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Breeding for the nitrogen (N)-efficient rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) genotypes is an ideal way to increase N use efficiency (NUE) and seed yield, and ultimately allay urgent environmental concerns and benefit farmers in their production. However, there is a paucity of knowledge to explore the environmental and economic benefits among N-efficient and N-inefficient rapeseed genotypes. In this study, a field experiment and a pot experiment with two N-efficient and two N-inefficient rapeseed genotypes were conducted to unravel the differences of environmental and economic benefits. Our results showed compared to the N-inefficient rapeseed genotypes, the N-efficient rapeseed genotypes displayed respectively 23.90%, 27.13% and 15.80% higher seed N accumulation, NUE and NUtE under the field and pot experiments (environmental indexes). Conversely, the N-efficient rapeseed genotypes had 42.51% greater seeds per silique, 29.53% larger seed biomass, and 65.39% net profit than the N-inefficient rapeseed genotypes in high and low N treatment (economic indexes). Higher environmental and economic benefits for the N-efficient rapeseed genotypes should be widely promoted to decrease N input, alleviate environmental pollution, reduce investment in environmental protection, and boost economic benefit. RESUMO: A criação de genótipos de colza (Brassica napus L.) eficientes no uso do azoto (N) é considerada uma estratégia importante para aumentar a eficiência da utilização de N (NUE) e o rendimento de sementes e, em última análise, aliviar as preocupações ambientais urgentes e beneficiar os agricultores na sua produção. No entanto, existe uma escassez de conhecimentos para explorar os benefícios ambientais e econômicos entre os genótipos de colza mais eficientes no uso do N. Neste estudo. Neste estudo, um experimento de campo e um experimento em vaso com dois genótipos de colza eficientes e dois ineficientes em N foram conduzidos para desvendar as diferenças de benefícios ambientais e econômicos. Nossos resultados mostraram que, em comparação com os genótipos de colza N-ineficientes, os genótipos de colza N-eficientes apresentaram, respectivamente, 23,90%, 27,13% Et en plus 15,80% maior acúmulo de N nas sementes, NUE Et en plus NUtE nos experimentos de campo e em vaso (índices ambientais). Por outro lado, os genótipos de colza eficientes em N produziram mais 42,51% de sementes por síliqua, 29,53% mais biomassa das sementes, 65,39% do que os genótipos de colza ineficientes em N, nos tratamentos com alto e baixo nível de N (índices econômicos). Maiores benefícios ambientais e econômicos para genótipos de colza de baixo rendimento energético devem ser amplamente promovidos para reduzir a aplicação de nitrogênio, mitigar a poluição ambiental, reduzir os investimentos em proteção ambiental e aumentar os benefícios econômicos.

Purpose: This section outlines the main objective of the research and what the study aims to achieve. In this case, the purpose is to investigate the relationship between corporate social performance (CSP) and financial performance in firms listed on BSE and NSE. The purpose is to understand if there is a connection between these two aspects of business performance.   Design/Methodology/Approach: This section describes the methodology and approach used to conduct the research. It mentions the data collection methods, data sources, and analysis techniques. In this case, the design/methodology/approach involves collecting seven years' mean data of corporate social responsibility (CSR) spending and three years' mean data of financial performance, followed by regression analysis to assess the relationship between CSP and financial performance.   Findings: This section presents the key results and outcomes of the research. It summarizes what the data analysis and regression analysis revealed about the relationship between CSP and financial performance for the firms listed on BSE and NSE. This is where the main discoveries and insights are shared.   Research, Practical & Social Implications: Here, the broader implications of the research are discussed. This includes how the findings of the study can impact future research in the field, practical applications for businesses, and the potential social consequences of the relationship between CSP and financial performance. It looks at the \"So what?\" aspect of the research.   Originality/Value: In this section, the paper highlights the originality and value it brings to the existing body of knowledge. It discusses how the research contributes to the field and why it is important. This section emphasizes the significance of the study's findings and how they can add to the understanding of the topic.

