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This paper proposes a novel multi-band textile monopole antenna for patient tracking applications. The designed antenna has compact footprints (0.13λ02) and works in the narrow band-internet of things (NB-IoT) 1.8 GHz, radio frequency identification (RFID), and industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz bands. The impedance bandwidths and gain of the antenna at 1.8 GHz, 2.45 GHz, and 5.8 GHz are 310 MHz, 960 MHz, and 1140 MHz; 3.7 dBi, 5.3 dBi, and 9.6 dBi, respectively. Also, the antenna’s behavior is checked on different body parts of the human body in various bending scenarios. As per the evaluated link budget, the designed antenna can easily communicate up to 100 m of distance. The specific absorption rate values of the designed antenna are also within acceptable limits as per the (FCC/ICNIRP) standards at the reported frequency bands. Unlike traditional rigid antennas, the proposed textile antenna is non-intrusive, enhancing user safety and comfort. The denim material makes it comfortable for extended wear, reducing the risk of skin irritation. It can also withstand regular wear and tear, including stretching and bending. The presented denim-based antenna can be seamlessly integrated into clothing and accessories, making it less obtrusive and more aesthetically pleasing.

This work implements an intelligent forest monitoring system using the Internet of things (IoT) with the wireless network communication technology of a low-power wide-area network (LPWAN), a long range (LoRa), and a narrow-band Internet of things (NB-IoT). A solar micro-weather station with LoRa-based sensors and communications was built to monitor the forest status and information such as the light intensity, air pressure, ultraviolet intensity, CO2, etc. Moreover, a multi-hop algorithm for the LoRa-based sensors and communications is proposed to solve the problem of long-distance communication without 3G/4G. For the forest without electricity, we installed solar panels to supply electricity for the sensors and other equipment. In order to avoid the problem of insufficient solar panels due to insufficient sunlight in the forest, we also connected each solar panel to a battery to store electricity. The experimental results show the implementation of the proposed method and its performance.

The current statuses and future promises of the Internet of Things (IoT), Internet of Everything (IoE) and Internet of Nano-Things (IoNT) are extensively reviewed and a summarized survey is presented. The analysis clearly distinguishes between IoT and IoE, which are wrongly considered to be the same by many commentators. After evaluating the current trends of advancement in the fields of IoT, IoE and IoNT, this paper identifies the 21 most significant current and future challenges as well as scenarios for the possible future expansion of their applications. Despite possible negative aspects of these developments, there are grounds for general optimism about the coming technologies. Certainly, many tedious tasks can be taken over by IoT devices. However, the dangers of criminal and other nefarious activities, plus those of hardware and software errors, pose major challenges that are a priority for further research. Major specific priority issues for research are identified.

In view of the problems existing in traditional irrigation, such as high time cost, poor reliability, waste of water resources. The intelligent irrigation system based on STM32 and BC95 is designed and implemented. The soil information is received through temperature sensor and humidity sensor, which is sent from the sampling node to the remote terminal serial port. The controller sends the signal to the output end for intelligent irrigation. The practice shows that the wireless communication mode of data transmission using STM32 and NB-IoT (narrow band-internet of things) technology can meet the requirements of reducing the time cost and enhancing the reliability of the system, and can meet the goal of data transmission of intelligent irrigation system and water-saving irrigation. it can be seen that the soil moisture data in the figure significantly changes.

Gas management units have a large number of gates to be supervised. This paper introduces an intelligent gas well management system. By installing all kinds of intelligent sensing terminals in the gas well, it can monitor the massive gas well in real time, and form the gas well internet of things with the help of NB-IOT technology, and gather the data to the data analysis cloud platform. Finally, the perception data is processed and analyzed in the data analysis cloud platform, so as to conduct safety supervision and accuracy of the massive gas wells. At the same time, it uses the historical monitoring big data collected by the system for a long time to build the risk prediction model of the gas well, and carries out the safety risk level assessment and fault prediction and early warning for the key gas well, so as to comprehensively realize the intelligent management of the gas well.

This design implements a 19.2MHz digitally controlled crystal oscillator (DCXO) for the narrow-band internet of things system (NB-IoTs). The paper uses positive feedback principle and phase analysis method to design the oscillator, and then the circuit is realized in a 55nm CMOS technology. The DCXO frequency is controlled by a capacitor matrix controlled by a 10bit digital signal. The results show that the crystal tunable range is more than 70ppm, with tuning step of 0.1∼0.2ppm. The phase noise in 1 KHz and 10 KHz offset were -137dBc/Hz and -159dBc/Hz, respectively. The maximum power consumption is 0.72mW at 1.2V power supply voltage, including an output buffer with 0.24mW power consumption.