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Placebo-controlled trials of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) have reported challenges with study-product uptake and use, with the greatest challenges reported in studies with young women in sub-Saharan Africa. We conducted a qualitative sub-study to explore experiences with open-label PrEP among young women in Cape Town, South Africa participating in HTPN 067/Alternative Dosing to Augment Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Pill Taking (ADAPT). HPTN 067/ADAPT provided open label oral FTC/TDF PrEP to young women in Cape Town, South Africa who were randomized to daily and non-daily PrEP regimens. Following completion of study participation, women were invited into a qualitative sub-study including focus groups and in-depth interviews. Interviews and groups followed a semi-structured guide, were recorded, transcribed, and translated to English from isiXhosa, and coded using framework analysis. Sixty of the 179 women enrolled in HPTN 067/ADAPT participated in either a focus group (six groups for a total of 42 participants) or an in-depth interview (n = 18). This sample of mostly young, unmarried women identified facilitators of and barriers to PrEP use, as well as factors influencing study participation. Cross-cutting themes characterizing discourse suggested that women placed high value on contributing to the well-being of one’s community (Ubuntu), experienced a degree of skepticism towards PrEP and the study more generally, and reported a wide range of approaches towards PrEP (ranging from active avoidance to high levels of persistence and adherence). A Mutuality Framework is proposed that identifies four dynamics (distrust, uncertainty, alignment, and mutuality) that represent distinct interactions between self, community and study and serve to contextualize women’s experiences. Implications for better understanding PrEP use, and non-use, and intervention opportunities are discussed. In this sample of women, PrEP use in the context of an open-label research trial was heavily influenced by underlying beliefs about safety, reciprocity of contributions to community, and trust in transparency and integrity of the research. Greater attention to factors positioning women in the different dynamics of the proposed Mutuality Framework could direct intervention approaches in clinical trials, as well as open-label PrEP scale-up.

Objective This study aimed to investigate the longitudinal cross‐lagged association between family mutuality, depression, and anxiety among Chinese adolescents before and after the COVID‐19 lockdown in 2020. Background Limited attention has been paid to the longitudinal links between family mutuality, depression, and anxiety in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Method We used self‐administered questionnaires to collect data from three high schools and two middle schools in Chengdu City at two time points: Time 1 (T1), December 23, 2019–January 13, 2020; Time 2 (T2), June 16–July 8, 2020. The sample consisted of 7,958 participants who completed two wave surveys before and after the COVID‐19 lockdown. We analyzed the data using cross‐lagged structural equation modeling. Results The longitudinal cross‐lagged model showed family mutuality at T1 significantly predicted depression, anxiety, and family mutuality at T2. We observed a decreasing prevalence of depression and anxiety after the COVID‐19 lockdown. Conclusion Family mutuality plays an important role in mitigating long‐term mental health disorders, such as depression and anxiety. More family‐centered psychological interventions could be developed to alleviate mental health disorders during lockdowns. Implications Improving family mutuality (e.g., mutual support, interaction, and caring among family members) could be beneficial for reducing mental health disorders among Chinese adolescents during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Although there is robust evidence of the benefits of attachment-based parenting interventions, limited research has examined their impact on dyadic mutuality and toddler behavior problems. Given the central question in prevention research of what works for whom, and the documented relation of maternal psychological risk to parenting and intervention response, it is important to consider the moderating role of maternal psychological risk in the efficacy of attachment-based interventions. The current study extends prior research on a randomized controlled trial of Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-up (ABC) by examining its impact on dyadic mutuality and the moderating role of maternal psychological risk in ABC’s impact on dyadic mutuality and toddler behavior problems. ABC (10 sessions) was provided as a supplement to Early Head Start (EHS) for a sample of predominantly low-income Latinx families. Control families received home-based EHS plus 1 book per week for 10 weeks. We administered a psychosocial interview and video-recorded parent-toddler interaction pre- and post-intervention. Using intent-to-treat analyses, we found main effects of ABC on dyadic mutuality. We conducted latent class analysis to identify patterns of interrelationships among indicators of baseline maternal risk exposure to characterize a latent risk factor and used this factor to examine the moderating role of maternal psychological risk in ABC’s impact on dyadic mutuality and toddler behavior problems. ABC seemed to be particularly beneficial for the development of positive, synchronous dyadic interactions and for reduction of toddler behavior problems in higher-risk EHS families. Findings are discussed in the context of designing and evaluating preventive interventions, with a specific focus on families at psychological risk.

The image of a nation is crucial in the conduct of international relations. As a rising power, China is increasingly concerned about its image, due to which it is increasingly investing into its public diplomacy. Public diplomacy, broadly understood as a country's engagement and communication with foreign publics, has become one important part of China's overall diplomacy in recent years. This article introduces the Chinese debates on public diplomacy. In doing so, it helps to better understand how China sees itself in the world (mainly misunderstood), how China perceives the international environment (potentially hostile), and how China wants to be seen by the outside world (as a friendly, peaceful, and reliable partner). Furthermore, this article demonstrates that in China, public diplomacy is understood more as an instrument to fulfill strategic and functional purposes and less as an instrument of mutuality. Although the non-Chinese discourse focuses on mutuality, exchange, and reciprocal communication, China is more concerned with getting its message out and convincing the world of its benign intentions.