With the disclosure of ESG, the investment related to ESG disclosure has increased, and the trend of changes in intangible capital has shown an “inverted S-shaped” curve. The research shows that, in the initial stage of investment in ESG construction, new ESG investments increase intangible capital. With the increase in ESG investment and the advancement of time, the positive effect of the increase in ESG scores on intangible capital begins to appear and gradually offsets the cost of ESG investment. However, when the ESG score of a company is raised to a certain level, the marginal effect of continuing to increase ESG investment will reduce the increase in intangible capital.

Organizational research advocates that firms balance exploration and exploitation, yet it acknowledges inherent challenges in reconciling these opposing activities. To overcome these challenges, such research suggests that firms establish organizational separation between exploring and exploiting units or engage in temporal separation whereby they oscillate between exploration and exploitation over time. Nevertheless, these approaches entail resource allocation trade-offs and conflicting organizational routines, which may undermine organizational performance as firms seek to balance exploration and exploitation within a discrete field of organizational activity (i.e., domain). We posit that firms can overcome such impediments and enhance their performance if they explore in one domain while exploiting in another. Studying the alliance portfolios of software firms, we demonstrate that firms do not typically benefit from balancing exploration and exploitation within the function domain (technology versus marketing and production alliances) and structure domain (new versus prior partners). Nevertheless, firms that balance exploration and exploitation across these domains by engaging in research and development alliances while collaborating with their prior partners, or alternatively, by forming marketing and production alliances while seeking new partners, gain in profits and market value. Moreover, we reveal that increases in firm size that exacerbate resource allocation trade-offs and routine rigidity reinforce the benefits of balance across domains and the costs of balance within domains. Our domain separation approach offers new insights into how firms can benefit from balancing exploration and exploitation. What matters is not simply whether firms balance exploration and exploitation in their alliance formation decisions but the means by which they achieve such balance.

This paper explores the intersection of game theory and pop culture as a potent strategy for amplifying social media engagement. A methodological analysis demonstrates how game theory principles can be effectively applied to social media campaigns by leveraging the universal appeal of pop culture. The study introduces a simple yet illustrative model that outlines the strategic use of pop culture elements to attract new followers and maximise net profit, considering variables such as potential follower base, cost of pop culture integration, and the preferences of different audience segments towards pop culture-infused products. Findings underscore the untapped potential of conscious game theory application in social media strategy design, offering a fresh perspective on achieving optimal engagement through a balance of appeal to pop culture enthusiasts and those favouring traditional content. This contribution is novel in its approach. It provides a comprehensive review of game theory’s utility in pop culture and presents a detailed framework for its application in social media campaigns. By bridging theoretical concepts with practical application, this research opens new avenues for strategic engagement in the digital age, making a significant addition to both academic research and practical marketing strategies.

The economics literature is replete with examples of monotone comparative statics; that is, scenarios where optimal decisions or equilibria in a parameterized collection of models vary monotonically with the parameter. Most of these examples are manifestations of complementarity, with a common explicit or implicit theoretical basis in properties of a super-modular function on a lattice. Supermodular functions yield a characterization for complementarity and extend the notion of complementarity to a general setting that is a natural mathematical context for studying complementarity and monotone comparative statics. Concepts and results related to supermodularity and monotone comparative statics constitute a new and important formal step in the long line of economics literature on complementarity. This monograph links complementarity to powerful concepts and results involving supermodular functions on lattices and focuses on analyses and issues related to monotone comparative statics. Don Topkis, who is known for his seminal contributions to this area, here presents a self-contained and up-to-date view of this field, including many new results, to scholars interested in economic theory and its applications as well as to those in related disciplines. The emphasis is on methodology. The book systematically develops a comprehensive, integrated theory pertaining to supermodularity, complementarity, and monotone comparative statics. It then applies that theory in the analysis of many diverse economic models formulated as decision problems, noncooperative games, and cooperative games.

