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Myrmecophilus acervorum , previously considered a parthenogenetic species widely-distributed in Europe, has been observed to have both sexes in populations inhabiting the central part of the distribution range. Specimens from those heterosexual populations have been found being infected with Wolbachia . New mitochondrial data (COI and 16S markers) revealed the well-supported differentiation of M. acervorum populations inhabiting western Polesie (Poland) and southern Europe. In turn, analyses of EF1α marker support the hypothesis on the unfinished lineage sorting at the nuclear DNA level. Interestingly, we found that parthenogenetic populations inhabiting western Polesie are infected with Wolbachia belonging to supergroup A, while endosymbionts occurring in sexual populations of M. acervorum observed in Romania belong to supergroup B. Furthermore, new and potentially diagnostic characteristics in the external structures of the eyes of M. acervorum were identified. The surface of ommatidia in specimens occurring in southern Europe was smooth. In contrast, the ommatidia surface of individuals collected in Poland was visibly sculptured. To sum up, the significant genetic variability found in the present case, and the differentiating morphological character, are almost certainly effects of cryptic species being present within M. acervorum. This is indicative of ongoing speciation within the populations of this insect, and of simultaneous unfinished lineage sorting at the nuclear DNA level.

Three species of orthopteroid insects (Insecta, Polyneoptera) are recorded from West Kazakhstan for the first time. The Asian giant mantes Hierodula tenuidentata Saussure, 1869 (Mantodea) and the Turkistan webspinner Embia tartara Saussure, 1896 (Embioptera) are found in Mangystau oblast. It is possible that this species was able to spread north due to climate warming. The ant-loving cricket Myrmecophilus acervorum (Panzer, 1799) (Orthoptera) is recorded from Atyrau oblast. Probably both species were imported in this region with planting material. Moreover, the order Embioptera and families Myrmecophilidae and Embiidae are recorded from West Kazakhstan for the first time.

The first observations of myrmecophilous ant cricket Myrmecophilus acervorum (Panzer, 1799) and the family Myrmecophilidae from Latvia are presented. The observations were made in two locations subject to flooding in springtime. Adult and juvenile female individuals were observed. The discussed records appear to be the northernmost known distribution limit of this species.

The first record of the ant cricket Myrmecophilus (Myrmecophilus) quadrispinus Perkins, 1899 for Peru and South America is presented. This species was discovered in the city of Lima in the nests of the ant species Brachymyrmex cordemoyi Forel, 1895, and Pheidole sp. Westwood, 1939 under a square brick and a stone in two urban gardens.

Social parasites employ diverse strategies to deceive and infiltrate their hosts in order to benefit from stable resources. Although escape behaviours are considered an important part of these multipronged strategies, little is known about the repertoire of potential escape behaviours and how they facilitate integration into the host colony. Here, we investigated the escape strategies of the parasitic ant cricket Myrmecophilus tetramorii Ichikawa (Orthoptera: Myrmecophilidae) toward its host and non-host ant workers. We identified two escape strategies with distinct trajectory characteristics by clustering analysis; distancing (defined by high-speed straight movement away from ants for emergency avoidance) and dodging (circular escape movement to get behind ants under low-threat conditions). Interestingly, dodging is dominantly elicited over distancing for host species. Furthermore, our simulations proposed that dodging contributes to efficient foraging while avoiding ants. These results demonstrate that switching to a host-adapted escape strategy facilitates integration of this parasitic cricket into ant nests. A behavioural analysis on the parasitic ant cricket suggests that this species employs two escape strategies to avoid ants, in particular, by switching strategies to more effectively avoid host ant species than non-host species.

A new species of the genus Laelaspis Berlese, Laelaspis elongatus sp. n. is described based on adult female and male specimens collected in association with Pheidole pallidula (Nylander) (Hym., Formicidae) in Ahwaz, Khuzestan Province, southwestern Iran, and also Acinopus (Acinopus) picipes (Olivier) (Col., Carabidae) in Bam, Kerman Province, southeastern Iran.

Myrmecophilus americanus and Myrmecophilus albicinctus are typical myrmecophilous insects living inside ant nests. These species are ecologically important due to the obligate association with tramp ant species, including harmful invasive ant species. However, the taxonomy of these \"white-banded ant crickets\" is quite confused owing to a scarcity of useful external morphological characteristics. Recently, Myrmecophilus albicinctus was synonymized with Myrmecophilus americanus regardless of the apparent host use difference. To clarify taxonomical relationship between Myrmecophilus albicinctus and Myrmecophilus albicinctus, we reexamined morphological characteristics of both species mainly in the viewpoint of anatomy. Observation of genitalia parts, together with a few external body parts, revealed that Myrmecophilus albicinctus showed different tendency from them of Myrmecophilus americanus. Therefore, we recover Myrmecophilus albicinctus as a distinct species on the basis of the morphology.

The Old World ant cricket Myrmecophilus americanus Saussure (Orthoptera, Myrmecophilidae) inhabits nests of the Old World tramp ant Paratrechina longicornis (Latreille) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Paratrechina longicornis has spread worldwide through human commerce, whereas M. americanus has been reported from sites in Asia, Oceania, South America, the West Indies, and the Mediterranean region. Here, we report the first North American records of M. americanus, all from peninsular Florida and the Florida Keys. In addition to older unpublished records of M. americanus from Archbold Biological Station (N 27.2°) and Gainesville (N 29.7°), we collected M. americanus from 5 of 13 P. longicornis nests surveyed in southernmost Florida (N 24.5–26.0°), but only from 1 of 20 P. longicornis nests surveyed further north (N 26.5–27.3°) in Florida. Although P. longicornis is common throughout most of Florida south of N 30°, its symbiont M. americanus appears to be common only in southernmost Florida. If climate limits populations of M. americanus in northern Florida, then it is likely that the higher latitude records reported as M. americanus from subtropical semi-arid Mediterranean sites (Egypt, Libya, and Israel; N 30–32°) are actually misidentifications of one or more distinct species, possibly Myrmecophilus cottami Chopard and/or Myrmecophilus surcoufi Chopard.