In this paper we reflect on our positions as senior non-disabled academics in the university and our experiences of trying to support colleagues who are disabled researchers. We consider notions of belonging, mutuality and community capacity. We sit with an original narrative exposition of the university and the creative potential of disability to detail, visit and resist, inform and reform our day-to-day working lives; to depathologise the university. We also reveal some of the barriers, blockages and frustrations. We make a case for the methodological rigour of a composite narrative which centres the fictional character of Florence. Our analysis of this narrative reveals five significant themes; addressing research funding inequities; anticipating disability; centering disabled people's organisations; revisiting support and fostering mutual alliances. In conclusion, we argue that we should approach tales of engagement with university processes, policies and bureaucratic arrangements not simply as undesirable entities of the neoliberal university that require deconstruction; but as everyday practices through which we might do some of our most depathologising work (as frustrating as this labour might be). Keywords: Depathologisation, disabled researchers, belonging, mutuality, community capacity

Purpose This study aimed to examine correlates of caregiver burden and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among primary family caregivers of individuals with schizophrenia in inpatient psychiatric rehabilitation facilities. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with 157 Taiwanese primary family caregivers of individuals with schizophrenia residing in inpatient psychiatric facilities. Measures included socio-demographic questionnaires and clinical information, Mutuality Scale, Family Crisis-Oriented Personal Evaluation Scales, Zarit Burden Interview, and World Health Organization Quality of Life-brief version. To describe the degree of caregiver burden and domains of HRQoL, descriptive statistics were computed. Independent sample t test, one-way analysis of variance, and Pearson’s correlation analysis followed by multiple regression analyses were performed to determine correlations and relationships between characteristics of patients and primary family caregivers with caregiver burden and domains of HRQoL. Results Primary family caregivers experienced mild to moderate caregiver burden and poor HRQoL. Primary family caregivers who were older and unemployed, caring for patient’s severe psychiatric symptoms, and had low monthly incomes, decreased mutuality, and fewer family coping strategies were associated with greater caregiver burden and poor HRQoL. Greater mutuality and family coping strategies of reframing and seeking spiritual support were the most significant factors in improving caregiver burden and all domains of HRQoL, respectively. Conclusion Family-focused interventions for caregivers of institutionalized persons with schizophrenia that include psychological support and peer support groups are recommended to enhance mutuality and family coping strategies, reduce caregiver burden, and improve HRQoL.

This study explores AI-enabled local public service provisioning, especially dilemmas of the mutual and meaningful development process. Theoretically, it builds on the current literature on AI implementation in the public sector and relates it to the theorisations of mutuality and meaningfulness. Empirically, it examines the experiences of public agents in a qualitative case study of chatbot development by the City of Oulu, Finland. The study concludes six factors that are constructed into three interconnected dilemma pairs to examine cross-cutting problematic decision-making scenarios and provide reconciliations through mutuality and meaningfulness.

Studies of creative industries typically contend that creative work is profoundly precarious, taking place on a freelance basis in highly competitive, individualized and contingent labour markets. Such studies depict creative workers as correspondingly self-enterprising, self-reliant, self-interested and calculative agents who valorise care-free independence. In contrast, we adopt the 'ethics of care' approach to explore, recognize and appreciate the communitarian, relational and moral considerations as well as interpersonal connectedness and interdependencies that underpin creative work. Drawing on in-depth interviews with creative workers in a range of marginal socio-cultural contexts, we argue that creative workers cultivate and sustain a diverse array of practices of care arising from an affective concern with the well-being of others. Far from being merely individualistic and crudely competitive actors, creative workers enact practical ethical responsibilities and affectivities towards a range of human and non-human others, including families, local communities and neighbourhoods, colleagues, artistic scenes and their adjacent genres, and surrounding national and linguistic cultures. In emphasizing the fundamental and structuring role of care in contingent labour markets our approach accords with recent trends in the social sciences that 'affirmatively'—as opposed to 'negatively' and 'suspiciously'—recognize that mutuality, solidarity and affectivity are powerful drivers of action on a par with or even exceeding market-driven self-centredness.

Partially due to the limited access to datasets of human activities in cyber and physical (online and offline) spaces, the exploration of weak human interactions, defined as human mutuality in this work (i.e. co-location in physical space, and co-domain in cyber space) and their networks in the two spaces have been constrained to some extent in recent years. To bridge this gap, this study establishes a unified framework for directly comparing individual-level human mutuality networks across physical and cyber spaces, based on large-scale Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) data from tens of thousands of users in Jilin, China. Within this framework, human mutuality networks are constructed with users as nodes and mutuality events as edges, based on shared locations or shared website visits. The networks are systematically analyzed through three dimensions: fundamental network properties (such as clustering coefficient and average shortest path length), degree and strength distributions, and community structures. The results show distinct structural differences between the two spaces. Cyber space displays a significantly shorter average shortest path length (2.4) than the physical space (7.6), suggesting faster information transmission and the potential to alleviate digital inequalities by accelerating access to resources. Both networks present heavy-tailed degree distributions, indicating heterogeneous structures shaped by a few highly connected individuals. Furthermore, while physical space exhibits numerous small communities with strong local clustering, cyber space contains fewer but larger communities, with weaker local cohesion. This reduced local clustering may increase the risk of rapid misinformation diffusion. Additionally, the formation of cyber communities based on shared online behaviors reveals potential socioeconomic similarities among users despite differences in their physical attributes. Together, these insights offer a foundation for understanding human interactions across hybrid spaces and inform strategies for managing cyber and physical social dynamics.

This introduction puts forward capture as an anthropological analytic. Idioms of capture already pervade anthropological descriptions, analyses, and methods. We start by questioning the widespread equivalence between capture and predation, showing that neither of these terms should be read as rifts in sociality but rather as continuations of the social by other means. The significance of the diverse socialities of capture is clarified in relation to previous works that demonstrate how capture folds over and into itself, entrapping not just the prey, but also the captors. By bringing this idea to bear on ethnographic analyses of capture, we argue that capture is frequently deployed as a generic term–a catchword–that simultaneously defines the work of the generic itself as a mode of capture or containment. Lastly, what sets capture apart from notions such as network or entanglement is its recursive potential as a verb and metonym for ethnographic inquiry and representation.