voices on these platforms, employing diverse preaching methods and discussing certain feminine topics aimed at Muslim women. This research employs a mix of quantitative, qualitative, and empirical methodologies to discover the peculiarities of the sermons delivered by them. An extensive analysis was performed to evaluate their rising influence, audience interaction, and how they differ from their male counterparts. Additionally, this study examines how Muslim female bloggers are transforming the face of the Islamic call in the USA and Europe by adopting a feminist approach. Importantly, our research work highlights the activities of non-hijabi Muslim bloggers who are influencing Western Muslim women in social media. We examine the religious discourse of Western female and male Muslim bloggers by juxtaposing their preaching activities. Besides, a comparison is made between the female Muslim bloggers in Western regions and the Islamic world. This article underscores the profound influence of social media on religious discourse and highlights their contributions to religious discourse in the digital age.
Journal Article
Online social cohesion reflects real-world group action in Syria during the Arab Spring
In recent years, political activists have taken to social media platforms to rapidly reach broad audiences. Despite the prevalence of micro-blogging in these sociopolitical movements, the degree to which virtual mobilization reflects or drives real-world movements is unclear. Here, we explore the dynamics of real-world events and Twitter social cohesion in Syria during the Arab Spring. Using the nonlinear methods cross-recurrence quantification analysis and windowed cross-recurrence quantification analysis, we investigate if frequency of events of different intensities are coupled with social cohesion found in Syrian tweets. Results indicate that online social cohesion is coupled with the counts of all, positive, and negative events each day but shows a decreased connection to negative events when outwardly directed events (i.e., source events) were considered. We conclude with a discussion of implications and applications of nonlinear methods in political science research.
Journal Article
Muslim Women’s Religious Leadership in the Digital Age: How Online Platforms Transform Traditional Authority Struc-Tures
Liberal feminist discourse and digital technologies are reshaping Muslim women’s access to religious authority by allowing them to navigate conventional institutional obstacles. This study utilised a systematic literature review process to evaluate 178 scholarly sources, comprising peer-reviewed articles, academic monographs, and digital religious archives from JSTOR, the ATLA Religion Database, ProQuest Reli-gion, and Google Scholar. Sources were chosen based on their deep engagement with gender dynamics in Islam, their empirical or theoretical analysis of women’s religious authority, and their investigation of digital religious practices, with a prefer-ence for scholarship from the last 15 years alongside foundational historical works. Research indicates that Muslim women religious leaders employ digital platforms, such as blogs, social media, and online communities, to assert interpretive authority via ijtihad, cultivate transnational feminist theological networks, and create alterna-tive venues for religious discourse beyond male-dominated institutional frame-works. Liberal feminist tenets of individual rights and equality offer conceptual frameworks for contesting limiting theological interpretations, while digital media democratises religious authority by disrupting old clerical monopolies on Islamic knowledge. Despite persistent challenges like digital divisions, online harassment, and institutional pushback, Muslim women are formulating novel paradigms of religious leadership that amalgamate authentic Islamic involvement with contemporary technological advancements. Contributions encompass a refined understanding of how technological empowerment mitigates specific theological and institutional ob-stacles faced by Muslim women leaders, illustrating that digital platforms serve as venues for networked resistance, where women assert authority through lived expe-rience and contextual interpretation, rather than through formal institutional creden-tials.