Integrated Soil Fertility Management (ISFM) refers to a holistic approach to managing soil fertility that combines a variety of techniques and practices to improve soil health and enhance agricultural productivity, particularly in smallholder farming systems. Despite the associated higher labor and other input demands associated with ISFM adoption, there is limited empirical evidence regarding the positive outcomes of these investments at the household level. Using data from 380 tomato farmers in three regions of Ghana, we explore the relationship between ISFM adoption and household welfare. The methodology employed relies on inverse probability weighting regression adjustment (IPWRA). The findings reveal that ISFM adoption positively impacts household welfare by increasing net income by GH₵436.88 ( $60.43)/ha, improving household assets by GH₵518.17 ($ 71.67)/ha, enhancing food security by 1.23 points, and reducing household expenditure by GH₵57.39 ($7.94)/ha. The results highlight ISFM’s potential to enhance smallholder welfare through increased income, improved household assets, and better food security, contributing to poverty reduction and sustainable agricultural development. Policies should focus on improving access to fertilizers, seeds, and pesticides, coupled with extension services and farmer education programs to promote ISFM adoption. Tailored interventions targeting older and more experienced farmers, as well as household heads, are essential to overcome barriers to adoption and maximize the economic and welfare benefits of ISFM practices.

The study examines the impact of specific factors on the profitability of agriculture companies measured through ROA. The research utilized multiple linear panel regression models, namely, ordinary least squares (OLS), fixed effects (FE), and random effects (RE). The investigation was conducted on companies operating in the agricultural sector within the Republic of Serbia. The time period covered by the study is from 2020 to 2023. The results indicate that ROE and net profit have a positive impact on profitability, while the impact of net cash flow, although positive, is not statistically significant. Empirical findings show that total assets, fixed assets, debt, and liquidity have a negative impact on ROA, but only the impact of debt is statistically significant.

By leveraging supply chain finance (SCF), businesses can optimize their cash flow and strengthen their supply chain relationships, improving overall performance. By effectively harnessing this strategy, companies can dramatically enhance cash flow, strengthen supplier relationships, and propel overall efficiency and growth across their supply chains. The study considered 34 years, from 1990-91 to 2023-24, for India's personal and home care product industry companies, which is a part of the consumer goods industry and contributes as the fourth largest sector in the country's GDP. The study emphasizes the development of an empirical model on the impact of SCF on financial performance parameters like net profit margin (NPM), return on equity (ROE), return on capital employed (ROCE), and return on assets (ROA). The study applied an ordinary least square regression method to establish the relationship. Four empirical models were developed where Model 1 and Model 2 indicate that the accounts receivable turnover ratio (ART) emerged as a key SCF parameter with a statistically significant correlation to firm performance, particularly influencing NPM and ROE. The results of Models 3 and 4 reflect that ATR does not significantly impact the ROCE and ROA of firms. The study results also show that the SIZE variable positively influences financial performance, while LEV (Leverage) has a negative influence. This study compellingly illustrates the connection between SCF and a firm’s economic success, providing actionable insights for stakeholders eager to sharpen their strategic approaches. By prioritizing SCF, industries can unlock significant competitive advantages and drive sustainable growth.

Both theoretical and practical importance have recently been attached to an analysis of the operating profit margin or earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA margin) as a measure of the long-term performance of companies. In the integrated financial reporting it is presented through various indicators based on it. In view of this, we have made a comparative analysis of the operating profit margin and its impact on the performance of food trade companies in Serbia and comparable countries. Under the influence of different factors, the dynamics of the size of the operating profit margin of food trading companies in Serbia varies from comparable global food retailers in various countries. Based on the obtained results of empirical  research, we can also conclude that the EBITDA margin of the leading food trading companies in Serbia is lower than the in analyzed comparable food retail trade companies from the developed market economies. It points to the conclusion that it is necessary to efficiently manage revenues, costs, profit, assets, and financial structure in order to improve the performance of food trading companies in Serbia in the future. The general conclusion is that it shows a growth tendency and is, nevertheless, lower in comparison to food trading companies from countries of a developed market economy. In order to increase the operating profit margin, as a measure of long-term performance, it is necessary to manage the financial structure of the food trading companies in Serbia as effectively as possible.