Journal Article
Violent Israeli Soccer Fans Banned, Despite UK Government Objections
One person who was quick to declare his solidarity with Maccabi Tel Aviv was British far-right activist Tommy Robinson. Photographed wearing a Maccabi Tel Aviv shirt, he wrote on his blog, \"Who's coming to support Maccabi Tel Aviv at Villa Park on November 6th???\" Robinson (aka Stephen Yaxley-Lennon) was in Israel at the time, having been invited on a flight- and accommodation-paid visit by Amichai Chikli, Israel's diaspora minister. A former member of the racist and anti-Semitic British National Party, Robinson is one of those European right-wing extremists who has laundered his reputation by declaring his support for Israel and being given a clean bill of health by some in Israel's leadership. Chikli described Robinson as \"a courageous leader on the front line against radical Islam.\"
Journal Article
The Multi-attribute impact of hyperlinks in blogs: an emotion-centric approach
As a digital social medium, blogs have transformed into arenas where individuals can express their perspectives, concepts, and feelings. This research delves into the spread of information in blog posts related to the Uyghur discourse, utilizing topic modeling to classify and prioritize pertinent content. The analysis reveals a significant emphasis on the Chinese Government’s suppression of Uyghur Muslims, as demonstrated by the hyperlinks embedded within the blog network. We mapped the discovered topics onto a network of hyperlinks, forming a topic-induced hyperlink network. Additionally, we conducted a toxicity analysis, which revealed a high level of toxicity in blog posts during that period. A morality assessment was also performed, revealing exceedingly high scores for all vices in the blog posts. Furthermore, we conducted an emotion analysis on the text and image data, which underscored a dominant sentiment of sadness pervading the blog posts and corresponding images. This reflects the severity of the Uyghur persecution. The research highlights the effectiveness of topic modeling, toxicity evaluation, and hyperlink analysis in shedding light on intricate social issues. Future studies could augment these results by expanding keyword scope and refining image recognition models within the context of Uyghur discourse.
Journal Article
Constructing Social Reality: A Discourse Analysis of TTP's Text on Social Media
The Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) has used the Internet and online media forums to propagate their messages and to advance their agendas. TTP, Like Al-Qaeda and the Afghan Taliban, has used online platforms to propagate its messages and secure public support for its organization. This study investigates how TTP as an organization constructs its social reality through online blogs and defines the ‘Self' and the ‘Other.' I have used Laclau and Mouffe's (1985) Discourse Theory to analyze the TTP's text posted on the blog site www.umarmedia.wordpress.com. The article analyzes blogs posted in October 2014, December 2014, and June 2015, a significant moment in time when Pakistan launched its military offensive “Zarb-e-Azb” in Pakistan's Northwestern Pashtun regions. The analysis reveals the strategies used by the TTP in constructing its social reality and articulating the identities of the ‘Self' and the ‘Other.' The TTP's discourse articulates the Pakistan Army as the ‘Near' enemy, an extension of the Western ‘Far' enemy, which has waged a full-scale war on the tribal Muslims. The TTP constructs the social reality of Muslims facing existential and cultural threats at the hands of the enemy. Moreover, the narrative of victimhood not only prompts the TTP's cause for revenge but also justifies violence to survive against the enemy, which is both powerful and ruthless. Analyzing the TTP's text with context is important for understanding the militant's worldview and building counter-narratives. Moreover, it can be productive for predicting the trajectory of militant communication, which Pakistan and its allies can use to their strategic benefit.
Journal Article
Information Sharing as Embodied Practice in a Context of Conversion to Islam
This article works to extend two emerging areas in information scholarship: religious practice and embodiment. By reporting on completed research about information practices among Muslim converts in the Toronto, Ontario, Canada area (Guzik 2017), this article reveals how information is shared in the context of religious transitions that take place within a contentious political landscape. Research was guided by ethnography and involved participant observation, semistructured interviews, and timeline drawings (Bagnoli 2009; Sheridan, Chamberlain, and Dupuis 2011). While additional themes related to navigation and authority were identified through the use of constructivist grounded theory (Charmaz 2006), this article focuses specifically on how research participants express and exchange information through nonwritten sources such as clothing items, spoken words, and creative products. The article considers the visibility of information when it is carried on the body as religious symbols, and the implications that this visibility has for accessing expertise, places of worship, and secular public spaces. It also highlights how creative pursuits allow Muslim converts to become information producers and publishers, rather than mere consumers. These roles of production may involve written documents (e.g. sacred texts, scholarly articles, blog posts), but they are primarily expressed through physical actions and spoken words.
Journal Article